ZINC DEFICIENCY IN EASTERN ONTARIO ORCHARDS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Heeney ◽  
G. M. Ward ◽  
W. M. Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Eastern Ontario ◽  
Zinc Levels

Typical symptoms of zinc deficiency were found in McIntosh, Northern Spy, and Delicious varieties of apples in at least 50% of the orchards sampled in eastern Ontario. The average level of zinc in the foliage collected in mid-July from those orchards showing zinc deficiency symptoms was 10.1 p.p.m. compared with 15.9 p.p.m. in material from orchards not showing symptoms. There was no evidence of varietal effects on zinc level. There was considerable variation in zinc levels in deficient orchards between 1959 and 1960 but no variation in the level of foliage from normal trees. Summer sprays of 0.2% zinc oxide or 0.15% zinc sulphate applied May 30 corrected the symptoms.

scholarly journals Dysgeusia Due to Zinc Deficiency After Pancreaticoduodenectomy Requiring Continuous Intravenous Zinc Supplementation: a Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironobu Hata ◽  
Yojiro Ota ◽  
Katsuhiko Uesaka ◽  
Yutaka Yamazaki ◽  
Tsubasa Murata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Serum Zinc Levels

Abstract Background: Zinc is mainly absorbed in the duodenum and proximal jejunum, which are removed during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Little is known about the adverse oral events and skin disorders caused by zinc deficiency after PD. Herein, we reviewed studies regarding the development of zinc deficiency after PD and presented the case of a patient with zinc deficiency after PD, who required home intravenous zinc replacement.Case presentation: A 73-year-old woman with glossitis, taste disorder, and acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruption on her fingers presented to the Division of Dentistry and Oral Surgery 69 days after PD. Her serum zinc level markedly decreased to 30 μg/dL. Oral zinc administration was inadequate to treat hypozincemia after PD; therefore, multi-trace elements were injected intravenously under readmission. Her serum zinc levels recovered, and the lesions gradually improved. Furthermore, a central venous port was implanted to maintain normal serum zinc levels, and she continued self-injecting zinc at home.Conclusion: Zinc deficiency after PD rarely occurs. The clinical oncologist community, including dentists responsible for the oral care of cancer patients, should be aware of dysgeusia associated with zinc deficiency after cancer surgery, as well as that induced by chemotherapy or head and neck radiation therapy.

Zinc deficiency in Japanese children with idiopathic short stature

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1083-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Yoshida ◽  
Tatsuhiko Urakami ◽  
Remi Kuwabara ◽  
Ichiro Morioka
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Idiopathic Short Stature ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Serum Zinc Levels

Abstract Background and methods We investigated the frequency of zinc deficiency in Japanese children with idiopathic short stature, and evaluated whether serum zinc levels correlated with background factors, including age and standard deviation scores (SDSs) for height and serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels. The study subjects consisted of 89 Japanese children. Results The mean serum zinc level was 79 ± 12 (49–108) μg/dL. Of all the children, 48.3% had a low zinc level, in the 60–80 μg/dL range, and 6.7% had zinc deficiency with a zinc level below 60 μg/dL. The majority with a low zinc level and zinc deficiency were asymptomatic other than for short stature. We found no significant correlations of serum zinc with age, or the SDSs for height and serum IGF-1 levels, in either the entire subject population or those with a zinc level below 80 μg/dL. Conclusions We found a low zinc level to be common in Japanese children with idiopathic short stature, whereas actual zinc deficiency was rare. However, other as yet unknown mechanisms not associated with the growth hormone (GH)-IGF-1 axis could be involved in growth retardation in idiopathic short stature.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Zinc Deficiency in Japanese Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis: Comparative Study in Patients on Hemodialysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Shimizu ◽  
Ritsukou Tei ◽  
Masahiro Okamura ◽  
Nobuteru Takao ◽  
Yoshihiro Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Serum Albumin Level ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Inadequate Dietary Intake ◽  
Serum Zinc Levels

Background: It is known that patients on hemodialysis (HD) are prone to developing zinc deficiency due to removal of zinc by HD, inadequate dietary intake, and reduced gastrointestinal zinc absorption. However, the prevalence of zinc deficiency in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) has not been well established. Methods: Serum zinc levels were compared between 47 patients on PD and 47 patients on HD matched for age, sex, and duration of dialysis. A serum zinc level < 60 μg/dL was defined as clinical zinc deficiency and a level of 60–80 μg/dL as subclinical zinc deficiency. The prevalence of zinc deficiency and associated clinical factors were determined in both groups. Results: Clinical zinc deficiency was found in 59.6% of the PD group and 70.2% of the HD group (p = 0.391). Subclinical zinc deficiency was found in 40.4% of the PD group and 29.8% of the HD group. Age, body mass index, and serum albumin level were identified as independent predictors of zinc deficiency in the PD group by multivariate analysis. Conclusions: A higher prevalence of clinical and subclinical zinc deficiency was found in patients on PD. The rates were comparable between patients on PD and those on HD after adjustment for confounding factors.

scholarly journals Plasma zinc and hair zinc levels, anthropometric status and food intake of children in a rural area of Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Anthony Beinner ◽  
Maria Ângela de Barros Correia Menezes ◽  
Jose Bento Borba da Silva ◽  
Flavia Regina de Amorim ◽  
Ann Kristine Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Hair Zinc ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
High Zinc ◽  
Zinc Levels

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of plasma zinc, hair zinc, growth and food consumption in children aged 6 to 24 months in a rural area of Diamantina (MG), Brazil. METHODS: Plasma and hair zinc concentrations were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry and neutron activation analysis, respectively. Weight-for-age, weight-for-height and height-for-age, expressed as Z-scores, were measured according to the World Health Organization reference curves. Dietary zinc intake was determined by a 3-day dietary recall filled out by the mother or guardian. RESULTS: Zinc deficiency was found in 11.2% and 16.8% of the children according to plasma zinc e hair zinc levels, respectively. Mean plasma zinc and hair zinc for children <11 (49) and >11 (127) months of age were 15.4 (SD=4.2) µmol L-1 and 139.5 (SD=72.1) µg g-1 and 16.0 (SD=4.5) µmol L-1 and 134.3 (SD=110.3) µg g-1, respectively. Anthropometric measurements showed that 8.0%, 6.8% and 3.4% of the children were underweight, stunted and wasted, respectively. The mean dietary intake of zinc was 3.2 (SD=2.3) mg/day. One-third of the children did not eat enough foods that contain zinc. There were no correlations among plasma zinc level, hair zinc level, anthropometric parameters and zinc intake. CONCLUION: The results demonstrate that zinc deficiency is a problem in the studied population, not just in malnourished children. Nutritional care should be provided for this population in order to improve their consumption of high-zinc foods and monitor zinc deficiency.

scholarly journals Retrospective study revealed that Zn relate to improvement of swallowing function in the older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumika Seki ◽  
Kota Ishizawa ◽  
Tetsuya Akaishi ◽  
Michiaki Abe ◽  
Koji Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Serum Zinc Levels

Abstract Background Zinc is an essential micronutrient for maintaining biological activity. The level of zinc in the blood is known to decrease with age, especially in those over 75 years of age. In older adults patients with impaired functional status, aspiration pneumonia based on dysphagia often becomes problematic. However, the relationship between zinc deficiency and swallowing function has not been studied before. Methods A total of 52 older adults subjects (15 males and 37 females) living in a nursing home were enrolled for this study. At the time of enrollment, data of gender, age, body weight, serum zinc levels, serum albumin levels, and the time in a simple 2-step swallowing provocation test (S-SPT) were collected. In patients with serum zinc levels < 60 μg/dL, we initiated 2 months of oral zinc supplementation therapy with a 34 mg/day zinc load. Those who underwent zinc supplementation were re-evaluated after the treatment period and serum zinc levels and S-SPT time were measured. Results At the time of enrollment, serum zinc level was significantly correlated with serum albumin levels (Pearson’s R = 0.58, p < 0.0001) and time in the S-SPT (Spearman’s rho = − 0.32, p = 0.0219). Twenty-five of the 52 patients had zinc deficiency with a serum zinc level < 60 μg/dL. After 2 months of oral zinc supplementation, both serum zinc levels (p < 0.0001) and time in the S-SPT (p = 0.04) significantly improved. Meanwhile, serum albumin level (p = 0.48) or body weight (p = 0.07) did not significantly change following zinc supplementation. Zinc supplementation significantly improved swallowing function, especially in the older adults who had comorbid dysphagia and zinc deficiency. Conclusions Zinc deficiency is associated with compromised swallowing function in older adults patients with impaired general functions. Oral zinc supplementation can alleviate dysphagia in older adults patients with zinc deficiency even though this is a retrospective study. Further study will be needed to confirm this positive effect.

scholarly journals Improved Swallowing Function after Zinc Supplementation in the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumika Seki ◽  
Kota Ishizawa ◽  
Tetsuya Akaishi ◽  
Michiaki Abe ◽  
Okamoto Koji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Serum Zinc Levels

Abstract Background: Zinc is an essential micronutrient for maintaining biological activity. The level of zinc in the blood is known to decrease with age, especially in those over 75 years of age. In elderly patients with impaired functional status, aspiration pneumonia based on dysphagia often becomes problematic. However, the relationship between zinc deficiency and swallowing function has not been studied before.Methods: A total of 52 elderly subjects (15 males and 37 females) living in a nursing home were enrolled for this study. At the time of enrollment, data of gender, age, body weight, serum zinc levels, serum albumin levels, and the time in a simple 2-step swallowing provocation test (S-SPT) were collected. In patients with serum zinc levels < 60 μg/dL, we initiated 2 months of oral zinc supplementation therapy with a 34 mg/day zinc load. Those who underwent zinc supplementation were re-evaluated after the treatment period and serum zinc levels and S-SPT time were measured.Results: At the time of enrollment, serum zinc level was significantly correlated with serum albumin levels (Pearson’s R = 0.58, p < 0.0001) and time in the S-SPT (Spearman’s rho = -0.32, p = 0.0219). Twenty-five of the 52 patients had zinc deficiency with a serum zinc level < 60 μg/dL. After 2 months of oral zinc supplementation, both serum zinc levels (p < 0.0001) and time in the S-SPT (p = 0.04) significantly improved. Meanwhile, serum albumin level (p = 0.48) or body weight (p = 0.07) did not significantly change following zinc supplementation. Zinc supplementation significantly improved swallowing function, especially in the elderly who had comorbid dysphagia and zinc deficiency.Conclusions: Zinc deficiency is associated with compromised swallowing function in elderly patients with impaired general functions. Oral zinc supplementation can alleviate dysphagia in elderly patients with zinc deficiency.

scholarly journals The Intracellular Free Zinc Level Is Vital for Treg Function and a Feasible Tool to Discriminate between Treg and Activated Th Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Maywald ◽  
Fudi Wang ◽  
Lothar Rink
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Th Cells ◽  
Th Cell ◽  
Intracellular Free Zinc ◽  
Free Zinc ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
And Function

The intracellular free zinc level and zinc distribution are important for cellular function. Both are highly variable and are altered due to intrinsic zinc pool fluctuation via buffering and muffling reactions. Multiple autoimmune diseases are associated with pathologically changed zinc levels, which provoke altered signal transduction leading to changed immune responses, cell differentiation, and function. For instance, immunological tolerance can be impaired, causing autoimmune diseases because of a malfunction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). We investigated the intracellular free zinc concentration of resting and activated T helper (Th) cells and Tregs in an allogeneic graft versus host disease model using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and enlightened cell function under nontoxic zinc concentrations and zinc deficiency by detecting cytokine secretion via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We exhibited for the first time that Tregs could be explicitly discriminated from other Th cell subsets using significantly increased intracellular free zinc levels. Moreover, the intracellular free zinc level was essential in maintaining the Treg phenotype and function, since zinc deficiency favored the pro-inflammatory immune response. Therefore, we hypothesize that the intracellular free zinc level in Th cells is essential in guaranteeing proper cellular function and can be used to discriminate Tregs from other Th cell subsets.

scholarly journals Evaluation of serum zinc level and IL-18 mRNA expression in children with pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Shixiong Yang ◽  
Jin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Rna Isolation ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Zinc Levels

Pneumonia is currently one of the leading causes of death in children. Increased susceptibility to pneumonia may be due to their decreased immunity. One of the reasons for the decrease in immunity is zinc deficiency. In children with pneumonia, on the other hand, some cytokines are secreted, resulting in inflammation that spreads, persists, and makes treatment difficult for specialists. In this study, we investigated the serum zinc level in children with pneumonia and healthy children. Also, we tried to find its relationship with IL-18 mRNA expression as an inflammatory cytokine. For this purpose, serum zinc levels and IL-18 mRNA expression were evaluated in 120 children aged 3-60 months with pneumonia and 120 healthy children. After taking 2ml of blood from children and measuring serum zinc level, the level of the IL-18 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR. Total RNA was extracted by bioZOL™-G RNA Isolation Reagent kit. The primary cDNA was amplified by the extracted RNA, and in the next step, 2µl of cDNA were amplified by specific primers to measure IL-18 mRNA. The Beta-actin gene was also used as internal control and housekeeping gene. Results showed that the level of zinc in the patient group was 412.625±28.87?M and in the control group was 514.40±49.67?M. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.0053). Also, the expression of the IL-18 gene was increased in children with pneumonia, significantly (P=0.0015). Therefore, from the results, it can be deduced that children with zinc deficiency were at higher risk for a lung infection. Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 also were increased in these children. Hence, it can be concluded that zinc levels can reduce the expression of IL-18 mRNA and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of children with pneumonia.

Serum Zinc Levels in Cirrhotic Patients Attending General and Specialty Hospitals, Yangon

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Cirrhosis Of Liver

Cirrhosis of liver is one of the common medical problem in daily clinical practice and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Zinc is an essential trace elements for human and plays in many biological roles in the body. Among them, zinc deficiency is thought to be involved in metabolism of ammonia and causes hyperammonia that worsen hepatic encephalopathy. This study aimed to find out the severity of cirrhosis of liver was by Child Turcotte Pugh score and to investigate the associations between serum zinc level and severity of cirrhosis. A hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 78 patients with different underlying causes of cirrhosis of liver at the Medical Units of Yangon General Hospital and Yangon Specialty Hospital. Among the study population, Child grade A was found to be 28.21%, Child grade B was 30.77% and Child grade C was 41.03%. Regarding result of serum zinc level, 62.8% were low level, 28.2% were within normal level and 8.9% were high level. Mean value of serum zinc level in grade A was 0.68 mg/l, grade B was 0.54 mg/l and grade C was 0.48 mg/l (p=0.00). It was found out that there was a high prevalence of zinc deficiency in severe cirrhotic patients. The zinc level was significantly lowest among patients with Child-Pugh C as compare to those with Child-Pugh B and C. Severity of zinc deficiency should be requested for supplementation therapy in cirrhotic patients as to prevent complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Screening for zinc deficiency may need in these patients with more advanced cirrhosis because it seems to be a marker of advanced liver disease and it can be deducted that awareness of serum zinc level among cirrhotic patients is very important in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Association between Reduced Serum Zinc and Diastolic Dysfunction in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2077
Author(s):  
Jiun-Chi Huang ◽  
Ya-Chin Huang ◽  
Pei-Yu Wu ◽  
Wen-Hsien Lee ◽  
Yi-Chun Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Serum Zinc Levels

Diastolic dysfunction is an emerging challenge among hemodialysis (HD) patients, and the associations between serum zinc with echocardiographic parameters and diastolic function remain uncertain. A total of 185 maintenance HD patients were stratified by the tertiles of serum zinc level to compare their clinical characteristics and echocardiography. Correlations of serum zinc levels with echocardiographic parameters were examined using Pearson’s analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the determinants of E/e’ ratio >15 and left atrial volume index (LAVI) > 34 mL/m2, both indicators of diastolic dysfunction. Patients belonging to the first tertile of serum zinc level had a significantly higher E/e’ ratio and LAVI. Serum zinc levels were negatively correlated with E (r = −0.204, p = 0.005), E/e’ ratio (r = −0.217, p = 0.003), and LAVI (r = −0.197, p = 0.007). In a multivariate analysis, older age, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and lower serum zinc levels (OR = 0.974, 95% CI = 0.950–0.999, p = 0.039) were significantly associated with E/e’ ratio >15. Furthermore, diabetes and lower serum zinc levels (OR = 0.978, 95% CI = 0.958–0.999, p = 0.041) were significantly associated with LAVI >34 mL/m2. Reduced serum zinc level was significantly associated with diastolic dysfunction among HD patients. Further prospective studies are warranted to investigate whether zinc supplementation can attenuate cardiac dysfunction in maintenance HD patients.

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