The Blood-Vessels of the Developing Spinal Cord of Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
R. T. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Vascular Plexus ◽  
Tentative Conclusion ◽  
Lateral Walls ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

Sterzi (1904) studied the blood-vessels of the developing spinal cord in representatives of various vertebrate groups. He correlated the early development of the vascular plexus on the lateral aspect of the neural tube with the mitotic activity within its lateral walls. He also correlated the greater vascularity of the grey matter, compared with that of the white matter, with the greater functional activity of the former. From the observation that there are 15 separate vessels that are constant in position and time of appearance during the development of the spinal cord of the chick, Feeney & Watterson (1946) reached the tentative conclusion that the pattern of the blood-vessels is determined by localized structural or physiological changes, or both. Observations on mammals by Craigie (1925), Petren (1938), and Gyllensten (1959) indicated a marked increase in vascularity of the cerebral cortex while differentiation was proceeding. Quantitative observations on the blood-vessels of the spinal cord during development are lacking.

scholarly journals Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Spinal Cord Vascularization

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Ricardo Vieira ◽  
Bhavin Shah ◽  
Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Progenitors ◽  
Cns Development ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Vascular Plexus ◽  
Spinal Cord Vascularization ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

During embryonic central nervous system (CNS) development, the neural and the vascular systems communicate with each other in order to give rise to a fully functional and mature CNS. The initial avascular CNS becomes vascularized by blood vessel sprouting from different vascular plexus in a highly stereotypical and controlled manner. This process is similar across different regions of the CNS. In particular for the developing spinal cord (SC), blood vessel ingression occurs from a perineural vascular plexus during embryonic development. In this review, we provide an updated and comprehensive description of the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this stereotypical and controlled patterning of blood vessels in the developing embryonic SC, identified using different animal models. We discuss how signals derived from neural progenitors and differentiated neurons guide the SC growing vasculature. Lastly, we provide a perspective of how the molecular mechanisms identified during development could be used to better understand pathological situations.

The relationship between size and vascularity in the spinal cord of developing Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-499
Author(s):  
R. T. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Relationship

Sterzi (1904) studied the blood vessels of the spinal cord in the embryos and adults of a comprehensive series of chordates. He suggested that the formation of new blood vessels in the developing neural tube is controlled by local variations in the metabolic activity of the nerve cells, and that the grey matter of the adult central nervous system is more vascular than the white matter because it is functionally more active. A marked increase in the vascularity of the central nervous system during development has been demonstrated by quantitative observations on rats (Craigie, 1925), guinea-pigs (Petren, 1938), mice (Gyllensten, 1959a), chickens (Williams, 1937) and toads (Sims, 1961). This increase is associated with the maturation of the neurones and no experiments have been performed which separate the production of new blood vessels and the differentiation of these cells. Experimental conditions which prevent the increased vascularity of the mammalian central nervous system during development also prevent differentiation of the neurones.

scholarly journals Development of the Neuro-Immune-Vascular Plexus in the Ventricular Zone of the Prenatal Rat Neocortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Penna ◽  
Jon M Mangum ◽  
Hunter Shepherd ◽  
Veronica Martínez-Cerdeño ◽  
Stephen C Noctor
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Ventricular Zone ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Neural Precursor Cells ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Vascular Plexus ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Rat Neocortex ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Abstract Microglial cells make extensive contacts with neural precursor cells (NPCs) and affiliate with vasculature in the developing cerebral cortex. But how vasculature contributes to cortical histogenesis is not yet fully understood. To better understand functional roles of developing vasculature in the embryonic rat cerebral cortex, we investigated the temporal and spatial relationships between vessels, microglia, and NPCs in the ventricular zone. Our results show that endothelial cells in developing cortical vessels extend numerous fine processes that directly contact mitotic NPCs and microglia; that these processes protrude from vessel walls and are distinct from tip cell processes; and that microglia, NPCs, and vessels are highly interconnected near the ventricle. These findings demonstrate the complex environment in which NPCs are embedded in cortical proliferative zones and suggest that developing vasculature represents a source of signaling with the potential to broadly influence cortical development. In summary, cortical histogenesis arises from the interplay among NPCs, microglia, and developing vasculature. Thus, factors that impinge on any single component have the potential to change the trajectory of cortical development and increase susceptibility for altered neurodevelopmental outcomes.

scholarly journals Dorsal commissural axon guidance in the developing spinal cord

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Alvarez ◽  
Supraja G. Varadarajan ◽  
Samantha J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Axon Guidance ◽  
Commissural Axon ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

scholarly journals Expression and Cellular Distribution of Ubiquitin in Response to Injury in the Developing Spinal Cord of Monodelphis domestica

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e62120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natassya M. Noor ◽  
Kjeld Møllgård ◽  
Benjamin J. Wheaton ◽  
David L. Steer ◽  
Jessie S. Truettner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Monodelphis Domestica ◽  
Cellular Distribution ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document