Experimental analysis of control mechanisms in somite segmentation in avian embryos.

Development ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Marianne Veini ◽  
Ruth Bellairs
Keyword(s):  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Avian Embryos ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Somite Formation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Area Pellucida

The blastulae of unincubated eggs of the quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica, have been bisected in ovo, using the technique of Lutz (1949). Some embryos were harvested after 24 hand found to possess two primitive streaks. Most were fixed at 48 h or 72 h. Some were found to have regulated to form almost normal single axes, whilst others had developed into duplicitas anterior embryos, separate twins or collided axes. All three types of twinned embryos were smaller than the control embryos. The number of somites was not however reduced in the shorter embryos. This finding corresponds with a similar result obtained by Cooke (1975) who reported that if a Xenopus blastula is reduced in size, it nevertheless develops the correct number of somites. The quail however adjusts the shape of the individual somites so that they fit into the reduced body length, whereas Xenopus reduces the size of somites. No miniaturized somites were ever seen in these quail embryos. As a result of the present experiments, it was concluded that the length of incubation time does not directly control the rate of somite formation, because different numbers of somite were found in twins which possessed identical genomes and had developed in almost the same environment for identical periods. In addition, the size of the area pellucida does not appear to control somite formation. Probably, the most important influence is the regression of the node.

An Experimental Analysis of the Use of Location Calls By Japanese Quail, Coturnix Coturnix Japonica

Behaviour ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 153-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Potash
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Ambient Noise Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Unmated Male

AbstractThree experiments were undertaken to study location calls used by Japanese quail. The first experiment was carried out to examine differences in emission of structurally similar locaton calls by Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica, in different contexts. Such comparisons may reveal the possible course of evolution of one call from another. Comparison between the unmated male Japanese quail's crow and the mated male's separation crow indicates the following similarities and differences: a. The same physical unit, the three part crow, is being used in both instances. The same inter-individual differences between crows of unmated males are also found between their separation crows. b. A staccato call normally accompanies separation crowing whereas this is not the case in crowing of unmated males. The individual notes of the staccato call closely resemble those emitted by the male while tidbitting. c. The crow emitted by unmated males is louder and less variable in intensity than is the separation crow. d. Separation crows occur in temporal groups or bouts whereas the crows of the unmated male usually occur individually. Initial crows within a bout are relatively faint. The second experiment was undertaken to study the function of the separation crow, the staccato call, and the cricket call. In this experiment, pairs of quail were successively housed in a series of interconnected compartments. Separation and contact maintenance were controlled by the animals own movements. The calls emitted by the animals were tape recorded and their positions were recorded every 5 seconds. Three lines of evidence for the three calls serving as location calls were examined: 1. The call is emitted primarily when visual contact between animals is attenuated or absent. 2. The call is answered with another call that is a known location call. 3. The call causes locomotor behavior in the receiver that results in contact maintenance or establishment. The data show that the cricket and separation crow serve as location calls and provide evidence for the staccato call serving as a location call as well. The effect of increased ambient noise level upon the emission of the separation crow when separation is due to movements of the male and female was also assessed. Significantly more separation crows and instances of separation crowing occurred during the high ambient noise level condition. Analysis of the positional data indicate that the differences are not due to differences in visual contact. The effect of ambient noise level on separation crowing was explained in terms of 2 factors: a. A direct stimulatory effect upon the male perhaps due to masking of the fainter staccato call as well as the separation crows emitted by the male. Previous work by the author supports this conclusion. b. An indirect effect upon the male caused by masking of noises and vocalizations emitted by the female. Data from a third experiment in which male separation crowing was measured under conditions of visual and visual and acoustical isolation from the female support this conclusion.

scholarly journals Parental methyl-enhanced diet and in ovo corticosterone affect first generation Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) development, behaviour and stress response.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Boulton ◽  
Jonathan Perez ◽  
Toby Wilkinson ◽  
Kris Hogan ◽  
Natalie Homer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract The role of maternal investment on avian offspring has considerable life history implications on production traits and therefore potential for the poultry industry. A first generation (G1) of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were bred from a 2 x 2 factorial design. Parents were fed either a control or methyl-enhanced (HiBET) diet, and their eggs were treated with a vehicle or corticosterone injection during day 5 of incubation. A subset of G1 birds were subjected to an open field trial (OFT) and capture restraint stress protocol. Significant effects of HiBET diet were found on parental egg and liver weights, G1 hatch, liver and female reproductive tract weights, egg productivity, latency to leave the OFT central zone, male baseline 11-dehydrocorticosterone, and female androstenedione plasma concentrations. In ovo treatment significantly affected latency to return to the OFT, male baseline testosterone and androstenedione, and change in androstenedione plasma concentration. Diet by treatment interactions were significant for G1 liver weight and male baseline plasma concentrations of corticosterone. These novel findings suggest significant positive effects on reproduction, growth, precociousness, and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis function from enhanced methyl diets, and are important in understanding how in ovo stressors (representing maternal stress), affect the first offspring generation.

Efeito da Inclusão do Resíduo de Goiaba sobre o Rendimento de Carcaça de Codornas Japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
A.L. Marinho ◽  
S.R.V. Lana ◽  
G.R.Q. Lana ◽  
R.C. Lira ◽  
L.C.L. Camelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix

Effects of Food Protein Levels on Haematological Parameters of Growing Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1849)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Serge-Olivier Konan KOUASSI ◽  
◽  
Yves Bénarèce Tra DJE BI ◽  
Soualio KAMAGATE ◽  
Mathieu Nahounou BLEYERE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
The Impact

The study aims to determine the impact of dietary crude protein levels on the hematological parameters of Japanese quail from growth to ovipositor. To this end, five feeds with different crude protein levels (18, 20, 22, 24 and 26%) were supplied to 700 quails of three weeks of age. These were subdivided into six batches, including three batches of females and three batches of males for each feed group. After subjecting the quails to diets containing the different protein levels, four samples were taken at the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh week of age. The samples taken were analyzed using an SYSMEX XN 350 automated hematological analyzer. The results of this investigation indicated that non-significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in hematological parameters in both female and male quails. This study showed that dietary crude protein levels had no impact on the health status of Japanese quails. Keywords: Japanese quails, Crude protein, Hematological parameters.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characteristics of Multidrug-Resistant Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) CC398 Isolated from Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) Slaughtered for Human Consumption

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2038
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva ◽  
Madalena Vieira-Pinto ◽  
Cândido Saraiva ◽  
Vera Manageiro ◽  
Lígia Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Type V

Livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) is a zoonotic pathogen that has been reported in several animals, and it is often associated with clonal complex (CC) 398. We aimed to isolate MRSA from quails and to characterize their antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages. One hundred swab samples were recovered from quails at the slaughterhouse. The swabs were inoculated onto CHROMagar™ MRSA agar plates for MRSA isolation. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant genes and virulence factors was investigated by PCR. All strains were typed by MLST, SCCmec-, spa- and agr-typing. From the 100 samples, 29 MRSA were isolated. All strains were resistant to penicillin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and clindamycin and carried the blaZ, mecA, ermB and ermC genes. All strains, except one, showed resistance to tetracycline and harbored the tetM, tetK and tetL genes in different combinations. Twenty strains belonged to ST398 and SCCmec type V, and nine strains belonged to the new ST6831. Twenty-eight out of twenty-nine strains were ascribed to t011 and one to t108. As far as we know, this is the first report of MRSA from quails slaughtered for human consumption. Most strains belonged to ST398-t011, which is the most common LA-MRSA clone found in livestock in Europe.

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