The Effects of Chorioallantoic Grafts on the developing Chick Embryo

Development ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-486
Author(s):  
Pierson J. Van Alten
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Early Literature ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Kidney Liver

There is abundant evidence that the eggs and developing embryos of the chick possess antigenically active materials; that during development changes occur in the antigenic pattern; and that many of these antigens are similar to certain adult antigens. An extensive review and summary of the early literature on the origin of adult antigens in the developing embryo has been made by Needham (1931), Cooper (1946), and Schechtman (1947). Consistent results have been obtained only in recent years by the use of more refined techniques and have been reviewed by Woerdeman (1953), Tyler (1955, 1957), Brachet (1957), and Ebert (1958). Burke, Sullivan, Petersen, & Weed (1944) prepared antisera against saline extracts of adult organs (brain, testis, ovary, kidney, liver, and lens) of the chicken. They observed that adult organ-specific antigens in the chick embryo appeared subsequent to differentiation and development of the organ, e.g. lens at 146 hours, erythrocytes at 100 hours, kidney at 220 hours, and brain, testis, and ovary at 260 hours.

Differentiation of kidney antigens in the human foetus

Development ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-537
Author(s):  
Ewert Linder
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mouse Kidney ◽  
Human Foetus ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Number Of Authors

The appearance of new antigens in the embryo during differentiation has been investigated by a number of authors. Among the proteins studied were myosin (Holtzer, 1961; Ebert, 1962), Jens crystallin (Ten Cate & Van Doorenmaalen, 1950), chick embryo haemoglobin (Wilt, 1962), and keratin during feather formation in chick embryo (Ben-Or & Bell, 1965). The development of liver proteins in the chick embryo was studied by D'Amelio, Mutolo & Piazza (1963). Okada & Sato (1963) and Okada (1965) studied the appearance of a ‘kidney-specific’ antigen in the developing mesonephros. Lahti & Saxen (1966) demonstrated the appearance of mouse kidney-specific tubule antigens during development both in vivo and in vitro. ‘Kidney-specific’ antigens are found in the metanephric proximal secreting tubules of various mammals (Hill & Cruickshank, 1953; Weiler, 1956; Groupe & Kaplan, 1967; Nairn, Ghose & Maxwell, 1967), including man (Nairn, Ghose, Fothergill & McEntegart, 1962), and in the mesonephric tubules of birds.

Differentiation of allantoic endoderm implanted into the presumptive digestive area in avian embryos. A study with organ-specific antigens

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-153
Author(s):  
Sadao Yasugi
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Digestive Organ ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Avian Embryos ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Specific Antigens

Quail allantoic endoderm was implanted into the presumptive digestive-tract area of chick embryos, and the differentiation of the endoderm was examined morphologically and immunocytochemically with antisera against pepsinogens and sucrase. The allantoic endoderm was incorporated into the host digestive organs. It often became continuous with the host endoderm and formed a chimaeric digestive-tract epithelium. It differentiated morphologically into the epithelium of the digestive organ into which it was incorporated, showing the morphological inductive ability in situ of the digestive-tract mesenchyme against the allantoic endoderm. However, the allantoic endoderm did not produce pepsinogens even when it was incorporated into the host proventricular mesenchyme and formed well-developed proventricular glands. This result indicates that the heterotypic morphogenesis of the allantoic endoderm is not necessarily accompanied by the heterotypic cytodifferentiation. In contrast, the anti-sucrase antiserum-reactive cells often differentiated in the allantoic endoderm incorporated into not only the intestine but also other organs. This confirmed our previous observation that the allantoic endoderm has a tendency to differentiate into the intestinal epithelium in the heterologous environment.

scholarly journals Chick Embryo Experimental Platform for Micrometastases Research in a 3D Tissue Engineering Model: Cancer Biology, Drug Development, and Nanotechnology Applications

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1578
Author(s):  
Anna Guller ◽  
Inga Kuschnerus ◽  
Vlada Rozova ◽  
Annemarie Nadort ◽  
Yin Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Angiogenic Switch ◽  
Experimental Platform ◽  
Organ Specific

Colonization of distant organs by tumor cells is a critical step of cancer progression. The initial avascular stage of this process (micrometastasis) remains almost inaccessible to study due to the lack of relevant experimental approaches. Herein, we introduce an in vitro/in vivo model of organ-specific micrometastases of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that is fully implemented in a cost-efficient chick embryo (CE) experimental platform. The model was built as three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering constructs (TECs) combining human MDA-MB-231 cells and decellularized CE organ-specific scaffolds. TNBC cells colonized CE organ-specific scaffolds in 2–3 weeks, forming tissue-like structures. The feasibility of this methodology for basic cancer research, drug development, and nanomedicine was demonstrated on a model of hepatic micrometastasis of TNBC. We revealed that MDA-MB-231 differentially colonize parenchymal and stromal compartments of the liver-specific extracellular matrix (LS-ECM) and become more resistant to the treatment with molecular doxorubicin (Dox) and Dox-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles than in monolayer cultures. When grafted on CE chorioallantoic membrane, LS-ECM-based TECs induced angiogenic switch. These findings may have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC. The methodology established here is scalable and adaptable for pharmacological testing and cancer biology research of various metastatic and primary tumors.

Etude par immunofluorescence de l'apparition d'antigènes neuro-spécifiques d'adulte chez l'embryon de Poulet

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
N. Touzet ◽  
R. Jeanmaire-Zylberberg ◽  
M. Chaminade
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Immunofluorescent Study ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Fluorescent Cells ◽  
Marked Fluorescence

Immunofluorescent study of the distribution of adult neuro-specific antigens in the chick embryo The adult neuro-specific antigens have been localized by immunofluorescence techniques in diencephalon and mesencephalon of chick embryo. This study has been made using fresh or fixed tissues from embryos 72, 48 or 36 h old. At 72 h of incubation the wall of diencephalon shows marked fluorescence; at 48 h of incubation the fluorescent cells are localized in an outer layer and an inner one. In the 48 h-old embryo the reaction is more distinct and intensive in fresh tissues than in fixed tissues. At 36 h of incubation no fluorescence has been detected either in fresh tissues or in fixed tissues.

scholarly journals MALATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES OF THE CHICK EMBRYO

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 510-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES L. CONKLIN ◽  
EDWARD J. NEBEL
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase Isozymes ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Mitochondrial Malate Dehydrogenase

Malate dehydrogenase fractions of the chick embryo were demonstrated after starch gel electrophoresis of homogenates of liver, brain and spleen. A total of seven malate dehydrogenase fractions were observed to occur in the chick embryo in an organ specific pattern. Treatment of the homogenates with urea, sodium chloride-sodium phosphate, and p-chloromercuribenzoate prior to electrophoresis revealed that only three distinct malate dehydrogenase-active proteins were presence. Two of these proteins exhibited properties similar to those previously reported for the supernatant malate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase of other species. Becuase of the differing properties of chick malate and lactate dehydrogenase it is concluded that the molecular basis for malate dehydrogenase isozymes is different from that reported for lactate dehydrogenase isozymes.

scholarly journals Interorgan Coordination of the Murine Adaptive Response to Fasting

2011 ◽  
Vol 286 (18) ◽  
pp. 16332-16343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodorus B. M. Hakvoort ◽  
Perry D. Moerland ◽  
Raoul Frijters ◽  
Aleksandar Sokolović ◽  
Wilhelmina T. Labruyère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Liver

Starvation elicits a complex adaptive response in an organism. No information on transcriptional regulation of metabolic adaptations is available. We, therefore, studied the gene expression profiles of brain, small intestine, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle in mice that were subjected to 0–72 h of fasting. Functional-category enrichment, text mining, and network analyses were employed to scrutinize the overall adaptation, aiming to identify responsive pathways, processes, and networks, and their regulation. The observed transcriptomics response did not follow the accepted “carbohydrate-lipid-protein” succession of expenditure of energy substrates. Instead, these processes were activated simultaneously in different organs during the entire period. The most prominent changes occurred in lipid and steroid metabolism, especially in the liver and kidney. They were accompanied by suppression of the immune response and cell turnover, particularly in the small intestine, and by increased proteolysis in the muscle. The brain was extremely well protected from the sequels of starvation. 60% of the identified overconnected transcription factors were organ-specific, 6% were common for 4 organs, with nuclear receptors as protagonists, accounting for almost 40% of all transcriptional regulators during fasting. The common transcription factors were PPARα, HNF4α, GCRα, AR (androgen receptor), SREBP1 and -2, FOXOs, EGR1, c-JUN, c-MYC, SP1, YY1, and ETS1. Our data strongly suggest that the control of metabolism in four metabolically active organs is exerted by transcription factors that are activated by nutrient signals and serves, at least partly, to prevent irreversible brain damage.

scholarly journals Cellular Mechanisms of Tissue Fibrosis. 1. Common and organ-specific mechanisms associated with tissue fibrosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (3) ◽  
pp. C216-C225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Zeisberg ◽  
Raghu Kalluri
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Tissue Fibrosis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Kidney Liver

Fibrosis is a pathological scarring process that leads to destruction of organ architecture and impairment of organ function. Chronic loss of organ function in most organs, including bone marrow, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, lung, and skin, is associated with fibrosis, contributing to an estimated one third of natural deaths worldwide. Effective therapies to prevent or to even reverse existing fibrotic lesions are not yet available in any organ. There is hope that an understanding of common fibrosis pathways will lead to development of antifibrotic therapies that are effective in all of these tissues in the future. Here we review common and organ-specific pathways of tissue fibrosis.

Species-and organ-specific antigens in tissue cultures of considerable age

1963 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1010-1013
Author(s):  
A. T. Kravchenko ◽  
N. A. Kolesnikova ◽  
G. T. Patrikeev
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Specific Antigens
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