Ontogeny of lens crystallins in marine cephalopods

Development ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Samir K. Brahma
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Mechanism ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Lens Protein ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Lens Development ◽  
Lens Crystallins ◽  
Cytochemical Staining ◽  
Loligo Vulgaris ◽  
Lens Crystallin ◽  
The Relationship

The ontogeny of the lens crystallin antigens throughout development of three marine cephalopod embryos, Loligo vulgaris, Sepia officinalis and Octopus vulgaris has been investigated using the indirect immuno-cytochemical staining against respective homologous anti-total lens protein antiserum. The cellular mechanism of lens development appears to be the same in all species investigated and so does the ontogeny of the lens crystallins. The first positive immunofluorescence reaction appears simultaneously and in equal intensities over the lens and lentigenic area confirming the relationship between the two.

Optic gland implants and their effects on the gonads of Octopus

1975 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Wells ◽  
J. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Loligo Vulgaris

1. Optic glands transplanted from one Octopus vulgaris into another cause enlargement of the gonads and ducts of the recipient. 2. Enlargement occurs whether or not the gland was secreting when implanted and regardless of the sex of the donor or recipient. 3. Glands derived from Eledone moschata or Octopus macropus implanted into O. vulgaris are as effective as glands derived from O. vulgaris. 4. Implants derived from Sepia officinalis or Loligo vulgaris appear to be ineffective.

scholarly journals Cephalopod vision involves dicarboxylic amino acids: D-aspartate, L-aspartate and L-glutamate

2005 ◽  
Vol 386 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore D'ANIELLO ◽  
Patrizia SPINELLI ◽  
Gabriele FERRANDINO ◽  
Kevin PETERSON ◽  
Mara TSESARSKIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Optic Lobes ◽  
Loligo Vulgaris ◽  
Aspartate Racemase ◽  
High Concentrations

In the present study, we report the finding of high concentrations of D-Asp (D-aspartate) in the retina of the cephalopods Sepia officinalis, Loligo vulgaris and Octopus vulgaris. D-Asp increases in concentration in the retina and optic lobes as the animal develops. In neonatal S. officinalis, the concentration of D-Asp in the retina is 1.8±0.2 μmol/g of tissue, and in the optic lobes it is 5.5±0.4 μmol/g of tissue. In adult animals, D-Asp is found at a concentration of 3.5±0.4 μmol/g in retina and 16.2±1.5 μmol/g in optic lobes (1.9-fold increased in the retina, and 2.9-fold increased in the optic lobes). In the retina and optic lobes of S. officinalis, the concentration of D-Asp, L-Asp (L-aspartate) and L-Glu (L-glutamate) is significantly influenced by the light/dark environment. In adult animals left in the dark, these three amino acids fall significantly in concentration in both retina (approx. 25% less) and optic lobes (approx. 20% less) compared with the control animals (animals left in a diurnal/nocturnal physiological cycle). The reduction in concentration is in all cases statistically significant (P=0.01–0.05). Experiments conducted in S. officinalis by using D-[2,3-3H]Asp have shown that D-Asp is synthesized in the optic lobes and is then transported actively into the retina. D-aspartate racemase, an enzyme which converts L-Asp into D-Asp, is also present in these tissues, and it is significantly decreased in concentration in animals left for 5 days in the dark compared with control animals. Our hypothesis is that the dicarboxylic amino acids, D-Asp, L-Asp and L-Glu, play important roles in vision.

scholarly journals Αλιευτική δραστηριότητα και στρατηγικές διαχείρισης της μικρής παράκτιας αλιείας στα Δωδεκάνησα

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Κυριακούλα Ροδίτη
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Loligo Vulgaris ◽  
Mullus Barbatus ◽  
Diplodus Sargus ◽  
Mullus Surmuletus ◽  
Pagrus Pagrus ◽  
Boops Boops ◽  
Scorpaena Porcus

Παραδοσιακά, η μικρή παράκτια αλιεία συσχετίζεται σε μεγάλο βαθμό με τους κοινωνικοοικονομικούς παράγοντες των παράκτιων και νησιωτικών περιοχών της Μεσογείου. Υπάρχει μεγάλο ενδιαφέρον για την εξασφάλιση της βιώσιμης εκμετάλλευσης και βιωσιμότητάς της. Η παρούσα έρευνα περιγράφει την μικρή παράκτια αλιεία στα Δωδεκάνησα (Κάλυμνος, Κως, Λέρος, Πάτμος, Σύμη), που φιλοξενεί τον μεγαλύτερο παράκτιο στόλο στην ανατολική Μεσόγειο. Επιπλέον, αυτή η έρευνα στοχεύει στην αξιολόγηση της οικονομικής βιωσιμότητας του αλιευτικού στόλου της μικρής παράκτιας αλιείας, με βάση τον υπολογισμό οικονομικών δεδομένων. Μια πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση χρησιμοποιήθηκε για τον προσδιορισμό των ενασχολήσεων, εισάγοντας τους κύριους πόρους και τα δεδομένα αλιευτικών εργαλείων, που καταγράφηκαν κατά την εκφόρτωση. Οι πιο σημαντικές ενασχολήσεις που αφορούσαν τα αλιευτικά εργαλεία και τα είδη-στόχους είναι: απλάδια δίχτυα, Boops boops, μανωμένα δίχτυα, Scorpaena porcus and Mullus surmuletus, στάσιμα παραγάδια, Pagellus erythrinus, Pagrus pagrus, Diplodus sargus, παρασυρόμενα παραγάδια, Xiphias gladius και μπραγκαρόλα, Octopus vulgaris. Η οικονομική ανάλυση πραγματοποιήθηκε με στόχο την παρουσίαση μιας μεθοδολογίας για την αναγνώριση της σημασίας του αλιευτικού στόλου της μικρής παράκτιας αλιείας, βάσει οικονομικών δεδομένων και τεχνικών χαρακτηριστικών του αλιευτικού στόλου. Το νησί της Καλύμνου αξίζει ιδιαίτερη προσοχή καθώς φιλοξενεί τον μεγαλύτερο και πιο ενεργό παράκτιο αλιευτικό στόλο. Η παρούσα έρευνα αναλύει την αλιεία με παραγάδια και δίχτυα, όπου αυτή δραστηριοποιείται στο νησί της Καλύμνου. Για την αναγνώριση των ενασχολήσεων χρησιμοποιήθηκε πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση. Οι οικονομικοί δείκτες στο νησί της Καλύμνου υπολογίστηκαν για τις ενασχολήσεις όπου ταυτοποιήθηκαν. Έξι κύριες ενασχολήσεις αναγνωρίστηκαν με τη χρήση των αλιευτικών εργαλείων: στάσιμα παραγάδια, παρασυρόμενα παραγάδια, μπραγκαρόλα και καλαμαριέρα και στόχευαν στα είδη P. pagrus, Diplodus vulgaris, P. erythrinus, Sparus aurata, X. gladius, O. vulgaris και Loligo vulgaris. Όλες οι ενασχολήσεις παρουσίασαν θετική ακαθάριστη ταμειακή ροή, ειδικά όταν στόχευαν στα είδη X. gladius, P. pagrus, D. vulgaris, P. erythrinus και S. aurata. Τέσσερεις κύριες ενασχολήσεις παρατηρήθηκαν με τη χρήση των αλιευτικών εργαλείων απλάδια και μανωμένα δίχτυα, με είδη στόχου Mullus barbatus, B. boops, M. surmuletus, S. porcus και Sepia officinalis. Οι δυο από τις τέσσερεις κύριες ενασχολήσεις, όπου στόχευαν στα είδη B. boops S. porcus και S. officinalis ήταν οικονομικά αποδοτικότερες. Τα αποτελέσματα παρείχαν ουσιαστικές πληροφορίες για την ανάπτυξη και την εφαρμογή σχεδίων διαχείρισης που αφορουν τη βιωσιμότητα της μικρής παράκτιας αλιείας.

Ultrafiltration in the Branchial Heart Appendage of Dibranchiate Cephalopods: A Comparative Ultrastructural and Physiological Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
R. SCHIPP ◽  
F. HEVERT
Keyword(s):  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Physiological Study ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Branchial Heart ◽  
Urine Formation

It is shown that ultrafiltration could be the first step in urine formation in Sepia officinalis and Octopus vulgaris. The organization of the podocytes indicates that ultrafiltration can occur through these cells. They have a thick basal lamina in contact with the peripheral blood lacunae, and the cell apices lie in infoldings of the lumen of the appendage. Comparison between the colloid-osmotic and the hydrostatic pressures of the fluids in the branchial heart and the pericardial coelom shows that an ultrafiltration can take place during the branchial heart systole as well as during a long phase of the diastole. Comparison of the osmolalities of blood, coelomic fluid, renal-sac fluid, and sea water shows that these species are hypoosmotic regulators.

Sterols of the Cephalopod Spirula Spirula

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Ballantine ◽  
John C. Roberts ◽  
Robert J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Sterol Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Dietary Origin

The sterol biochemistry of the highly advanced molluscan class – the cephalopods – is poorly understood. Few analyses of their component sterols have been published in which GC-MS has been employed (Voogt, 1973; Idler et al. 1978; ApSimon & Burnell, 1980) and these have only involved 5 species.From the available data the cephalopods appear to have a much simpler sterol make-up than the other less-advanced molluscs. Cholesterol appears to be easily the predominant sterol (ca. 90%) with minor amounts of up to 10 other common marine sterols. Of the species analysed, four (Sepia officinalis, Octopus vulgaris, Eledone aldrovandi and Illex illecebrosus) had a very similar major and minor sterol composition. Only the more primitive Nautilus sp. (Idler et al. 1978) had a noticeably different minor sterol composition.Voogt (1973) reported cephalopods to be able to synthesise sterols though molluscs generally appear only to be able to carry out this biosynthesis slowly (Goad, 1978). Cephalopods are extremely active carnivores and thus would be expected to have a diverse diet. If their component sterols are of a dietary origin, a considerable variation in their minor sterol composition might be expected on the basis of the range in sterol composition reported for pelagic organisms (e.g. Morris & Culkin, 1977), many of which may be possible dietary components.Detailed knowledge however of cephalopod diets is limited. Quite apart from the fact that healthy specimens are rarely caught in nets, those that are caught often feed voraciously on the other organisms trapped in the net prior to being brought on board for examination.

Muscle receptors in cephalopods

1965 ◽  
Vol 161 (984) ◽  
pp. 392-402 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Muscle Receptors ◽  
Intramuscular Nerve ◽  
Nerve Cords

Multipolar nerve cells with the characteristics of muscle receptors have been shown in the arms of Octopus vulgaris . The dendrites of these cells branch out into the muscle fibres and their axons make their way to small, intramuscular ganglion centres (ganglion of the sucker and intramuscular nerve cords), in which they seem to end. Multipolar nerve cells with characteristics similar to those of the cells described in Octopus have also been shown in the lip of Sepia officinalis . Such evidence permits one to think that these structures are more frequent in the cephalopods than has been suspected hitherto and it confirms the presence of a system of proprioceptors.

Ontogeny and localization of the lens crystallins in Xenopus laevis lens regeneration

Development ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-794
Author(s):  
Samir K. Brahma ◽  
David S. McDevitt
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lens Protein ◽  
Lens Crystallins ◽  
Lens Regeneration ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Staining ◽  
Normal Lens

Ontogeny and localization of the lens crystallins, especially the γ-crystallins were investigated in Xenopus laevis lens regenerating system by the ‘indirect’ immunofluorescence staining method. Antibodies directed against Rana pipiens γ-crystallin antigen were used for the detection of this crystallin; the validity of such an experiment has been shown in a previous report. To detect total lens proteins we used X. laevis anti-total lens protein antibody. The regenerates were staged according to Freeman (1963) and the first positive reaction with both the two antisera was observed in an early stage-4 regenerate . The site of theimmunofluorescence reaction was nearly identical in both, suggesting that γ-crystallinsare one of the first, if not the first of the lens crystallins to appear during lens regeneration. The secondary fibres, when developed, showed less immunofluorescence than the primary fibres with R. pipiens anti-γ crystallin antibody, though the reaction was intense in the secondary fibres with X. laevis anti-total lens protein antibody. The intensity and distribution of immunofluorescence increased with the growth of the lens. With the R. pipiens anti-γ crystallin antibody, the lens epithelium did not show any immunofluorescence reaction at any stage of lens regeneration. With X. laevis anti-total lens protein antibody, the epithelium showed an immunofluorescence reaction earlier than in the normal lens development. With the two antisera we used, we did not observe any immunofluorescence outside the lens tissue.

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