Quantitative aspects of proliferation in the nasal epithelium of the rhesus monkey embryo

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
Doris B. Wilson ◽  
Andrew G. Hendrickx
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
Nasal Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
Nasal Pit

Proliferation was studied in the nasal epithelium of rhesus monkey embryos ranging in age from 26 through 41 days of gestation (stages 13–20). Labeling indices were tabulated 1 h after an intrachorionic injection with [3H]thymidine, and the distribution of labeled cells was determined at intervals ranging from 1 h to 11 h after injection. The labeling index showed a chronological decrease from 69·4% in the nasal placode at stage 13 to 31·6% in the nasal pit at stage 20. The vomeronasal epithelium was distinctive in that the basal cells lost their ability to incorporate [3H]thymidine as early as stage 18. In the remainder of the nasal epithelium, mitotic figures were initially confined to apical regions but later occurred in basal regions as the embryonic pattern of proliferation became converted to the adult type.

The structure of the gills of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 824-825
Author(s):  
Mohinder S. Jarial
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Granular Cells ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
Apical Membranes

The axolotl is a strictly aquatic salamander in which the larval external gills are retained throughout life. The external gills of the adult axolotl have been studied by light and electron microscopy for ultrastructural evidence of ionic transport. The thin epidermis of the gill filaments and gill stems is composed of 3 cell types: granular cells, the basal cells and a sparce population of intervening Leydig cells. The gill epidermis is devoid of muscles, and no mitotic figures were observed in any of its cells.The granular cells cover the gill surface as a continuous layer (Fig. 1, G) and contain secretory granules of different forms, located apically (Figs.1, 2, SG). Some granules are found intimately associated with the apical membrane while others fuse with it and release their contents onto the external surface (Fig. 3). The apical membranes of the granular cells exhibit microvilli which are covered by a PAS+ fuzzy coat, termed “glycocalyx” (Fig. 2, MV).

Prolactin inhibits corticoid-induced differentiation of active Na+ transport across cultured frog tadpole skin

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (5) ◽  
pp. C1326-C1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takada ◽  
H. Yai ◽  
K. Takayama-Arita
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Blood Group Antigen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Na Transport ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Frog Tadpole ◽  
Antigen A ◽  
Tadpole Skin

Active Na+ transport differentiates in larval bullfrog skin cultured with corticoids. After 2 wk in culture, the epidermis became positive against human blood group antigen A, the marker for the adult-type cells of the epidermis, but was negative to the antibody against the acetylcholine receptor, the marker for the larval-type epidermis. Amiloride (10(-5) M) did not inhibit the differentiation of active Na+ transport. On the other hand, in skin cultured with prolactin (2 micrograms/ml), the epidermis remained negative against antigen A and positive against acetylcholine receptor, and the differentiation of active Na+ transport was inhibited. Thyroid hormone did not antagonize the inhibitory action of prolactin on this transport differentiation. Prolactin affected the basal cells of the larval epidermis and inhibited development of corticoid-induced adult features in the epidermis.

scholarly journals Basal cells express functional TRPV4 channels in the mouse nasal epithelium

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
Takashi Ueda ◽  
Mariko Hoshikawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Shibata ◽  
Natsuko Kumamoto ◽  
Shinya Ugawa
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells

scholarly journals p63+Krt5+ basal cells are increased in the squamous metaplastic epithelium of patients with radiation-induced chronic Rhinosinusitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongming Huang ◽  
Kai Sen Tan ◽  
Suizi Zhou ◽  
Tian Yuan ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Nasal Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Pathologic Feature ◽  
Metaplastic Epithelium ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Epithelial Remodeling

Abstract Background Squamous metaplasia (SM) is an irreversible form of airway epithelial remodeling. Hyperproliferation of basal cells was observed in squamous metaplastic epithelium of chronically inflamed airway. However, the association of such aberrant proliferation of basal cells with SM in the nasal epithelium after radiation damage remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate SM and accompanying levels of p63+Krt5+ (basal cell markers) cells in the nasal epithelium of patients with radiation-induced chronic rhinosinusitis (CRSr) and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) compared to healthy controls. Methods We assessed the prevalence of SM and the expression of p63+, Krt5+, p63+Krt5+, and Ki67+ cells through immunofluorescence(IF) staining of the inferior turbinate (IT) tissues from patients with CRSr (n = 36), CRSsNP (n = 33) and controls (n = 28). Results The prevalence of SM and the number of p63+Krt5+ cells were both significantly increased in patients with CRSr compared to patients with CRSsNP and controls. The number of Ki67+ cells were both significantly increased in patients with CRSr and CRSsNP compared to controls, but the ratio of Ki67+ cells to p63+Krt5+ cells was significantly lower in patients with CRSr compared to patients with CRSsNP. In patients with CRSr, an increased number of p63+Krt5+ basal cells was observed in SM epithelium compared to non-SM epithelium. Conclusion SM is increased in the nasal epithelium of patients with CRSr, in which aberrant levels of p63+Krt5+ basal cells serves as an important pathologic feature in the squamous metaplastic epithelium.

scholarly journals A possible extratubular origin of epididymal basal cells in mice

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Holschbach ◽  
TG Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
Immunological Protection ◽  
Peritubular Cells

The origin of basal cells in mouse epididymis was examined by counting the numbers of basal cells, intratubular mitotic figures and peritubular cells during development of the epididymis. Putative precursors of basal cells were labelled with bromodeoxyuridine and the nuclei of daughter cells were examined. Histochemical localization of cytokines was performed to gauge their involvement in migration of basal cell precursors from extratubular sources. The results indicate that basal cells may arise from extratubular sources as: (i) there was a decrease in the number of mitotic figures as the number of basal cells increased; (ii) no mitotic figures were observed in the base of the epithelium; (iii) the increase in the number of peritubular cells did not parallel the number of basal cells in all epididymal regions; (iv) division of epithelial cells into daughter cells was circumferential and not radial; (v) bromodeoxyuridine-labelled basal cell nuclei were mostly not found in the vicinity of labelled principal cell nuclei and vice versa; and (vi) the percentage of labelled basal cell nuclei was higher than that of the other cells, which is indicative of their arrival from a more highly labelled pool. In addition, no age-dependent correlation was noted between any of the cytokines tested and appearance of basal cells in the epithelium, and basal cells expressed intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), which provides further evidence of a relationship between basal cells and immunocytes. If basal cells have an immunological function, failure of their recruitment into the epididymal epithelium at about the time of puberty may have repercussions for immunological protection of spermatozoa and, ultimately, for fertility in the adult.

scholarly journals Histological characteristics of oral leukoplakia

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Vuckovic ◽  
Marija Bokor-Bratic ◽  
Dejan Vuckovic
Keyword(s):  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Oral Mucosal Lesion ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Real Increase ◽  
Superficial Epithelium ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates

Introduction Leukoplakia (LKP) is defined as a white patch or plaque on the mucosa of oral cavity, vulva, vagina etc., which cannot be removed and cannot be clinically or microscopically explained by presence of a disease. LKP is included in the group of lesions with malignant potential. Microscopic characteristics Basic microscopic characteristics of oral LKP include hyperkeratosis of ortho- or parakeratotic type and acanthosis of the epithelium, with various degrees of chronic inflammatory infiltrates in lamina propria. Also, various degrees of epithelial dysplasia may occur. Some of the most important microscopic characteristics of dysplasia are: loss of polarity of basal cells, increased nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, irregular epithelial stratification, increased number of abnormal mitotic figures and their presence in the superficial epithelium, cellular and nuclear pleomorphism, keratinization of single cell groups. Malignant potential LKP is the most common oral mucosal lesion (evident in 3% of adults). At the same time, up to 85% of all precancerous lesions are manifested as LKP. Overall malignant potential of LKP does not exceed 4%, but some authors found that even 16% LKP with some degree of dysplasia, have a potential to transform to carcinoma. Microscopic differential diagnosis The most important differential diagnostic criteria are listed for lesions with similar microscopic appearance. Conclusion Nowdays LKP is diagnosed more frequently than before, probable due to a better patients' education and dentists' caution, but not due to real increase in incidence.

Prolactin antagonizes the corticoid-promoted development of adult-type epidermis in cultured larval bullfrog skin.

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (12) ◽  
pp. 2573-2578
Author(s):  
M Takada ◽  
H Yai ◽  
S Komazaki ◽  
K Takayama-Arita
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Blood Group Antigen ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Human Blood Group ◽  
Larval Type ◽  
Antigen A

EDTA-treated larval bullfrog skin, in which apical and skein cells had been removed and only basal cells remained, was cultured in one of four media. These contained either aldosterone (Aldo) or a mixture of Aldo, hydrocortisone (HC) and corticosterone (C), each either supplemented with prolactin (PRL) or lacking PRL. Skin cultured with Aldo alone or with the corticoid mixture (Aldo + HC + C) developed an adult-type epidermis: (i) both types of skin reacted to human blood group antigen A, a marker for the adult-type epidermis of bullfrog skin; (ii) amiloride decreased the short-circuit current Isc in these skin preparations, but acetylcholine (ACh) had no effect on the Isc. It seemed to make little difference to the results whether the skin was cultured with Aldo or with the corticoid mixture. PRL antagonized the action of Aldo and induced the development of a larval-type epidermis in both skin preparations: (i) the skin preparations did not react to human blood group antigen A; (ii) acetylcholine and amiloride each stimulated Isc in these preparations. Since ACh and amiloride each stimulated the Isc in skin with apical cells, ACh/amiloride-stimulated channels may be located on these cells.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF DEHYDROGENASES IN THE SKIN OF THE RHESUS MONKEY (MACACA MULATTA)

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 668-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL J. C. IM
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Hair Matrix ◽  
Glutamic Dehydrogenase

The activities of the following dehydrogenase systems were demonstrated in the skin of the rhesus monkey ( Macaca mulatta): succinic, malic, isocitric (DPN and TPN), lactic, α-glycerophosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, β-hydroxybutyric and glutamic dehydrogenase. Strong dehydrogenase activity in general is restricted to metabolically active sites such as the basal layer of the epidermis, the outer root sheath of the hair follicles, the hair matrix and bulb, the clear cells of the eccrine sweat glands and the basal cells of the sweat glands. The myelinated fibers of Meissner corpuscles and the inner bulb of the Pacinian corpuscles in the palms and soles abound in all of the dehydrogenases. The enzymes are also abundant in the arrectores pilorum muscles, the endothelium of the arterioles, the fibroblasts and mast cells.

scholarly journals p63+Krt5+ Basal Cells are Increased in the Squamous Metaplastic Epithelium of Patients with Radiation-induced Chronic Rhinosinusitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongming Huang ◽  
Kai Sen Tan ◽  
Suizi Zhou ◽  
Tian Yuan ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Nasal Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Pathologic Feature ◽  
Metaplastic Epithelium ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Epithelial Remodeling

Abstract Background: Squamous metaplasia (SM) is an irreversible form of airway epithelial remodeling. Hyperproliferation of basal cells was observed in squamous metaplastic epithelium of chronically inflamed airway. However, the association of such aberrant proliferation of basal cells with SM in the nasal epithelium after radiation damage remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate SM and accompanying levels of p63+Krt5+ (basal cell markers) cells in the nasal epithelium of patients with radiation-induced chronic rhinosinusitis (CRSr) and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) compared to healthy controls.Methods: We assessed the prevalence of SM and the expression of p63+, Krt5+, p63+Krt5+, and Ki67+ cells through immunofluorescence(IF) staining of the inferior turbinate (IT) tissues from patients with CRSr (n = 36) , CRSsNP (n = 33) and controls (n = 28).Results: The prevalence of SM and the number of p63+Krt5+ cells were both significantly increased in patients with CRSr compared to patients with CRSsNP and controls. The number of Ki67+ cells were both significantly increased in patients with CRSr and CRSsNP compared to controls, but the ratio of Ki67+ cells to p63+Krt5+ cells was significantly lower in patients with CRSr compared to patients with CRSsNP. In patients with CRSr, an increased number of p63+Krt5+ basal cells was observed in SM epithelium compared to non-SM epithelium.Conclusion: SM is increased in the nasal epithelium of patients with CRSr, in which aberrant levels of p63+Krt5+ basal cells serves as an important pathologic feature in the squamous metaplastic epithelium.

Corticoid-induced differentiation of amiloride-blockable active Na+ transport across larval bullfrog skin in vitro

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (1) ◽  
pp. C218-C226 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takada ◽  
H. Yai ◽  
K. Takayama-Arita
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Na Transport ◽  
Induced Differentiation ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

The hormone-induced differentiation of an active Na+ transport across larval bullfrog skin during metamorphosis was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro experiments, EDTA-treated larval dorsal skin from which apical cells were removed was used. Even in the absence of thyroid hormone, corticoids induced the differentiation. Although aldosterone was the most potent hormone, hydrocortisone or corticosterone was also effective. Prolactin inhibited the corticoid-induced differentiation. The differentiation of the transport system coincided almost exactly with the appearance of adult features of the epidermis, namely, the epidermis at 7 days carried the human blood group antigen A, a specific molecular marker of adult-type bullfrog epidermis. The transport system appeared to develop in cells that had been newly generated from basal cells. On the contrary, in in vivo experiments, the effect of amiloride on the short-circuit current of the skin of tadpoles raised in the presence of aldosterone was very small, suggesting that a mechanism exists to inhibit the ability of aldosterone to induce the differentiation of the transport system in vivo.

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