In vitro studies of limb regeneration in adult Diemictylus viridescens: Neural dependence of blastema cells for growth and differentiation

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-829
Author(s):  
Morton Globus ◽  
Richard A. Liversage
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Spinal Ganglia ◽  
Chemical Factor ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Active Proliferation

Explants of 99 adult newt forelimb blastemata (21- to 24-day regenerates) were cultured, with and without implanted dorsal root ganglia, in modified Parker's medium (CMRL-1415) for periods of 72–144 h. Growth and differentiation of the cultured blastemata were compared with ganglionated and non-ganglionated controls fixed at the start of the culture period. The results of these experiments establish that implanted spinal ganglia are able to sustain growth and differentiation of forelimb blastemata in vitro: active proliferation amongst the blastema cells was found to be correlated with the presence of an implanted ganglion. In addition, the blastema cells exhibited a differential growth response which was most pronounced when the ganglion was eccentrically implanted 2–3 days before explantation of the limb regenerate. These results suggest that a causal relationship exists between the position of the implanted ganglion and the localization of growth within the blastema. The nerve influence, believed to be mediated by a chemical factor(s), was localized in the region of the implanted neurons, indicating that a close association between the nerves and the responding blastema cells is essential for normal growth. The importance of the physical presence of nerves for the cultivation of blastemata in vitro is emphasized.

The Differential Growth Response of Embryonic Chick Limb-bone Rudiments to Triiodothyronine in vitro

Development ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Kirstie Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Limb Bone ◽  
Leg Bones

The proportionate development of the embryonic chick skeleton can be influenced experimentally by a variety of factors such as nutritional deficiencies (Byerly, Titus, Ellis, & Landauer, 1935; Landauer, 1936; Romanoff & Bauernfeind, 1942; Couch, Cravens, Elvehjem, & Halpin, 1948), teratogens (Ancel & Lallemand, 1942; Zwilling & de Bell, 1950; Landauer, 1952, 1953a, 1954) and excess hormones (Willier, 1924; Landauer & Bliss, 1946; Duraiswami, 1950). The leg bones are generally more severely affected than the wing bones, but a comparison of the action of several teratogens on the character of the malformations and on the relative growth of the leg bones indicated that the response of individual bones varies with the different agents (Landauer & Rhodes, 1952; Landauer, 1953 a, b, 1954). Cartilaginous limb-bone rudiments also respond differentially when they are isolated from the embryo and exposed in culture to various compounds, such as insulin (Chen, 1954), vitamin A, and the thyroid hormones (Fell & Mellanby, 1955, 1956).

The Differential Growth-Response of Embryonic Chick Limb-Bone Rudiments to Triiodothyronine in vitro. III. Hormone Concentration.

Development ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-398
Author(s):  
Kirstie Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Limb Bone ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
High Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Rudiments of each of the limb bones from the same chick embryo differ in their growth response to thyroid hormones in vitro (Fell & Mellanby, 1955, 1956). These variations in response to triiodothyronine (T3) are not determined by differences in maturity or size of the rudiments (Lawson, 1961a), but are associated with differences in their normal specific growth rates in vivo; T3 retards the growth of rudiments which normally have a high specific growth rate and stimulates the growth of those which grow slowly in vivo. However, when the growth rate of the limb-bone rudiments is altered in vitro by varying the composition of the medium or the temperature, the characteristic responses of different rudiments to T3 are not greatly altered (Lawson, 1961b). For example, the effect of T3 on the radius, a slowly growing rudiment, is to stimulate growth, whereas the same amount of T3 retards the growth rate of the third metatarsus which is normally a fast growing bone.

The Differential Growth-response of Embryonic Chick Limb-bone Rudiments to Triiodothyronine in vitro

Development ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-555
Author(s):  
Kirstie Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Limb Bone ◽  
Stage Of Development

The maturation of the cartilage of embryonic chick long-bone rudiments growing in tissue culture is accelerated by addition of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, but the growth in length of different long bones is not uniformly affected (Fell & Mellanby, 1955, 1956). Thus the growth of the hormone-treated tibia is less than that of a normal tibia, while the effect of thyroid hormone on the radius is to increase its growth. This differential response is not determined either by the stage of development at which the limb-bone rudiments are exposed to hormone, or by the size of the explant (Lawson, 1961). Investigations to determine whether the differential response of limb-bone rudiments to triiodothyronine (T3) is due to differences in the growth rates of different bones are described in this paper. The work was divided into three parts.

Diabetes and Heart Failure: Is it Hyperglycemia or Hyperinsulinemia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triantafyllos Didangelos ◽  
Konstantinos Kantartzis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

The cardiac effects of exogenously administered insulin for the treatment of diabetes (DM) have recently attracted much attention. In particular, it has been questioned whether insulin is the appropriate treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure. While several old and some new studies suggested that insulin treatment has beneficial effects on the heart, recent observational studies indicate associations of insulin treatment with an increased risk of developing or worsening of pre-existing heart failure and higher mortality rates. However, there is actually little evidence that the associations of insulin administration with any adverse outcomes are causal. On the other hand, insulin clearly causes weight gain and may also cause serious episodes of hypoglycemia. Moreover, excess of insulin (hyperinsulinemia), as often seen with the use of injected insulin, seems to predispose to inflammation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Nevertheless, it should be stressed that most of the data concerning the effects of insulin on cardiac function derive from in vitro studies with isolated animal hearts. Therefore, the relevance of the findings of such studies for humans should be considered with caution. In the present review, we summarize the existing data about the potential positive and negative effects of insulin on the heart and attempt to answer the question whether any adverse effects of insulin or the consequences of hyperglycemia are more important and may provide a better explanation of the close association of DM with heart failure.

scholarly journals Epothilone D alters normal growth, viability and microtubule dependent intracellular functions of cortical neurons in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Clark ◽  
J. A. Chuckowree ◽  
M. S. Dyer ◽  
T. C. Dickson ◽  
C. A. Blizzard
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Epothilone D

scholarly journals The growth response of rice (Oryza sativa L. var. FARO 44) in vitro after inoculation with bacterial isolates from a typical ferruginous ultisol

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Saheed Ibrahim ◽  
Beckley Ikhajiagbe
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background Rice forms a significant portion of food consumed in most household worldwide. Rice production has been hampered by soil factors such as ferruginousity which has limited phosphorus availability; an important mineral component for the growth and yield of rice. The presence of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in soils has been reported to enhance phosphate availability. In view of this, the present study employed three bacteria species (BCAC2, EMBF2 and BCAF1) that were previously isolated and proved P solubilization capacities as inocula to investigate the growth response of rice germinants in an in vitro setup. The bacteria isolates were first identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and then applied as inoculum. The inolula were prepared in three concentrations (10, 7.5 and 5.0 ml) following McFarland standard. Viable rice (var. FARO 44) seeds were sown in petri dishes and then inoculated with the three inocula at the different concentrations. The setup was studied for 28 days. Results 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the isolates as: isolate BCAC2= Bacillus cereus strain GGBSU-1, isolate BCAF1= Proteus mirabilis strain TL14-1 and isolate EMBF2= Klebsiella variicola strain AUH-KAM-9. Significant improvement in rice germination, morphology, physiology and biomass parameters in the bacteria-inoculated setups was observed compared to the control. Germination percentage after 4 days was 100 % in the inoculated rice germinants compared to 65% in the control (NiS). Similarly, inoculation with the test isolates enhanced water-use efficiency by over 40%. The rice seedlings inoculated with Bacillus cereus strain GGBSU-1 (BiS) showed no signs of chlorosis and necrosis throughout the study period as against those inoculated with Proteus mirabilis strain TL14-1 (PiS) and Klebsiella variicola strain AUH-KAM-9 (KiS). Significant increase in chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and alpha amylase was observed in the rice seedlings inoculated with BiS as against the NiS. Conclusion Inoculating rice seeds with Bacillus cereus strain GGBSU-1, Proteus mirabilis strain TL14-1 and Klebsiella variicola strain AUH-KAM-9 in an in vitro media significantly improved growth parameters of the test plant. Bacillus cereus strain GGBSU-1 showed higher efficiency due to a more improved growth properties observed.

scholarly journals Ferroptosis contributes to isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and learning and memory impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Yetong Feng ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Guangsuo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractFerroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death, which is different from apoptosis and autophagic cell death. Recently, ferroptosis has been indicated to contribute to the in vitro neurotoxicity induced by isoflurane, which is one of the most common anesthetics in clinic. However, the in vivo position of ferroptosis in isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity as well as learning and memory impairment remains unclear. In this study, we mainly explored the relationship between ferroptosis and isoflurane-induced learning and memory, as well as the therapeutic methods in mouse model. Our results indicated that isoflurane induced the ferroptosis in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in hippocampus, the organ related with learning and memory ability. In addition, the activity of cytochrome c oxidase/Complex IV in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) was increased by isoflurane, which might further contributed to cysteine deprivation-induced ferroptosis caused by isoflurane exposure. More importantly, isoflurane-induced ferroptosis could be rescued by both ferroptosis inhibitor (ferrostatin-1) and mitochondria activator (dimethyl fumarate), which also showed effective therapeutic action against isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment. Taken together, our data indicate the close association among ferroptosis, mitochondria and isoflurane, and provide a novel insight into the therapy mode against isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment.

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