Forelimb regeneration in hypophysectomized adult Diemictylus viridescens following organ culture and autoplastic implantation of the adenohypophysis

Development ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-458
Author(s):  
Richard A. Liversage ◽  
Liina Liivamagi
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Sham Control ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Regenerative Activity

After autografting an organ-cultured anterior pituitary gland, maintained in culture for up to 27 days, into the tail or lower jaw of an hypophysectomized adult Diemictylus viridescens, the animals recovered and survived readily until fixation at 102 days (129 days post-hypophysectomy) and normal bilateral limb regeneration occurred. Also, restoration of normal skin colour, muscle tone, eating habits and behaviour was identical to control regenerate cases. In the sham control cases, a muscle fragment from the dismembered portion of the amputated left forelimb was placed in organ culture one day after hypophysectomy and then autografted into the host tail 7 days later. The majority of animals lived only up to 28 days post-hypophysectomy; they acquired the gross characteristics of adult hypophysectomized newts; and bilateral forelimb regeneration was thwarted. Newts that were hypophysectomized only, showed no gross signs of limb regeneration and died within 28 days. Organ culture and autoplastic implantation of the adenohypophysis permitted a study of the inhibition and then the concurrent restoration (left forelimb = old amputee) and initiation (right forelimb) of regenerative activity as well as normal advanced limb regeneration.

The relationship between the anterior pituitary gland and the pancreas in tail regeneration of the adult newt

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-426
Author(s):  
Swani Vethamany-Globus ◽  
Richard A. Liversage
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Tail Regeneration ◽  
Adult Newt ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
The Relationship

Histological examination of the amputated tails of 17 hypophysectomized newts revealed abnormal and extremely retarded regenerates; four of them exhibited total inhibition of regeneration. Thus, under the conditions of hypophysectomy, normal tail regeneration does not ensue in the adult Diemictylus viridescens. Also, hypophysectomy adversely affects the normal histology of both the endocrine and exocrine parts of the pancreas, as observed by the atrophy of the gland in all hypophysectomized cases. Presumably, the normal function of the gland was altered. This relationship between hypophysectomy and the atrophic pancreas suggests a possible involvement of the pancreas in tail and limb regeneration in the adult newt.

THE EFFECT OF GONADOTROPHIC HORMONES ON YOUNG RAT OVARIES GROWN IN ORGAN CULTURE

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
DESANKA PAVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Young Rat ◽  
Lung And Kidney

SUMMARY The influence of the anterior pituitary gland on young rat ovaries in culture was studied by explanting the two organs together. As controls ovaries were grown together with fragments of lung and kidney. The effect of the anterior pituitary was compared with that of the addition, in various concentrations, of pure FSH and of 'Gestyl' to the culture medium of organ cultures of ovaries. In control explants the number and size of the larger actively growing oocytes increased. The preservation of the germinal epithelium depended on the presence of the ovarian capsule and on the size of the periovarian space. The anterior pituitary stimulated the proliferation of follicular and stromal cells and induced the formation of more large follicles. This effect increased with pituitaries taken from older animals and when less medium was used for the cultures. In all concentrations used FSH caused the disappearance of the oocytes from growing and from primordial follicles. In the higher concentration used 'Gestyl' only induced hypertrophy in cells of the germinal epithelium in a few explants and was otherwise ineffective.

Effects of estrogens on the characteristics of [3H]spiroperidol and [3H]RU24213 binding in rat anterior pituitary gland and brain

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thérèse Di Paolo ◽  
Réjean Carmichael ◽  
Fernand Labrie ◽  
Jean-Pierre Raynaud
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland

Prolactin secretion and dopamine receptors of the MtTW15 transplantable pituitary tumour

1982 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Cronin ◽  
D. A. Keefer ◽  
C. A. Valdenegro ◽  
L. G. Dabney ◽  
R. M. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Tumour ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Dopamine Antagonist ◽  
Cell Column ◽  
Prolactin Release

The MtTW15 transplantable pituitary tumour grown in rats was tested in vitro for the ability of dopamine agonists to affect prolactin secretion and for the existence of dopamine receptors. Prolactin release from enzymatically dispersed cells and non-enzymatically treated tissue fragments of both the tumour and the anterior pituitary gland was determined in a cell perifusion column apparatus. Dopamine (0·1–5 μmol/l), bromocriptine (50 nmol/l) and the dopamine antagonist haloperidol (100 nmol/l) had no effect on prolactin release from the tumour cells. In contrast, dopamine (500 nmol/l) inhibited prolactin secretion from normal anterior pituitary cells in a parallel cell column and haloperidol blocked this inhibition. Although oestrogen treatment in vivo stimulated prolactin release in vitro when the tumour was removed and studied in the cell column, oestrogen had no effect on the inability of dopamine to modify the prolactin secretion. Growth hormone release from the tumour cells was not affected by dopamine. Although MtTW15 cells were refractory to dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin release, the dopamine receptors present in tumour homogenates were indistinguishable from the dopamine receptors previously defined in the normal anterior pituitary gland. The binding of the dopamine antagonist [3H]spiperone to the tumour was saturable (110 fmol/mg protein), of high affinity to one apparent class of sites (dissociation constant = 0·12 nmol/l), reversible and sensitive to guanine nucleotides. The pharmacology of the binding was defined in competition studies with a large number of agonists and antagonists. From the order of potency of these agents, a dopaminergic interaction was apparent. We conclude that the prolactin-secreting MtTW15 tumour cells appear to be completely unresponsive to dopamine or to the potent dopamine agonist bromocriptine, in spite of apparently normal dopamine receptors in the tumour.

Effect of hypothalamic neuropeptides on corticotrophin release from quarters of rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro

1984 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Nicholson ◽  
T. E. Adrian ◽  
B. Gillham ◽  
M. T. Jones ◽  
S. R. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Corticotrophin Releasing Factor ◽  
Basal Release

ABSTRACT The effect of six hypothalamic peptides on the basal release of ACTH and that induced by arginine vasopressin (AVP) or by ovine corticotrophin releasing factor (oCRF) from fragments of the rat anterior pituitary gland incubated in vitro was investigated. Dose–response curves to AVP and to oCRF were obtained, and the response to a low dose of oCRF was potentiated by a low dose of AVP. Basal release of ACTH was not affected by any of the peptides in concentrations in the range 10−12 to 10−6 mol/l, and only substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SRIF) inhibited significantly the response to oCRF in a dose-related manner. The responses to a range of doses of oCRF or AVP were reduced by 10−8 and 10 − 6 mol SP or SRIF/1, and to a greater extent by the higher dose. Except in the case of 10−6 mol SRIF/1 on the response to AVP, the response was not further diminished by preincubation of the tissue with the peptide before the stimulating agent was added. The inhibition of the responses to AVP or oCRF by 10−9 mol SP/1 was not potentiated by its combination with either 5 × 10−10 or 10−8 mol SRIF/1; the inhibitory effects were merely additive. The results suggest that although SRIF and SP are able to modulate the release of ACTH from the anterior pituitary gland, they do so only at a high concentration. In the case of SRIF these concentrations are several orders of magnitude higher than those reported to be present in the hypophysial portal blood and therefore a physiological role for this peptide in the control of ACTH secretion is unlikely. J. Endocr. (1984) 100, 219–226

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