Organ-culture studies of achondroplastic rabbit cartilage: evidence for a metabolic defect in glucose utilization

Development ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-363
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Shepard
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
14Co2 Evolution ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Metabolic Defect ◽  
Rabbit Cartilage ◽  
Achondroplastic Dwarf

Organ-culture studies were made using cartilage from achondroplastic (dwarf) rabbits (ac/ac) and their phenotypically normal litter-mates. A significantly higher incorporation of 14C from glucose and galactose was measured in the dwarf; incorporation of 35S from sulfate and 3H from thymidine was equal in the two types of explant. Also, 14CO2 and [14C]lactate production from glucose by the dwarf cartilage was increased. No difference in the ratio of 14CO2 evolution from [1-14C]- and [6-14C]glucose was found between the two cartilage types. Explants of dwarf cartilage utilized more glucose from the medium than did the controls. Radioautographs of tissue sections from the explants showed an increased number of grains from [14C]glucose overlying the dwarf cartilage, and this difference was particularly great over the central portions of cartilage. The proportion of 14C grains from glucose was greater over the dwarf nuclei, less over the dwarf matrix and equal over the cytoplasm of the two tissues. Grain counts of sulfate and of thymidine did not differ in the two types of cartilage.

Effect of perfusate glucose concentration on rat lung glycolysis.

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (3) ◽  
pp. E229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Kerr ◽  
N J Baker ◽  
D J Bassett ◽  
A B Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Exogenous Glucose ◽  
Low Glucose ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Endogenous Substrates ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the relationship between perfusate concentration of glucose and its utilization and lactate production derived from exogenous glucose and from metabolism of endogenous substrates. Isolated rat lungs were ventilated with 5% CO2 in air and perfused for 100 min with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 3% bovine serum albumin, 10(-2) U/ml insulin, [U-14C]glucose and [5-3H]glucose. Glucose utilization, total lactate production, [14C]lactate production, and 3H2O production were measured. The apparent Km and Vmax for glucose utilization were 3.4 mM and 72.5 mumol/g dry wt per h, respectively. Lactate production from endogenous substrates, calculated as the difference between total and [14C]lactate, was 37.6 +/- 2.2 mumol/g dry wt (n = 36); it was unaffected by perfusate glucose concentration and by omission of insulin, but increased threefold with anoxia. Lactate production from 1.5 mM glucose was significantly less (P less than 0.02) with insulin omitted. Glycogen content was unchanged during perfusion without glucose. These results suggest that: 1) protein catabolism contributes to lung lactate production; 2) glucose utilization by lung is not maximal at resting physiological glucose concentrations; and 3) insulin is required at low glucose concentrations for maximal glycolytic rates.

Organ culture studies on adenoviruses isolated from Tenosynovitis in chickens

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Georgiou ◽  
R.C. Jones ◽  
J.R.M. Guneratne
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Culture Studies

scholarly journals Lactate production is the major metabolic fate of glucose in splenocytes and is altered in spontaneously diabetic BB rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 272 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Field ◽  
G Wu ◽  
M D Métroz-Dayer ◽  
M Montambault ◽  
E B Marliss
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Con A ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Immunological Activation ◽  
Proliferation Of Lymphocytes ◽  
Lactate And Pyruvate

Enhanced glucose metabolism is necessary to support the activation and proliferation of lymphocytes. To define further quantitatively the metabolic fates of glucose and assess glucose utilization both in normal cells and in an autoimmune disease with abnormal lymphocytes, [U-14C]glucose conversion into 14CO2 and the production of lactate and pyruvate were measured in splenocytes. Cells from non-diabetes-prone (BBn) and spontaneously diabetic (BBd) rats were studied both freshly isolated ‘resting’ and cultured for 96 h with and without concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation. (1) Lactate was confirmed to be the major end product in both freshly isolated (53% of utilized glucose) and unstimulated cultured (62% of utilized glucose) cells from BBn animals studied at (2-8) x 10(6) cells/ml concentration. The use of concentrations from 10 x 10(6) to 300 x 10(6) cells/ml resulted in progressively less lactate production per 10(6) splenocytes. (2) Cells from BBd animals after stimulation with Con A incorporated less [3H]thymidine and produced significantly less lactate (155 +/- 14 versus 305 +/- 24 nmol/2 h per 10(6) cells) than did BBn cells (P less than 0.05). (3) However, more lactate (101 +/- 8 versus 78 +/- 6 nmol/5 h per 10(6) cells) was produced by ‘resting’ cells from BBd animals compared with BBn (P less than 0.03), and this difference was sustained after 4 days in culture. (4) Significantly greater amounts of pyruvate were produced by BBd than by BBn cells, particularly when stimulated with Con A, suggesting an alteration in the availability of reducing equivalents in BBd cells. (5) These results are consistent with prior metabolic as well as immunological ‘activation’ of cells in vivo in the BB diabetic animals.

scholarly journals Organ Culture Studies of Pehmphigus Antibodies

1977 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L Barnett ◽  
Ernst H Beutner ◽  
Tadeusz P Chorzelski
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Culture Studies

scholarly journals Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in lymphoid tissue. Quantitative aspects of [U-14C]glucose oxidation by rat spleen slices

1975 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Suter ◽  
M J Weidemann
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Glycolytic Metabolism ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Nadh Ratio ◽  
Regulation Of Carbohydrate Metabolism

When washed spleen slices from fed rats are incubated with 3 mm-[U-14C]glucose, the rate of glucose utilization (46.2 mumol/h per g dry wt.) is sufficient to account, theoretically, for 80% of the O2 consumption. Measurement of net lactate production, however, and the fate of the radioactive carbon, indicates that the contribution of glucose to the respiratory fuel of the tissue is only 25-30% whereas 60-70% of the glucose utilized is converted into lactate. At saturating glucose concentrations (above 5 mm) its contribution to the respiratory fuel of the slice is increased to a maximum value of 34-39%. Only 2% of the glucose utilized is metabolized via the oxidative steps of the pentose phosphate pathway. Starvation for 72 h marginally increases both the rate of glucose utilization (by 21%) and its net contribution to the respiratory fuel (by 29%). Insulin, glucagon, adrenaline and adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate have no significant effect on either the rate of glucose utilization or on the pattern of radioactive isotope distribution. The uptake of glucose is increased by only 20%, whereas the production of lactate doubles when slices are incubated under anaerobic conditions. In assessing the suitability of spleen slices for metabolic studies, the only serious major perturbation, compared with the freeze-clamped organ, is an elevated mitochondrial [NAD+]/[NADH] ratio (connected with increased endogenous NH3 production) that is partially restored to normal values on incubation with glucose. Equal proportions of erythrocytes and leucocytes are found in the washed spleen slice. Metabolic contributions of the constituent cell populations in the washed slice are calculated and it is concluded that lymphocytes account for the major part of the glycolytic metabolism (80-90%), whereas the contribution of erythrocytes is insignificant.

Effect of chronic sulfonylurea treatment on the myocardium of insulin-dependent diabetic rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1481-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood S. Mozaffari ◽  
Glenn L. Wilson ◽  
Stephen W. Schaffer
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Heart ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Insulin Responsiveness ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic

Adult rats treated with high doses of streptozocin became progressively more hyperglycemic during the first month of the diabetic condition. Treatment of these rats with the sulfonylurea glyburide halted, and in some cases, reversed this process in a high percentage of the diabetics. Associated with the glyburide-mediated improvement in fasting blood glucose levels was an increase in myocardial glucose utilization and lactate production. The stimulation of myocardial glucose utilization by insulin was greater in glyburide-treated hearts, indicating that the hyperglycemic agent increased insulin responsiveness. The sulfonylurea also partially restored insulin sensitivity to the normal range. In agreement with previous studies, myocardial mechanical function was significantly impaired in the diabetic heart. When treated with glyburide, the severity of the mechanical defect was significantly less. The sulfonylurea also promoted an increase in myosin ATPase activity and a shift in the myosin isozyme pattern in favour of the most active V1 form. These results imply that glyburide therapy can provide benefit to the diabetic heart by improving energy metabolism and promoting a shift in myosin towards the most active form.

Immune responses to gliadin but not to avenin in organ culture studies of coeliac biopsies

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A396-A396
Author(s):  
C KILMARTIN ◽  
S LYNCH ◽  
M ABUZAKOUK ◽  
C FEIGHERY
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Culture Studies
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