Steroid control of the normal development of glutamine synthetase in the embryonic chick retina

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-737
Author(s):  
R. Piddington
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Chick Retina ◽  
Study Case

Glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in the neural retina of the chick embryo is inducible with corticosteroids (Moscona & Piddington, 1966; Piddington, 1967; Moscona, Saenz & Moscona, 1967; Moscona, Moscona & Saenz, 1968; Alescio & Moscona, 1969). Striking increases in retinal GS activity can be elicited with hydrocortisone in ovo days in advance of the normal rapid rise of this enzyme (Piddington & Moscona, 1967). Rapid increases in GS activity can also be induced precociously with corticosteroids in organ cultures of young retina (Piddington & Moscona, 1967; Reif-Lehrer & Amos, 1968). The natural steroids most effective in stimulating retinal GS activities in vitro are the 11ß-hydroxyl steroids hydrocortisone, corticosterone and aldosterone (Moscona & Piddington, 1967; Reif-Lehrer, 1968). The effectiveness of corticosteroids in promoting premature changes in retinal GS suggests that the steroidogenic activity of the intact adrenals might control the normal pattern of GS development in the retina. A previous study (Case, 1952) indicates that the normal growth and maturation of the chick adrenal becomes dependent on endogenous corticotropin after the 15th day of embryonic development.

scholarly journals Glutamine synthetase localization in cortisol-induced chick embryo retinas.

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
M D Norenberg ◽  
K Dutt ◽  
L Reif-Lehrer
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Immunohistochemical Technique ◽  
Cell Localization ◽  
Chick Retina ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
First Time

We report here for the first time, in chick retina, Muller cell localization of glutamine synthetase (GS) activity by an immunohistochemical technique, in agreement with previous reports of glial localization of this enzyme in rat brain and retina. Age-dependent changes in the endogenous enzyme activity as well as cortisol-induced changes in GS activity, both in ovo and in vitro, measured biochemically, reflect the changes observed by staining.

Quick freeze-deep etch analysis of microfilaments in the circumferential bundle of retinal pigmented epithelial cells M vitro

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Ryuji Kodama ◽  
Goro Eguchi ◽  
Robert O. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Rpe Cells ◽  
Chick Retina ◽  
Lens Cell ◽  
Culture Environment ◽  
Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells

Pigmented epithelial cells from embryonic chick retina can transdifferentiate in vitro to express either pigmented (RPE) or lens cell (LC) phenotypes in response to alterations in the external culture environment. These observations suggest that the dedifferentiated phenotype of RPE cells is, at least, bipotential and that expression of either of two differentiated phenotypes is mediated by the cell surface and the associated cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals In vitro stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in immature embryonic chick pelvic cartilage by adenosine

1982 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Burch ◽  
HE Lebovitz
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Stimulation Of

Cyclic AMP content in embryonic chick pelvic cartilage increases significantly as the embryo ages from 8 to 10 d. This in ovo elevation in cyclic AMP content precedes maximal cartilage alkaline phosphatase activity by some 24 h. We studied whether this temporal relationship may be causally related, using an in vitro organ culture. Incubation of pelvic cartilage from 9- and 10-d embryos in medium containing monobutyryl cyclic AMP (BtcAMP) resulted in significant increases in alkaline phosphatase activity (220 and 66 percent, respectively) as compared to that of cartilages incubated in medium alone. This stimulation was both concentration- and time-dependent with maximal response at 0.5 mM BtcAMP and 4-h incubation, respectively. Similar incubations of cartilage in medium containing 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine (MIX), 0.25 mM, also resulted in increased alkaline phosphatase activity (114 percent). However, pelvic cartilage from 11-d embryos incubated in medium containing BtcAMP or MIX showed no increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. We postulated that developmental age was the factor responsible for this difference in response and that immature cartilage (that with little or no alkaline phosphatase activity) would respond to BtcAMP whereas mature cartilage (that with significant alkaline phosphatase activity) would not. This was tested by incubating end sections of 11-d cartilage, which have little alkaline phosphatase activity, and center sections, which have significantly alkaline phosphatase activity, with both BtcAMP and MIX. Alkaline phosphatase activity in end sections (immature cartilage) was stimulated by BtcAMP and MIX, whereas it was not stimulated in the center sections. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide inhibited BtcAMP and MIX stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity. Thus, the in vitro data suggest that cyclic AMP is a mediator for the stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in embryonic cartilage.

Adhesive selectivity is exhibited in vitro by cells from adjacent tissues of the embryonic chick retina

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
T.E. Buultjens ◽  
J.G. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Neural Retina ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Chick Retina ◽  
Topographical Distribution ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Modest Degree ◽  
Single Organ

Cells from anatomically remote organs of developing embryos do not normally encounter one another. If intercellular adhesive selectivity has a role in determining or maintaining the position of cells in organs, it should be exhibited between cells which are found in close proximity within a single organ. To test this hypothesis, a collecting cell-sheet assay for intercellular adhesive selectivity has been applied to cells from 3 layers of the retina of the embryonic chick. The finding of a modest degree of selectivity of adhesion between cells from the neural retina and choroid supports the hypothesis. The observed selective low adhesiveness for self of the upper surface of pigmented retina epithelium emphasizes the likely morphogenetic significance of the topographical distribution of intercellular adhesiveness.

scholarly journals In Ovo Electroporation in Embryonic Chick Retina

10.3791/3792 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Islam ◽  
Sung Tae Doh ◽  
Li Cai
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Chick Retina
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