Fate of primordial germ cells in the transplanted hind gut of mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-510
Author(s):  
Wacław Ożdżeński
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Hind Gut

During normal development of the mouse embryo, primordial germ cells (PGCs) differentiate in the root of the allantois and in the hind region of the embryo, then pass to the hind gut and through the mesentery to reach the germinal ridges (Chiquoine, 1954; Bennett, 1956; Mintz & Russell, 1957; Mintz, 1957; Ożdżeński, 1967). The number of PGCs increases greatly during migration (Chiquoine, 1954; Mintz & Russell, 1957). After penetrating into the gonads PGCs continue to divide mitotically for a certain time, then undergo changes which differ in each sex: the meiotic prophase begins in the ovaries (Brambell, 1927; Borum, 1961), gonial divisions are arrested in the testes and the chromatin in the nuclei of the germ cells undergoes characteristic dispersion. The behaviour of germ cells in the male embryos of the mouse is similar to that described by Clermont & Perey (1957) and Beaumont & Mandl (1963) in the rat.

Behaviour of mouse primordial germ cells in the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Teresa Rogulska ◽  
Wacław Ożdżeński ◽  
Aldona Komar
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Histochemical Technique ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Host Tissues

Hind guts of 9½-day mouse embryos were transplanted into the posterior part of the coelomic cavity of 2½-day chick embryos. The hosts were sacrificed after 1-7 days and the mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the graft and in the surrounding host tissues were searched for by means of the histochemical technique for alkaline phosphatase. Altogether 94 grafts were examined. During the first 3 days of intracoelomic development of the graft accumulations of mouse PGCs close to the mesonephros, the mesentery or the gonad of a chick embryo were observed in 26 out of 51 cases. In 12 grafts single PGCs crossed the boundary between the host and the graft and settled in host tissues such as the mesonephros, the mesentery or the gonad. After 3 days mouse PGCs are no longer visible in the chick tissues. However, the number of PGCs in the grafts also gradually decreases and from the 4th day onwards many of the grafts contain no PGCs. The ability of mouse PGCs to survive extragonadally, even in the embryonic hind gut, is thus limited. In some of the 4- to 7-day-old grafts PGCs occur on the periphery of the graft in the form of single aggregations. From the 6th day the only PGCs which survive are those in aggregations. The experiments indicate that the gonads, together with adjacent tissues (mesonephros, mesentery) of a chick embryo are attractive to mouse primordial germ cells and that the hypothetical attractive substance is not species specific.

Developmental expression of c-kit, a proto-oncogene encoded by the W locus

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Orr-Urtreger ◽  
A. Avivi ◽  
Y. Zimmer ◽  
D. Givol ◽  
Y. Yarden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Male Germ Line ◽  
Polypeptide Growth Factors ◽  
Adult Ovary

Developmental expression of the c-kit proto-oncogene, a receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the W locus, was investigated by in situ hybridization in normal mouse embryos. Early after implantation transcripts were detectable only in the maternal placenta (6 1/2-7 1/2 days p.c.). Subsequently (8 1/2 days p.c.) numerous ectodermal (neural tube, sensory placodes) and endodermal (embryonic gut) derivatives expressed c-kit. Later transcripts were detected also in the blood islands of the yolk sac and in the embryonic liver, the main sites of embryonic hemopoiesis. Around midgestation, transcripts accumulated in the branchial pouches and also in primordial germ cells of the genital ridges. This complex pattern of expression remained characteristic also later in gestation, when c-kit was expressed in highly differentiated structures of the craniofacial area, in presumptive melanoblasts and in the CNS. In the adult ovary, maternal c-kit transcripts were detected. They were present in the oocytes of both immature and mature ovarian follicles, but not in the male germ line, where c-kit expression may be down regulated. Thus, c-kit activity is complex and appears in multiple tissues including those that also display defects in mutations at the W locus where c-kit is encoded. Correlation between W phenotypes and c-kit expression, as well as the regulation of the complex and multiple expression of polypeptide growth factors and receptors, is discussed.

Sex differentiation of germ cells in the teleost, Oryzias latipes, during normal embryonic development

Development ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-395
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Satoh ◽  
Nobuo Egami
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Normal Embryonic Development

Mitotic and meiotic activities of germ cells during early development in the medaka, Oryzias latipes, are dealt with in this report. Primordial germ cells were obviously distinguishable from somatic cells 3 days after fertilization and began to proliferate about 7 days after fertilization. The mean number of primordial germ cells increased during a period of 7–10 days after fertilization, reaching about 90 immediately before hatching. Newly hatched fry could be classified into two types according to the number and the nucleic activity of germ cells in the gonadal rudiment. One type consisted of fry containing about 100 germ cells and no cells in the meiotic prophase. In the other type of fry the number of germ cells increased by mitotic divisions and some of the cells began to enter into the meiotic prophase. During the course of further development the fry of the former type differentiated into males and the latter into females. Therefore it can be concluded that the morphological sex differentiation of germ cells occurs at the time of hatching. However, no sexual differences in the histological structure of somatic elements in the gonad are observable at that time.

scholarly journals Bmp4 is required for the generation of primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Lawson ◽  
N. R. Dunn ◽  
B. A.J. Roelen ◽  
L. M. Zeinstra ◽  
A. M. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells

scholarly journals NUP50 is necessary for the survival of primordial germ cells in mouse embryos

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunsook Park ◽  
Bobae Lee ◽  
Bruce E Clurman ◽  
Keesook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Nuclear Pore Complex ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
And Function ◽  
Deficient Mice

Nucleoporin 50 kDa (NUP50), a component of the nuclear pore complex, is highly expressed in male germ cells, but its role in germ cells is largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression and function of NUP50 during the embryonic development of germ cells using NUP50-deficient mice. NUP50 was expressed in germ cells of both sexes at embryonic day 15.5 (E15.5), E13.5, and E12.5. In addition, NUP50 expression was also detected in primordial germ cells (PGCs) migrating into the genital ridges at E9.5. The gonads of Nup50−/− embryos of both sexes contained few PGCs at both E11.5 and E12.5 and no developing germ cells at E15.5. The migratory PGCs in Nup50−/− embryos at E9.5 showed increased apoptosis but a normal rate of proliferation, resulting in the progressive loss of germ cells at later stages. Taken together, these results suggest that NUP50 plays an essential role in the survival of PGCs during embryonic development.

Experimental studies on the role of ‘polar granules’ in the segregation of pole cells in Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-399
Author(s):  
Bożenna Jazdowska-Zagrodzińska
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Track Formation ◽  
Polar Granules ◽  
Pole Cells ◽  
Pole Plasm

The early differentiation of germ cells is a common phenomenon in the animal kingdom. Insects are of special interest in this respect, as the differentiation of their primordial germ cells occurs in very early stages of cleavage (Kahle, 1908; Hegner, 1914; Reitberger, 1934; Kraczkiewicz, 1935, 1936) and the structure of the ooplasm enables relatively convenient observation of the phenomenon of germ track formation. The ooplasm is differentiated in that the posterior end of the egg contains the so-called ‘pole plasm’ in which there are easily visible inclusions quite different from yolk, though staining similarly with haematoxylin. Such inclusions are not noted in other parts of the egg. In the course of normal development the region containing granules and pole plasm always detaches, producing the primordial germ cells. During the separation of the primordial germ cells, also called pole cells, all these granules become included in their cytoplasm, and the main body of ooplasm is left devoid of them.

Proliferation and migration of primordial germ cells during compensatory growth in mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
P. P. L. Tam ◽  
M. H. L. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Embryonic Life ◽  
And Migration

Primitive-streak-stage mouse embryos were treated with Mitomycin C injected intraperitoneally into pregnant females at 6·75–7·0 days post coitum. The newborn mice developed poorly and mortality was high during the suckling period. Many weaned survivors showed impaired fertility and poor breeding performance. Histological examination revealed a paucity of germ cells in the adult gonads. The deficiency was mainly caused by a severe reduction of the primordial germ cell population in early embryonic life, which was not fully compensated for during the compensatory growth phase of the Mitomycin C-treated embryo. Also contributing to such impaired fertility were retarded migration of the primordial germ cells into the genital ridges, poor development of the foetal gonad and secondary loss of the germ cells during gametogenesis in males.

Interactions between primordial germ cells play a role in their migration in mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gomperts ◽  
M. Garcia-Castro ◽  
C. Wylie ◽  
J. Heasman
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Embryonic Antigen ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Extraembryonic Mesoderm ◽  
Dorsal Mesentery

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the founder cell population of the gametes which form during the sexually mature stage of the life cycle. In the mouse, they arise early in embryogenesis, first becoming visible in the extraembryonic mesoderm, posterior to the primitive streak, at 7.5 days post coitum (d.p.c.). They subsequently become incorporated into the epithelium of the hind gut, from which they emigrate (9.5 d.p.c.) and move first into the dorsal mesentery (10.5 d.p.c.), and then into the genital ridges that lie on the dorsal body wall (11.5 d.p.c.). We have used confocal microscopy to study PGCs stained with an antibody that reacts with a carbohydrate antigen (Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-1, SSEA-1) carried on the PGC surface. This allows the study of the whole PGC surface, at different stages of their migration. The appearance of PGCs in tissue sections has given rise to the conventional view that they migrate as individuals, each arriving in turn at the genital ridge. In this paper, we show that PGCs leave the hind gut independently, but then extend long (up to 40 microns) processes, with which they link up to each other to form extensive networks. During the 10.5-11.5 d.p.c. period, these networks of PGCs aggregate into groups of tightly apposed cells in the genital ridges. As this occurs, their processes are lost, and their appearance suggests they are now non-motile. Furthermore, we find that PGCs taken from the dorsal mesentery at 10.5 d.p.c. perform the same sequence of movements in culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document