scholarly journals Magnitude and pattern of compensatory growth in rats after cold exposure

Development ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-416
Author(s):  
Marjorie M. C. Lee ◽  
P. C. Chu ◽  
H. C. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Common Observation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Favorable Conditions

It is a common observation that normal growth is affected or suppressed in young individuals by environmental adversities and physical disturbances. On the other hand, when health or favorable conditions are restored, the tempo of growth promptly accelerates as if the individual is trying to make up for the growth debt incurred. Tanner has referred to this increased growth rate after diseases or starvation as compensatory or ‘catch-up’ growth, a topic on which he has written eloquently and fully in a number of articles (1963 a, b). He considers this compensatory growth as a ‘self-stabilizing’ or ‘target-seeking’ phenomenon in the regulatory control of growth. Growth of young rats is slowed by severe cold and increased by warmth (Heroux & Gridgeman, 1958; Chevillard, Portet & Cadot, 1963). The aim of the present investigation is to show the magnitude and pattern of compensatory growth in rats after single and repeated cold exposures; to evaluate age differentials in this response; and to study the pattern and relative rate of compensatory growth in the various bony segments of the appendages.

Statural development parallels IGFI levels in subjects of constitutionally variant stature

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Binoux ◽  
Micheline Gourmelen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Igf I ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. Using a protein-binding assay which measures mainly IGF I, serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) were determined in 263 children and adolescents of constitutionally variant stature but with normal GH secretion following provocative stimuli. A positive correlation was found between height age and the logarithm of IGF levels (r = 0.67, P < 0.001). Furthermore, a correlation was found in the tall and short subjects as a group between the ratio of IGF/normal IGF for age and between the ratio of growth rate/normal growth rate for age (r = 0.53, P < 0.001). Subjects were compared at the same stage of development. At a given bone age or stage of puberty, tall subjects had significantly higher IGF levels than short subjects (P < 0.005). After the completion of growth, IGF levels in both short and tall subjects stabilized within the normal range. Nevertheless, their mean levels remained significantly different (P < 0.001). Our results suggest that in normal children and adolescents, differences in IGF I secretion may be at least partially responsible for the individual differences in growth.

scholarly journals COMPENSATORY GROWTH OF Oreochromis niloticus SELECTED STRAIN FROM BOGOR, WEST JAVA

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Vitas Atmadi Prakoso ◽  
Kurniawan Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Effective Strategies

Inefficient feed management strategy in aquaculture will increase the fish production cost. One of the most effective strategies to solve this problem is through a better understanding of the compensatory growth of cultured fish. O. niloticus BEST tilapia strain (total length: 7.23 ± 0.11 cm mean ± SD; Body weight: 7.04 ± 0.08 g mean ± SD) were reared in aquariums at 26.3 ± 1.4oC for 10 weeks. During the experiment, the control group was fed twice a day. The other two groups were deprived of food for one and two weeks and then fed twice a day during refeeding period. At the end of the experiment, the fish deprived for one week had a body weight, biomass and specific growth rate that were not significantly different from the control group. The body weight, biomass and specific growth rate of fish deprived for two weeks were significantly lower than the other groups. This study revealed that concentrations of ash and lower concentrations of protein and lipid on the deprived groups were higher compared to those without feed deprivation. Mortality of fish was lower than 9% and not significantly different among the treatments. Fish aggressive behavior was the main reason for injuries and death. Given the results, BEST tilapia strain was only able to reach complete growth compensation not longer than one week deprivation period. The results of the present study could be applied as basic information for further research on feeding management of BEST tilapia strain. 

On the issue of legal guarantees for employees during public or public duties

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Alexander Іanushkevych
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Problem setting. The article analyzes the features of legal guarantees provided for employees during the performance of state or public duties, considers their essence and significance. It is concluded that their presence, on the one hand, contributes to the quality and effective performance of their duties by a citizen, on the other – ensures the appropriate level of legality and compliance with c urrent regulations. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Some aspects of legal guarantees of labor rights in their publications covered the following scientists: S.Ya. Vavzhenchuk, T.M. Zavorotchenko, M.I. Inshin, V.L. Kostyuk, N.V. Kokhan, O.I. Protsevsky, O.A. Sytnytska, O.M. Yaroshenko, and others. The purpose of the article is to analyze the legal guarantees for employees during the performance of state or public duties, to reveal their essence and meaning. Article’s main body. The article is noted that the guarantees established by the state for employees during the performance of state or public duties (preservation of the place of work (position) and salary) are special protective equipment that supports and protects the employee in cases where he for reasons recognized by law respectable, did not work. The above-mentioned labor guarantees, which ensure the realization of the rights granted to employees, are both intangible (for example, preservation of the place of work, position) and material (preservation of average earnings). The purpose of the sums of money paid during this time is to en sure the preservation of the average earnings of the employee (in whole or in part), as well as to prevent the loss of these earnings. Thus, they are a form of realization of a legal guarantee of the right of employees to prevent the reduction or loss of their income and provide it by preserving the wages of employees, have a material nature. It is noted that the important role of the state in this matter. Whereas, in enshrining the rights and freedoms of the individual in law, he must undertake certain obligations to create favorable conditions for their effective provision: to provide citizens with real opportunities for the practical exercise of their rights and freedoms; to protect the rights and freedoms of the person from possible illegal encroachments; to protect the rights and freedoms of the person in case of their illegal violation. Conclusions and prospects for the development. After analyzing the features of legal guarantees provided for employees during the performance of state or public duties, we can note their importance and significance, especially today. Their presence, on the one hand, contributes to the quality and effective performance of their duties by a citizen, on the other hand, ensures the appropriate level of legality and compliance with the provisions of applicable regulations.

scholarly journals Experimental demonstration of the growth rate–lifespan trade-off

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1752) ◽  
pp. 20122370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Who-Seung Lee ◽  
Pat Monaghan ◽  
Neil B. Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Median Lifespan ◽  
Catch Up

The hypothesized negative relationship between growth rate and lifespan has proved very difficult to test robustly because of potentially confounding variables, particularly nutrient availability and final size. Here we provide, to our knowledge, the first rigorous experimental test of this hypothesis, and find dramatic changes in lifespan in the predicted direction in response to both upward and downward manipulations of growth rates. We used brief (less than 4% of median lifespan) exposure to relatively cold or warm temperatures early in life to deflect juvenile three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus from their normal growth trajectories; this induced catch-up or slowed-down growth when ambient temperatures were restored, and all groups attained the same average adult size. Catch-up growth led to a reduction in median lifespan of 14.5 per cent, while slowed-down growth extended lifespan by 30.6 per cent. These lifespan effects were independent of eventual size attained or reproductive investment in adult life. Photoperiod manipulations showed that the effects of compensatory growth on lifespan were also influenced by time available for growth prior to breeding, being more extreme when less time was available. These results demonstrate the growth–lifespan trade-off. While growing more slowly can increase longevity, the optimal resolution of the growth–lifespan trade-off is influenced by time constraints in a seasonal environment.

scholarly journals A Biological Study of Fucus Vesiculosus L. and F. Serratus L.

1950 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margery Knight ◽  
Mary Parke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Rough Water

A certain variation in level of the fucoid zone with latitude is demonstrated. The belt of Fucus vesiculosus and F. serratus lies lower on the Devon coast than on either the Manx or the Argyll coast.The conditions for the optimum germination of fertilized eggs are dissimilar to those for maximum rate of frond-extension.Normal growth-rates have been established for both species for the first 3 years of life. In F. vesiculosus the average rate of elongation per week is 0·48 cm. on the Devon coast, 0·45 cm. on the Manx coast and 0·68 cm. on the Argyll coast. In F. serratus the average rate of elongation per week is 0·49 cm. on the Devon coast, 0·68 cm. on the Manx coast and 0·85 cm. on the Argyll coast. The rate of growth is shown to vary with the conditions of the environment. Shelter from rough water tends to enhance growth-rate, and there is an indication that greater stature is achieved by the plants from the Argyll station than from either of the other stations.

A dual site growth model of gallium arsenide epitaxial layers from the gas phase

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131-1159
Author(s):  
Emerich Erdös ◽  
Jindřich Leitner ◽  
Petr Voňka ◽  
Josef Stejskal ◽  
Přemysl Klíma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gallium Arsenide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rate Controlling Step ◽  
Dual Site

For a quantitative description of the epitaxial growth rate of gallium arsenide, a model is proposed including two rate controlling steps. One of these steps is the diffusion of gaseous components between the gas phase and the epitaxial layer surface, and the other step is of chemical nature, i.e. either the surface reaction or adsorption or desorption of one of the gaseous components. In the model considered, an active dual site is involved in the second rate controlling step, and twelve mechanisms are proposed for which the pertinent rate equations are derived. The individual mechanisms differ one from the other not only by the kind of the rate controlling step but also by the occupation of the dual site, viz. in the both direct and reversed direction. The proposed model is confronted with the dependences of the growth rate on partial pressures of components in the feed found by experiment. The results are discussed with regard to the possibility of individual mechanisms and of the model as a whole, and also with respect to their applicability and to the direction of further investigations.

Evaluation of beef breeds for rangeland weaner production in Zimbabwe 2. Productivity of crossbred cows and heterosis estimates

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. R. Tawonezvi ◽  
H. K. Ward ◽  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
D. Light
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Productivity Indices ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Zebu Cows

ABSTRACTCrossbred cows were evaluated for reproductive performance and live weight, and for pre-weaning growth and viability of progeny sired by seven unrelated breeds. They were also evaluated on overall productivity expressed as weight of weaned calf per cow mated per year, per 100 kg of cow per year and per 100 kg metabolic weight of cow per year. The cows comprised reciprocals of Africander with Mashona, Nkone, Brahman and Sussex, one-way crosses sired by Sussex out of Mashona, Nkone and Brahman dams, and by Charolais out of Africander, Mashona, Nkone, Brahman and Sussex dams. These represented sanga × sanga, sanga × zebu, Bos taurus × sanga, Bos taurus × zebu and Bos taurus × Bos taurus crossbred types. Bos taurus × zebu crosses were superior to other breed types for all the three productivity indices and for virtually all the individual components of these. There was little difference between the other four breed types in overall productivity of components of these. Differences between reciprocals were observed in sanga × sanga and sanga × zebu, cows with Africander dams being more productive than reciprocals with Mashona, Nkone and Brahman dams. The Bos taurus × Bos taurus cross was inferior in overall productivity primarily due to large cow weight and relatively low growth rate of progeny. Progeny sired by Friesian, Simmental and Brahman had higher weaning weights than those sired by Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Africander and Tuli. Overall, heterosis was positive for all traits and averaged 0·15 for the three measures of cow productivity. Heterosis was three times higher in the Bos taurus × Bos indicus cross than in the Bos indicus crosses.

scholarly journals Intermittent vision

1914 ◽  
Vol 89 (612) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Electric Contact ◽  
Actual Motion ◽  
Black Paper ◽  
Common Observation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Direction Opposite

It is a matter of fairly common observation that the spokes of the wheels of passing motor cars often appear momentarily stationary, and sometimes even seem to be turning in the direction opposite to their actual motion. It was pointed out to me by the Hon. T. F. Fremantle that these appearances, which last only for a small fraction of a second, coincide with the steps of the observer, and are only noticeable when the speed of the vehicle lies between certain limits. On the one hand the motion must be too quick for the eye to follow the individual spokes, and on the other it must not exceed a certain limit, which is apparently slightly different for different individuals. To examine the phenomena more closely and conveniently a 4-inch disc of black paper was prepared, on which 12 equally spaced radial white lines were superposed, and the disc was mounted on a heavy top, running on ball bearings, and which when spun lost its speed slowly. An electric contact on the top in conjunction with a recording chronograph gave the angular speed at each instant, while another pen worked by the observer allowed signals to be marked on the chronograph paper, indicating according to a code the nature of the appearance of the disc in various circumstances.

Writing in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Cursive vs Manuscript

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone ◽  
Harold M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Read Number

Reading and writing performance was observed in 30 adult aphasic patients to determine whether there was a significant difference when stimuli and manual responses were varied in the written form: cursive versus manuscript. Patients were asked to read aloud 10 words written cursively and 10 words written in manuscript form. They were then asked to write on dictation 10 word responses using cursive writing and 10 words using manuscript writing. Number of words correctly read, number of words correctly written, and number of letters correctly written in the proper sequence were tallied for both cursive and manuscript writing tasks for each patient. Results indicated no significant difference in correct response between cursive and manuscript writing style for these aphasic patients as a group; however, it was noted that individual patients varied widely in their success using one writing form over the other. It appeared that since neither writing form showed better facilitation of performance, the writing style used should be determined according to the individual patient’s own preference and best performance.

Margaret Mahy: An Adlerian Reading

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
KATHRYN WALLS
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Psychology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Alfred Adler ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Margaret Mahy ◽  
The Individual

According to the ‘Individual Psychology’ of Alfred Adler (1870–1937), Freud's contemporary and rival, everyone seeks superiority. But only those who can adapt their aspirations to meet the needs of others find fulfilment. Children who are rejected or pampered are so desperate for superiority that they fail to develop social feeling, and endanger themselves and society. This article argues that Mahy's realistic novels invite Adlerian interpretation. It examines the character of Hero, the elective mute who is the narrator-protagonist of The Other Side of Silence (1995) , in terms of her experience of rejection. The novel as a whole, it is suggested, stresses the destructiveness of the neurotically driven quest for superiority. Turning to Mahy's supernatural romances, the article considers novels that might seem to resist the Adlerian template. Focusing, in particular, on the young female protagonists of The Haunting (1982) and The Changeover (1984), it points to the ways in which their magical power is utilised for the sake of others. It concludes with the suggestion that the triumph of Mahy's protagonists lies not so much in their generally celebrated ‘empowerment’, as in their transcendence of the goal of superiority for its own sake.

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