scholarly journals Type-B response regulators of rice play key roles in growth, development and cytokinin signaling

Development ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (13) ◽  
pp. dev174870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Worthen ◽  
Maria V. Yamburenko ◽  
Jeewoo Lim ◽  
Zachary L. Nimchuk ◽  
Joseph J. Kieber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type B ◽  
Response Regulators ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Growth Development

scholarly journals SCFKMD controls cytokinin signaling by regulating the degradation of type-B response regulators

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (24) ◽  
pp. 10028-10033 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Kim ◽  
Y.-H. Chiang ◽  
J. J. Kieber ◽  
G. E. Schaller
Keyword(s):  
Type B ◽  
Response Regulators ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling

scholarly journals Reconstitution of Cytokinin Signaling in Rice Protoplasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3647
Author(s):  
Eunji Ga ◽  
Jaeeun Song ◽  
Myung Ki Min ◽  
Jihee Ha ◽  
Sangkyu Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression System ◽  
Transient Gene Expression ◽  
Firefly Luciferase ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Type B ◽  
Response Regulators ◽  
Reporter Construct ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Firefly Luciferase Gene ◽  
Signaling Components

The major components of the cytokinin (CK) signaling pathway have been identified from the receptors to their downstream transcription factors. However, since signaling proteins are encoded by multigene families, characterizing and quantifying the contribution of each component or their combinations to the signaling cascade have been challenging. Here, we describe a transient gene expression system in rice (Oryza sativa) protoplasts suitable to reconstitute CK signaling branches using the CK reporter construct TCSn:fLUC, consisting of a synthetic CK-responsive promoter and the firefly luciferase gene, as a sensitive readout of signaling output. We used this system to systematically test the contributions of CK signaling components, either alone or in various combinations, with or without CK treatment. The type-B response regulators (RRs) OsRR16, OsRR17, OsRR18, and OsRR19 all activated TCSn:fLUC strongly, with OsRR18 and OsRR19 showing the strongest induction by CK. Cotransfecting the reporter with OsHP01, OsHP02, OsHP05, or OsHK03 alone resulted in much weaker effects relative to those of the type-B OsRRs. When we tested combinations of OsHK03, OsHPs, and OsRRs, each combination exhibited distinct CK signaling activities. This system thus allows the rapid and high-throughput exploration of CK signaling in rice.

scholarly journals Type B Response Regulators of Arabidopsis Play Key Roles in Cytokinin Signaling and Plant Development

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2102-2116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca D. Argyros ◽  
Dennis E. Mathews ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Chiang ◽  
Christine M. Palmer ◽  
Derek M. Thibault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Type B ◽  
Response Regulators ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling

Cytokinin Signaling Is Essential for Organ Formation in Marchantia polymorpha

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1842-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiori S Aki ◽  
Tatsuya Mikami ◽  
Satoshi Naramoto ◽  
Ryuichi Nishihama ◽  
Kimitsune Ishizaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Cytokinin Oxidase ◽  
Endogenous Cytokinin ◽  
Type B ◽  
Response Regulators ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Organ Formation ◽  
Cytokinin Treatment ◽  
Rhizoid Formation

Abstract Cytokinins are known to regulate various physiological events in plants. Cytokinin signaling is mediated by the phosphorelay system, one of the most ancient mechanisms controlling hormonal pathways in plants. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha possesses all components necessary for cytokinin signaling; however, whether they respond to cytokinins and how the signaling is fine-tuned remain largely unknown. Here, we report cytokinin function in Marchantia development and organ formation. Our measurement of cytokinin species revealed that cis-zeatin is the most abundant cytokinin in Marchantia. We reduced the endogenous cytokinin level by overexpressing the gene for cytokinin oxidase, MpCKX, which inactivates cytokinins, and generated overexpression and knockout lines for type-A (MpRRA) and type-B (MpRRB) response regulators to manipulate the signaling. The overexpression lines of MpCKX and MpRRA, and the knockout lines of MpRRB, shared phenotypes such as inhibition of gemma cup formation, enhanced rhizoid formation and hyponastic thallus growth. Conversely, the knockout lines of MpRRA produced more gemma cups and exhibited epinastic thallus growth. MpRRA expression was elevated by cytokinin treatment and reduced by knocking out MpRRB, suggesting that MpRRA is upregulated by the MpRRB-mediated cytokinin signaling, which is antagonized by MpRRA. Our findings indicate that when plants moved onto land they already deployed the negative feedback loop of cytokinin signaling, which has an indispensable role in organogenesis.

scholarly journals The Relationship between AGAMOUS and Cytokinin Signaling in the Establishment of Carpeloid Features

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 827
Author(s):  
Andrea Gómez-Felipe ◽  
Daniel Kierzkowski ◽  
Stefan de Folter
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Type B ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Carpel Development ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gynoecium Development

Gynoecium development is dependent on gene regulation and hormonal pathway interactions. The phytohormones auxin and cytokinin are involved in many developmental programs, where cytokinin is normally important for cell division and meristem activity, while auxin induces cell differentiation and organ initiation in the shoot. The MADS-box transcription factor AGAMOUS (AG) is important for the development of the reproductive structures of the flower. Here, we focus on the relationship between AG and cytokinin in Arabidopsis thaliana, and use the weak ag-12 and the strong ag-1 allele. We found that cytokinin induces carpeloid features in an AG-dependent manner and the expression of the transcription factors CRC, SHP2, and SPT that are involved in carpel development. AG is important for gynoecium development, and contributes to regulating, or else directly regulates CRC, SHP2, and SPT. All four genes respond to either reduced or induced cytokinin signaling and have the potential to be regulated by cytokinin via the type-B ARR proteins. We generated a model of a gene regulatory network, where cytokinin signaling is mainly upstream and in parallel with AG activity.

scholarly journals Type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs Specify the Shoot Stem Cell Niche by Dual Regulation of WUSCHEL

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1357-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Jing Meng ◽  
Zhi Juan Cheng ◽  
Ya Lin Sang ◽  
Miao Miao Zhang ◽  
Xiao Fei Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Type B ◽  
Response Regulators ◽  
Cell Niche

scholarly journals DEG9, a serine protease, modulates cytokinin and light signaling by regulating the level of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 4

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (25) ◽  
pp. E3568-E3576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chi ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Baoye He ◽  
Xin Chai ◽  
Xiumei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serine Protease ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Light Signaling ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Response Regulators ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Periplasmic Proteins ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Protease Degradation ◽  
Signaling Components

Cytokinin is an essential phytohormone that controls various biological processes in plants. A number of response regulators are known to be important for cytokinin signal transduction. ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 4 (ARR4) mediates the cross-talk between light and cytokinin signaling through modulation of the activity of phytochrome B. However, the mechanism that regulates the activity and stability of ARR4 is unknown. Here we identify an ATP-independent serine protease, degradation of periplasmic proteins 9 (DEG9), which localizes to the nucleus and regulates the stability of ARR4. Biochemical evidence shows that DEG9 interacts with ARR4, thereby targeting ARR4 for degradation, which suggests that DEG9 regulates the stability of ARR4. Moreover, genetic evidence shows that DEG9 acts upstream of ARR4 and regulates the activity of ARR4 in cytokinin and light-signaling pathways. This study thus identifies a role for a ubiquitin-independent selective protein proteolysis in the regulation of the stability of plant signaling components.

Type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs Directly Activate WUSCHEL

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 815-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Alan May ◽  
Vivian F. Irish
Keyword(s):  
Type B ◽  
Response Regulators
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