Effects of position in the uterus on fetal mortality and on response to trypan blue

Development ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-624
Author(s):  
Sidney L. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
The Common

In a polytocous species such as the mouse, the relative position in the uterus that a fetus occupies may well have an effect upon the likelihood of normal development or indeed survival (Trasler, 1960; Woollam & Millen, 1962). It would seem desirable, therefore, especially since the mouse is so valuable a tool in studies of development (Grüneberg, 1963) and teratogenesis (Fave, 1964; Woollam, 1966), to learn as much as possible about the contribution of the uterine environment to embryonic development. It has been suggested that fetuses implanted in the portion of the uterine horn nearest the common uterus may have an increased tendency toward death or deformity when their dams are made anoxic experimentally during gestation (Woollam & Millen, 1962). These authors suggest that the variations in response to anoxia might be accounted for by differences in blood supply or different times of implantation in the different regions of the uterus.

scholarly journals Anatomical Variant of the Liver Blood Supply

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-423
Author(s):  
Ivan Maslarski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Cystic Artery ◽  
Anatomical Variant ◽  
Liver Transplantations ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radiological Procedures ◽  
Portal Region

Vascular variations are significant for liver transplantations, radiological procedures, laparoscopic method of operation and for the healing of penetrating injuries, including the space closer to the hepatic area. This variants are very common in the abdominal region, and their description will be useful. During a routine dissection of 73 year old female cadaver, we found on subhepatic region that the blood supply of the liver differed from a normal one. The difference was found in the absence of the right liver branch and the cystic artery, which normally arises from the common hepatic artery. After a detailed dissection of the superior mesenteric artery we distinguished a branch, which is routed to the right lobe of the liver. The diameter of this vessel is 3.7 mm and the length is 8.2 cm. In the artery pathway, three consecutive branches were observed. The first branch was found about 2.02 cm before the portal region of the liver. The second one became visible after another millimeter and finally the artery made one little curve and became a cystic artery.

Dorsotonals/homothorax, the Drosophila homologue of meis1, interacts with extradenticle in patterning of the embryonic PNS

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kurant ◽  
C.Y. Pai ◽  
R. Sharf ◽  
N. Halachmi ◽  
Y.H. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Restricted Pattern

The homeotic genes of the bithorax complex are required, among other things, for establishing the patterns of sensory organs in the embryonic peripheral nervous system (PNS). However, the molecular mechanisms by which these genes affect pattern formation in the PNS are not understood and other genes that function in this pathway are not characterized. Here we report the phenotypic and molecular analysis of one such gene, homothorax (hth; also named dorsotonals). Mutations in the hth gene seem to alter the identity of the abdominal chordotonal neurons, which depend on Abd-A for their normal development. However, these mutations do not alter the expression of the abd-A gene, suggesting that hth may be involved in modulating abd-A activity. We have generated multiple mutations in the hth locus and cloned the hth gene. hth encodes a homeodomain-containing protein that is most similar to the murine proto-oncogene meis1. The hth gene is expressed throughout embryonic development in a spatially restricted pattern, which is modulated in abdominal segments by abd-A and Ubx. The spatial distribution of the HTH protein during embryonic development is very similar to the distribution of the Extradenticle (EXD) protein, a known modulator of homeotic gene activity. Here we show that the PNS phenotype of exd mutant embryos is virtually indistinguishable from that of hth mutant embryos and does not simply follow the homeotic transformations observed in the epidermis. We also show that the HTH protein is present in extremely low levels in embryos lacking exd activity as compared to wild-type embryos. In contrast, the EXD protein is present in fairly normal levels in hth mutant embryos, but fails to accumulate in nuclei and remains cytoplasmic. Ectopic expression of hth can drive ectopic nuclear localization of EXD. Based on our observations we propose that the genetic interactions between hth and exd serve as a novel mechanism for regulating homeotic protein activity in embryonic PNS development.

Multiple developmental defects in Engrailed-1 mutant mice: an early mid-hindbrain deletion and patterning defects in forelimbs and sternum

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 2065-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wurst ◽  
A.B. Auerbach ◽  
A.L. Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Targeted Deletion ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Cell

During mouse development, the homeobox-containing gene En-1 is specifically expressed across the mid-hindbrain junction, the ventral ectoderm of the limb buds, and in regions of the hindbrain, spinal cord, somites and somite-derived tissues. To address the function of En-1 during embryogenesis, we have generated mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of the En-1 homeobox. En-1 mutant mice died shortly after birth and exhibited multiple developmental defects. In the brains of newborn mutants, most of the colliculi and cerebellum were missing and the third and fourth cranial nerves were absent. A deletion of midhindbrain tissue was observed as early as 9.5 days of embryonic development and the phenotype resembles that previously reported for Wnt-1 mutant mice. In addition, patterning of the forelimb paws and sternum was disrupted, and the 13th ribs were truncated. The results of these studies suggest a cell autonomous role for En-1 in generation and/or survival of mid-hindbrain precursor cells and also a non-cell autonomous role in signalling normal development of the limbs and possibly sternum.

scholarly journals Evolutionary History and Activity of RNase H1-Like Proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1119
Author(s):  
Jan Kuciński ◽  
Sebastian Chamera ◽  
Aleksandra Kmera ◽  
M Jordan Rowley ◽  
Sho Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Replicative Stress ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rna:Dna Hybrids

Abstract RNase H1 is an endonuclease specific toward the RNA strand of RNA:DNA hybrids. Members of this protein family are present in most living organisms and are essential for removing RNA that base pairs with DNA. It prevents detrimental effects of RNA:DNA hybrids and is involved in several biological processes. Arabidopsis thaliana has been previously shown to contain three genes encoding RNase H1 proteins that localize to three distinct cellular compartments. We show that these genes originate from two gene duplication events. One occurred in the common ancestor of dicots and produced nuclear and organellar RNase H1 paralogs. Second duplication occurred in the common ancestor of Brassicaceae and produced mitochondrial- and plastid-localized proteins. These proteins have the canonical RNase H1 activity, which requires at least four ribonucleotides for endonucleolytic digestion. Analysis of mutants in the RNase H1 genes revealed that the nuclear RNH1A and mitochondrial RNH1B are dispensable for development under normal growth conditions. However, the presence of at least one organellar RNase H1 (RNH1B or RNH1C) is required for embryonic development. The plastid-localized RNH1C affects plastid DNA copy number and sensitivity to replicative stress. Our results present the evolutionary history of RNH1 proteins in A. thaliana, demonstrate their canonical RNase H1 activity and indicate their role in early embryonic development.

scholarly journals Impacts of common staff on indicators of sanitary evacuation: experience of the gynecology service of Treichville Teaching Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Simplice Anongba ◽  
Jean-Marc Dia ◽  
Ignace Yao ◽  
Edouard N’guessan ◽  
Eric Bohoussou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

Background: In order to improve the quality of care for patients discharged in our department, since 1996 we have initiated monthly meetings called "common staffs", with the heads of the peripheral maternities who evacuate patients, during which we analyse reference indicators and the SONUs. The objective of this study was to describe the impact of the common staff on the indicators of the reference.Methods: We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional study on the balance sheets of the common staff over the 20 years of practice.Results: In 20 years, 132 meetings were organized, during which 24,337 files were analyzed. In 1996 the indicators of evacuations were at alarming levels: the time taken between the diagnosis and the decision to evacuate was long (more than 1 hour in 83.4%), 73% of the evacuation records were poorly informed, the majority evacuations were by non-medical vehicle (54.8%), pre-discharge management was incorrect in several patients (47%), and maternal and fetal lethality were high (5% and 10%, respectively). Over time, these indicators have improved and have had a favourable impact on maternal and fetal mortality rates, which have gradually decreased. At the same time, the results of the last three years of the evacuees coming from the maternities who do not participate in our staffs, shows that the indicators are still alarming, at levels where we were at the beginning of common staffs.Conclusions: The joint staff proved to be a good practice to promote in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Departments. It helped to improve the quality of care for referred patients.

scholarly journals Genetics and functions of the retinoic acid pathway, with special emphasis on the eye

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Thompson ◽  
Nicholas Katsanis ◽  
Nicholas Apostolopoulos ◽  
David C. Thompson ◽  
Daniel W. Nebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Optic Vesicle ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Optic Cup ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Acid Pathway

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) is a potent morphogen required for embryonic development. RA is formed in a multistep process from vitamin A (retinol); RA acts in a paracrine fashion to shape the developing eye and is essential for normal optic vesicle and anterior segment formation. Perturbation in RA-signaling can result in severe ocular developmental diseases—including microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma. RA-signaling is also essential for embryonic development and life, as indicated by the significant consequences of mutations in genes involved in RA-signaling. The requirement of RA-signaling for normal development is further supported by the manifestation of severe pathologies in animal models of RA deficiency—such as ventral lens rotation, failure of optic cup formation, and embryonic and postnatal lethality. In this review, we summarize RA-signaling, recent advances in our understanding of this pathway in eye development, and the requirement of RA-signaling for embryonic development (e.g., organogenesis and limb bud development) and life.

scholarly journals Artificial stripping and embryonic development of the common gudgeon (Gobio gobio L.) and its use in embryo-larval tests – a pilot study

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Palíková ◽  
R. Krejčí
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Artificial Reproduction ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Fish Model ◽  
Embryonic Developmental Stage ◽  
European Catfish ◽  
The Common

Artificial reproduction with and without hormonal treatment was performed in females of the common gudgeon (Gobio gobio L.) to assess the suitability of this cyprinid species as a fish model for embryo-larval cytotoxic tests. Considering sperm immobilisation tests, the solution for tench was utilizable. The clearing solution designed for the observation of embryonic development in the European catfish was also found suitable for the common gudgeon embryos. The egg and embryonic mortality, embryonic development, hatching and survival rate were examined. Ovulation occurred in 89% of females after the application of the carp pituitary (5 mg/kg) but embryonic mortality reached nearly 100%. The highest embryonic mortality in females with hormonal treatment was observed within 24 hours of development. On the other hand, the reproduction of females without the application of hormonal stimulation was nearly completely successful with mean mortality 60%. The hatching of embryos of females without hormonal stimulation occurred (average values) 71 hours after fertilization and lasted 65 hours. Embryonic development finished within 176 hours. Our pilot study demonstrated that the eggs of common gudgeon were suitable for embryo-larval tests from the 7<sup>th</sup> to the 8<sup>th</sup> embryonic developmental stage. &nbsp;

WEYL CORRESPONDENCE AND PATH INTEGRAL FOR TWO-MODE CORRELATED SYSTEM

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONG-YI FAN ◽  
YUE FAN
Keyword(s):  
Path Integral ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Operator Theory ◽  
Total Momentum ◽  
Wigner Functions ◽  
Wigner Operator ◽  
Weyl Correspondence ◽  
The Common

The Weyl correspondence and Wigner operator theory for two-mode correlated system is developed on the common eigenstate basis <η| of two particles' total momentum and relative position. The development brings much convenience for calculating the Wigner functions of some two-mode correlated states and makes some Weyl correspondence derivation possible. Correspondingly, the path integral with midpoint prescription in <η| representation is also formulated.

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