Patterning of fast and slow fibers within embryonic muscles is established independently of signals from the surrounding mesenchyme

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (13) ◽  
pp. 2537-2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Nikovits ◽  
Gordon M. Cann ◽  
Ruijin Huang ◽  
Bodo Christ ◽  
Frank E. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Reciprocal Transplantation ◽  
Muscle Formation ◽  
Type Pattern ◽  
Mesenchymal Stroma

During embryonic development, and before functional innervation, a highly stereotypic pattern of slow- and fast-contracting primary muscle fibers is established within individual muscles of the limbs, from distinct populations of myoblasts. A difference between the fiber-type pattern found within chicken and quail pectoral muscles was exploited to investigate the contributions of somite-derived myogenic precursors and lateral plate-derived mesenchymal stroma to the establishment of muscle fiber-type patterns. Chimeric chicken/quail embryos were constructed by reciprocal transplantation of somites or lateral plate mesoderm at stages prior to muscle formation. Muscle fibers derived from quail myogenic precursors that had migrated into chicken stroma showed a quail pattern of mixed fast- and slow-contracting muscle fibers. Conversely, chicken myogenic precursors that had migrated into quail stroma showed a chicken pattern of nearly exclusive fast muscle fiber formation. These results demonstrate in vivo an intrinsic commitment to fiber-type on the part of the myoblast, independent of extrinsic signals it receives from the mesenchymal stroma in which it differentiates.

scholarly journals Depletion of HuR in murine skeletal muscle enhances exercise endurance and prevents cancer-induced muscle atrophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Janice Sánchez ◽  
Anne-Marie K. Tremblay ◽  
Jean-Philippe Leduc-Gaudet ◽  
Derek T. Hall ◽  
Erzsebet Kovacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Type I ◽  
Exercise Endurance ◽  
Murine Skeletal Muscle

Abstract The master posttranscriptional regulator HuR promotes muscle fiber formation in cultured muscle cells. However, its impact on muscle physiology and function in vivo is still unclear. Here, we show that muscle-specific HuR knockout (muHuR-KO) mice have high exercise endurance that is associated with enhanced oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. muHuR-KO mice exhibit a significant increase in the proportion of oxidative type I fibers in several skeletal muscles. HuR mediates these effects by collaborating with the mRNA decay factor KSRP to destabilize the PGC-1α mRNA. The type I fiber-enriched phenotype of muHuR-KO mice protects against cancer cachexia-induced muscle loss. Therefore, our study uncovers that under normal conditions HuR modulates muscle fiber type specification by promoting the formation of glycolytic type II fibers. We also provide a proof-of-principle that HuR expression can be targeted therapeutically in skeletal muscles to combat cancer-induced muscle wasting.

scholarly journals Resveratrol regulates skeletal muscle fibers switching through the AdipoR1-AMPK-PGC-1α pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3334-3343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinyang Jiang ◽  
Xiaofang Cheng ◽  
Yueyue Cui ◽  
Qin Xia ◽  
Xueyu Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Fiber Type ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibers

This study was conducted to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of Resveratrol (RES) in regulating skeletal muscle fiber-type switching.

Capillarity and fiber types in the cremaster muscle of rat and hamster

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. H368-H374 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Sarelius ◽  
L. C. Maxwell ◽  
S. D. Gray ◽  
B. R. Duling
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Cremaster Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

We determined muscle fiber type and capillarity in cremaster muscle samples from rats and hamsters of different ages. Histochemical estimation of oxidative capacity was made from the activity of either nicotinamide dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) or succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), and fibers were termed fast or slow from myofibrillar ATPase activity. Fibers were classified as type I (low ATPase, high NADH-TR/SDH), type IIa (high ATPase, high SDH/NADH-TR), type IIb (high ATPase, low SDH/NADH-TR), or type IIc (no acid reversal of ATPase, high NADH-TR). Type IIb fibers accounted for 60-80% of the muscle area in both species at all ages. The principal change with maturation was muscle fiber hypertrophy. Mean cross-sectional fiber area increased from 488 +/- 70 (SE) and 453 +/- 19 micron2 in young hamsters and rats, respectively, to 1,255 +/- 99 and 1,540 +/- 101 micron2 in adults. Capillary density (no. of capillaries/mm2 tissue) paralleled fiber hypertrophy; it decreased significantly with maturation from 684 +/- 60 (SE) to 228 +/- 26/mm2 in hamsters and from 341 +/- 15 to 213 +/- 15/mm2 in rats. In vitro estimates of capillary density are compared with previously obtained in vivo data (31), and sources of error are identified. We conclude that reported differences in microvascular function in the cremaster muscle in vivo during maturation or between species cannot be ascribed to changes in muscle composition.

scholarly journals A new method to study in vivo protein synthesis in slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers and initial measurements in humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 1410-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Dickinson ◽  
J. D. Lee ◽  
B. E. Sullivan ◽  
M. P. Harber ◽  
S. W. Trappe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Mixed Protein ◽  
Mhc Iia

The aim of this study was to develop an approach to directly assess protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) in isolated human muscle fibers in a fiber type-specific fashion. Individual muscle fibers were isolated from biopsies of the vastus lateralis (VL) and soleus (SOL) obtained from eight young men during a primed, continuous infusion of [5,5,5-2H3]leucine performed under basal conditions. To determine mixed protein FSR, a portion of each fiber was used to identify fiber type, fibers of the same type were pooled, and the [5,5,5-2H3]leucine enrichment was determined via GC-MS. Processing isolated slow-twitch [myosin heavy chain (MHC) I] and fast-twitch (MHC IIa) fibers for mixed protein bound [5,5,5-2H3]leucine enrichment yielded mass ion chromatographic peaks that were similar in shape, abundance, and measurement reliability as tissue homogenates. In the VL, MHC I fibers exhibited a 33% faster ( P < 0.05) mixed protein FSR compared with MHC IIa fibers (0.068 ± 0.006 vs. 0.051 ± 0.003%/h). MHC I fibers from the SOL (0.060 ± 0.005%/h) and MHC I fibers from the VL displayed similar ( P > 0.05) mixed protein FSR. Feasibility of processing isolated human muscle fibers for analysis of myofibrillar protein [5,5,5-2H3]leucine enrichment was also confirmed in non-fiber-typed pooled fibers from the VL. These methods can be applied to the study of fiber type-specific responses in human skeletal muscle. The need for this level of investigation is underscored by the different contributions of each fiber type to whole muscle function and the numerous distinct adaptive functional and metabolic changes in MHC I and MHC II fibers originating from the same muscle.

scholarly journals The influence of training status, age, and muscle fiber type on cycling efficiency and endurance performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Hopker ◽  
Damian A. Coleman ◽  
Hannah C. Gregson ◽  
Simon A. Jobson ◽  
Tobias Von der Haar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Muscle Fiber Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Cycling Efficiency

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of age, training status, and muscle fiber-type distribution on cycling efficiency. Forty men were recruited into one of four groups: young and old trained cyclists, and young and old untrained individuals. All participants completed an incremental ramp test to measure their peak O2 uptake, maximal heart rate, and maximal minute power output; a submaximal test of cycling gross efficiency (GE) at a series of absolute and relative work rates; and, in trained participants only, a 1-h cycling time trial. Finally, all participants underwent a muscle biopsy of their right vastus lateralis muscle. At relative work rates, a general linear model found significant main effects of age and training status on GE ( P < 0.01). The percentage of type I muscle fibers was higher in the trained groups ( P < 0.01), with no difference between age groups. There was no relationship between fiber type and cycling efficiency at any work rate or cadence combination. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that muscle fiber type did not influence cycling performance ( P > 0.05). Power output in the 1-h performance trial was predicted by average O2 uptake and GE, with standardized β-coefficients of 0.94 and 0.34, respectively, although some mathematical coupling is evident. These data demonstrate that muscle fiber type does not affect cycling efficiency and was not influenced by the aging process. Cycling efficiency and the percentage of type I muscle fibers were influenced by training status, but only GE at 120 revolutions/min was seen to predict cycling performance.

scholarly journals Reduced force of diaphragm muscle fibers in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. L20-L28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmy Manders ◽  
Peter I. Bonta ◽  
Jaap J. Kloek ◽  
Petr Symersky ◽  
Harm-Jan Bogaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Fast Twitch

Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) suffer from inspiratory muscle weakness. However, the pathophysiology of inspiratory muscle dysfunction in PH is unknown. We hypothesized that weakness of the diaphragm, the main inspiratory muscle, is an important contributor to inspiratory muscle dysfunction in PH patients. Our objective was to combine ex vivo diaphragm muscle fiber contractility measurements with measures of in vivo inspiratory muscle function in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients. To assess diaphragm muscle contractility, function was studied in vivo by maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and ex vivo in diaphragm biopsies of the same CTEPH patients ( N = 13) obtained during pulmonary endarterectomy. Patients undergoing elective lung surgery served as controls ( N = 15). Muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) was determined in cryosections and contractility in permeabilized muscle fibers. Diaphragm muscle fiber CSA was not significantly different between control and CTEPH patients in both slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers. Maximal force-generating capacity was significantly lower in slow-twitch muscle fibers of CTEPH patients, whereas no difference was observed in fast-twitch muscle fibers. The maximal force of diaphragm muscle fibers correlated significantly with MIP. The calcium sensitivity of force generation was significantly reduced in fast-twitch muscle fibers of CTEPH patients, resulting in a ∼40% reduction of submaximal force generation. The fast skeletal troponin activator CK-2066260 (5 μM) restored submaximal force generation to levels exceeding those observed in control subjects. In conclusion, diaphragm muscle fiber contractility is hampered in CTEPH patients and contributes to the reduced function of the inspiratory muscles in CTEPH patients.

Muscle fiber type distribution and architecture of the cat diaphragm

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1386-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Sieck ◽  
R. R. Roy ◽  
P. Powell ◽  
C. Blanco ◽  
V. R. Edgerton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Muscle Fiber Type ◽  
Diaphragmatic Muscle ◽  
Band Area ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Abdominal Surface ◽  
Fiber Type Distribution ◽  
Fast Twitch

Three types of diaphragmatic muscle fibers were identified histochemically in the sternal, costal, and crural regions of the cat diaphragm. Differences in the proportion of each muscle fiber type were observed between the abdominal and thoracic surfaces of the diaphragm but not among the different regions. A higher percentage of slow-twitch oxidative fibers was noted on the abdominal surface, whereas more fast-twitch fibers (fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic and fast-twitch glycolytic) were found on the thoracic surface. Differences in muscle architecture were observed between diaphragmatic regions, but not between abdominal and thoracic sides. Overall, muscle fibers were longer in the crural regions, with the longest fibers being found in the crossing-band area of the crura. In the costal regions, fibers were longest in the center and became shorter toward the ventral and dorsal extent of these regions. Fiber lengths were similar throughout the sternal region. In each diaphragmatic region, the length of fibers extended from the origin of the muscle to its insertion. We conclude that functional differences between diaphragmatic regions could be attributed to fiber length and/or orientation, but not to differences in fiber-type composition.

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