scholarly journals Dorsal and intermediate neuronal cell types of the spinal cord are established by a BMP signaling pathway

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1209-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.H. Nguyen ◽  
J. Trout ◽  
S.A. Connors ◽  
P. Andermann ◽  
E. Weinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Tail Bud ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest

We have studied the role of Bmp signaling in patterning neural tissue through the use of mutants in the zebrafish that disrupt three different components of a Bmp signaling pathway: swirl/bmp2b, snailhouse/bmp7 and somitabun/smad5. We demonstrate that Bmp signaling is essential for the establishment of the prospective neural crest and dorsal sensory Rohon-Beard neurons of the spinal cord. Moreover, Bmp signaling is necessary to limit the number of intermediate-positioned lim1+ interneurons of the spinal cord, as observed by the dramatic expansion of these prospective interneurons in many mutant embryos. Our analysis also suggests a positive role for Bmp signaling in the specification of these interneurons, which is independent of Bmp2b/Swirl activity. We found that a presumptive ventral signal, Hh signaling, acts to restrict the amount of dorsal sensory neurons and trunk neural crest. This restriction appears to occur very early in neural tissue development, likely prior to notochord or floor plate formation. A similar early role for Bmp signaling is suggested in the specification of dorsal neural cell types, since the bmp2b/swirl and bmp7/snailhouse genes are only coexpressed during gastrulation and within the tail bud, and are not found in the dorsal neural tube or overlying epidermal ectoderm. Thus, a gastrula Bmp2b/Swirl and Bmp7/Snailhouse-dependent activity gradient may not only act in the specification of the embryonic dorsoventral axis, but may also function in establishing dorsal and intermediate neuronal cell types of the spinal cord.

scholarly journals Neuromesodermal progenitor origin of trunk neural crest in vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyna Lukoseviciute ◽  
Sarah Mayes ◽  
Tatjana Sauka-Spengler
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest ◽  
Bona Fide

AbstractNeural crest (NC) is a vertebrate-specific population of multipotent embryonic cells predisposed to particular derivatives along the anteroposterior (A-P) axis. While only cranial NC progenitors give rise to ectomesenchymal cell types, trunk NC is biased for neuronal cell fates. By integrating multimodal single-cell analysis we uncovered heterogenous NC cells across the entire A-P axis expressing NC regulator foxd3. We pinpointed to its specific cranial and trunk auto-regulated enhancers. The trunk foxd3 enhancer, however, did not mark the bona fide NC, but bipotent tailbud neuromesodermal progenitors (NMps). A subset of these NMp-derived pro-neural cells appeared to give rise to neuronal trunk NC in amniotes in vivo, suggesting that at least a portion of trunk NC progenitors with a bias for neuronal fates originated from NMps in vivo.

Spinal Cord Neuronal Cell Properties Respond Differentially to the Stiffness of DNA Crosslinked Hydrogels

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank X. Jiang ◽  
Penelope Georges ◽  
Uday Chippada ◽  
Lulu Li ◽  
Bernard Yurke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Extracellular Matrices ◽  
Neural Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Cns Neurons

Mechanical cues arising from extracellular matrices greatly affect cellular properties, and hence, are of significance in designing biomaterials. Similar to many other cell types, including fibroblasts and hepatocytes, central nervous system (CNS) neurons have been found to exhibit distinct responses to the stiffness of the substrates they reside on [1]. There is an increasing awareness that mechanical properties also play a key role in successful utilization of scaffolds for those tissues whose major functions are not load-bearing, such as the spinal cord. In light of this, there is a growing interest in incorporating mechanical cues in biomaterial design for neural tissue engineering applications, including spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals Cyclic AMP Signaling Functions as a Bimodal Switch in Sympathoadrenal Cell Development in Cultured Primary Neural Crest Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 3004-3014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Bilodeau ◽  
Theresa Boulineau ◽  
Ronald L. Hullinger ◽  
Ourania M. Andrisani
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Camp Signaling ◽  
Camp Signaling Pathway ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest

ABSTRACT Cells of the vertebrate neural crest (crest cells) are an invaluable model system to address cell fate specification. Crest cells are amenable to tissue culture, and they differentiate to a variety of neuronal and nonneuronal cell types. Earlier studies have determined that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2, -4, and -7) and agents that elevate intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) stimulate the development of the sympathoadrenal (SA, adrenergic) lineage in neural crest cultures. To investigate whether interactive mechanisms between signaling pathways influence crest cell differentiation, we characterized the combinatorial effects of BMP-2 and cAMP-elevating agents on the development of quail trunk neural crest cells in primary culture. We report that the cAMP signaling pathway modulates both positive and negative signals influencing the development of SA cells. Specifically, we show that moderate activation of cAMP signaling promotes, in synergy with BMP-2, SA cell development and the expression of the SA lineage-determining gene Phox2a. By contrast, robust activation of cAMP signaling opposes, even in the presence of BMP-2, SA cell development and the expression of the SA lineage-determining ASH-1 and Phox2 genes. We conclude that cAMP signaling acts as a bimodal regulator of SA cell development in neural crest cultures.

scholarly journals A harmonized atlas of mouse spinal cord cell types and their spatial organization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Russ ◽  
Ryan B. Patterson Cross ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Stephanie C. Koch ◽  
Kaya J. E. Matson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Mouse Spinal Cord ◽  
Common Reference

AbstractSingle-cell RNA sequencing data can unveil the molecular diversity of cell types. Cell type atlases of the mouse spinal cord have been published in recent years but have not been integrated together. Here, we generate an atlas of spinal cell types based on single-cell transcriptomic data, unifying the available datasets into a common reference framework. We report a hierarchical structure of postnatal cell type relationships, with location providing the highest level of organization, then neurotransmitter status, family, and finally, dozens of refined populations. We validate a combinatorial marker code for each neuronal cell type and map their spatial distributions in the adult spinal cord. We also show complex lineage relationships among postnatal cell types. Additionally, we develop an open-source cell type classifier, SeqSeek, to facilitate the standardization of cell type identification. This work provides an integrated view of spinal cell types, their gene expression signatures, and their molecular organization.

scholarly journals Migrating neural crest cells in the trunk of the avian embryo are multipotent

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Fraser ◽  
M. Bronner-Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest

Trunk neural crest cells migrate extensively and give rise to diverse cell types, including cells of the sensory and autonomic nervous systems. Previously, we demonstrated that many premigratory trunk neural crest cells give rise to descendants with distinct phenotypes in multiple neural crest derivatives. The results are consistent with the idea that neural crest cells are multipotent prior to their emigration from the neural tube and become restricted in phenotype after leaving the neural tube either during their migration or at their sites of localization. Here, we test the developmental potential of migrating trunk neural crest cells by microinjecting a vital dye, lysinated rhodamine dextran (LRD), into individual cells as they migrate through the somite. By two days after injection, the LRD-labelled clones contained from 2 to 67 cells, which were distributed unilaterally in all embryos. Most clones were confined to a single segment, though a few contributed to sympathetic ganglia over two segments. A majority of the clones gave rise to cells in multiple neural crest derivatives. Individual migrating neural crest cells gave rise to both sensory and sympathetic neurons (neurofilament-positive), as well as cells with the morphological characteristics of Schwann cells, and other non-neuronal cells (both neurofilament-negative). Even those clones contributing to only one neural crest derivative often contained both neurofilament-positive and neurofilament-negative cells. Our data demonstrate that migrating trunk neural crest cells can be multipotent, giving rise to cells in multiple neural crest derivatives, and contributing to both neuronal and non-neuronal elements within a given derivative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Circ-Ctnnb1 regulates neuronal injury in spinal cord injury through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialong Qi ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Zhidong Zhang ◽  
Zongsheng Yin ◽  
Yiming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cord Injury

Study design: Spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model and cell model were established for in vivo and in vitro experiments. Functional assays were utilized to explore the role of the circRNAs derived from catenin beta 1 (mmu_circ_0001859, circ-Ctnnb1 herein) in regulating neuronal cell viability and apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis and mechanism experiments were conducted to assess the underlying molecular mechanism of circ-Ctnnb1. Objective: We aimed to probe into the biological function of circ-Ctnnb1 in neuronal cells of SCI. Methods: The rat model of SCI and hypoxia-induced cell model were constructed to examine circ-Ctnnb1 expression in SCI through quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score was utilized for evaluating the neurological function. Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl Transferase Mediated Nick End labeling (TUNEL) assays were performed to assess the apoptosis of neuronal cells. RNase R and Actinomycin D (ActD) were used to treat cells to evaluate the stability of circ-Ctnnb1. Results: Circ-Ctnnb1 was highly expressed in SCI rat models and hypoxia-induced neuronal cells, and its deletion elevated the apoptosis rate of hypoxia-induced neuronal cells. Furthermore, circ-Ctnnb1 activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via sponging mircoRNA-205-5p (miR-205-5p) to up-regulate Ctnnb1 and Wnt family member 2B (Wnt2b). Conclusion: Circ-Ctnnb1 promotes SCI through regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling via modulating the miR-205-5p/Ctnnb1/Wnt2b axis.

An autoradiographic analysis of the development of the chick trigeminal ganglion

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Adele D'Amico-Martel ◽  
Drew M. Noden
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglion ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dark Neurons ◽  
Immature Neurons ◽  
Autoradiographic Analysis ◽  
The Times ◽  
Unique Relationship

The avian trigeminal ganglion, which is embryonically derived from the neural crest and epidermal placodes, consists of two topographically segregated classes of immature neurons, large and small, during the second week of incubation, and two neuronal cell types, dark and light, interspersed throughout the mature ganglion. In order to establish the times of terminal mitosis of trigeminal sensory neurons, embryos were treated with [3H]thymidine during the first week of incubation and their ganglia fixed on embryonic day 11. The embryonically large, distal, placodal-derived neurons are generated between days 2 and 5, while the small, proximal, neural crest-derived neurons are formed mostly between days 4 and 7. By comparing the locations of labeled cells in ganglia treated with isotope but fixed on day 18 of incubation with their 11-day counterparts, we have proved that there are no morphogenetic rearrangements of neurons during the final week of incubation. Thus, no unique relationship exists between the two neuron types in the mature ganglion and the two cell classes in the immature trigeminal. Therefore, both the light and the dark neurons in the mature trigeminal ganglion arise from neural crest as well as placodal primordia.

BMP signaling pathway and spinal cord development

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Xie ◽  
Nengyin Sheng ◽  
Naihe Jing
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Spinal Cord Development

scholarly journals Neural crest induction in Xenopus: evidence for a two-signal model

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (13) ◽  
pp. 2403-2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. LaBonne ◽  
M. Bronner-Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Signal Model ◽  
Zinc Finger Transcription Factor ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Wnt Signal

We have investigated the molecular interactions underlying neural crest formation in Xenopus. Using chordin overexpression to antagonize endogenous BMP signaling in whole embryos and explants, we demonstrate that such inhibition alone is insufficient to account for neural crest induction in vivo. We find, however, that chordin-induced neural plate tissue can be induced to adopt neural crest fates by members of the FGF and Wnt families, growth factors that have previously been shown to posteriorize induced neural tissue. Overexpression of a dominant negative XWnt-8 inhibits the expression of neural crest markers, demonstrating the necessity for a Wnt signal during neural crest induction in vivo. The requirement for Wnt signaling during neural crest induction is shown to be direct, whereas FGF-mediated neural crest induction may be mediated by Wnt signals. Overexpression of the zinc finger transcription factor Slug, one of the earliest markers of neural crest formation, is insufficient for neural crest induction. Slug-expressing ectoderm will generate neural crest in the presence of Wnt or FGF-like signals, however, bypassing the need for BMP inhibition in this process. A two-step model for neural crest induction is proposed.

scholarly journals Human axial progenitors generate trunk neural crest cells in vitro

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas JR Frith ◽  
Ilaria Granata ◽  
Matthew Wind ◽  
Erin Stout ◽  
Oliver Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Axial Position ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Vitro Differentiation ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Axis Elongation ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest

The neural crest (NC) is a multipotent embryonic cell population that generates distinct cell types in an axial position-dependent manner. The production of NC cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is a valuable approach to study human NC biology. However, the origin of human trunk NC remains undefined and current in vitro differentiation strategies induce only a modest yield of trunk NC cells. Here we show that hPSC-derived axial progenitors, the posteriorly-located drivers of embryonic axis elongation, give rise to trunk NC cells and their derivatives. Moreover, we define the molecular signatures associated with the emergence of human NC cells of distinct axial identities in vitro. Collectively, our findings indicate that there are two routes toward a human post-cranial NC state: the birth of cardiac and vagal NC is facilitated by retinoic acid-induced posteriorisation of an anterior precursor whereas trunk NC arises within a pool of posterior axial progenitors.

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