scholarly journals A petunia MADS box gene involved in the transition from vegetative to reproductive development

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (22) ◽  
pp. 5117-5126 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Immink ◽  
D.J. Hannapel ◽  
S. Ferrario ◽  
M. Busscher ◽  
J. Franken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Floral Meristem ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Meristem Identity ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
Vegetative Shoot Apex ◽  
Meristem Identity Gene ◽  
Transition To Flowering

We have identified a novel petunia MADS box gene, PETUNIA FLOWERING GENE (PFG), which is involved in the transition from vegetative to reproductive development. PFG is expressed in the entire plant except stamens, roots and seedlings. Highest expression levels of PFG are found in vegetative and inflorescence meristems. Inhibition of PFG expression in transgenic plants, using a cosuppression strategy, resulted in a unique nonflowering phenotype. Homozygous pfg cosuppression plants are blocked in the formation of inflorescences and maintain vegetative growth. In these mutants, the expression of both PFG and the MADS box gene FLORAL BINDING PROTEIN26 (FBP26), the putative petunia homolog of SQUAMOSA from Antirrhinum, are down-regulated. In hemizygous pfg cosuppression plants initially a few flowers are formed, after which the meristem reverts to the vegetative phase. This reverted phenotype suggests that PFG, besides being required for floral transition, is also required to maintain the reproductive identity after this transition. The position of PFG in the hierarchy of genes controlling floral meristem development was investigated using a double mutant of the floral meristem identity mutant aberrant leaf and flower (alf) and the pfg cosuppression mutant. This analysis revealed that the pfg cosuppression phenotype is epistatic to the alf mutant phenotype, indicating that PFG acts early in the transition to flowering. These results suggest that the petunia MADS box gene, PFG, functions as an inflorescence meristem identity gene required for the transition of the vegetative shoot apex to the reproductive phase and the maintenance of reproductive identity.

scholarly journals PROLIFERATING INFLORESCENCE MERISTEM, a MADS-Box Gene That Regulates Floral Meristem Identity in Pea

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 1150-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Taylor ◽  
Julie M.I. Hofer ◽  
Ian C. Murfet ◽  
John D. Sollinger ◽  
Susan R. Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Meristem ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Inflorescence Meristem ◽  
Floral Meristem Identity ◽  
Meristem Identity ◽  
Mads Box Gene

scholarly journals Isolation and Functional Analysis of a PISTILLATA-like MADS-Box Gene from Argan Tree (Argania spinosa)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1665
Author(s):  
Marwa Louati ◽  
Blanca Salazar-Sarasua ◽  
Edelín Roque ◽  
José Pío Beltrán ◽  
Amel Salhi Hannachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Genetic Network ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Argania Spinosa ◽  
Mads Box Gene

Argan trees (Argania spinosa) belong to a species native to southwestern Morocco, playing an important role in the environment and local economy. Argan oil extracted from kernels has a unique composition and properties. Argan trees were introduced in Tunisia, where hundreds of trees can be found nowadays. In this study, we examined reproductive development in Argan trees from four sites in Tunisia and carried out the functional characterization of a floral homeotic gene in this non-model species. Despite the importance of reproductive development, nothing is known about the genetic network controlling flower development in Argania spinosa. Results obtained in several plant species established that floral organ development is mostly controlled by MADS-box genes and, in particular, APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI) homologs are required for proper petal and stamen identity. Here, we describe the isolation and functional characterization of a MADS-box gene from Argania spinosa. Phylogenetic analyses showed strong homology with PI-like proteins, and the expression of the gene was found to be restricted to the second and third whorls. Functional homology with Arabidopsis PI was demonstrated by the ability of AsPI to confer petal and stamen identity when overexpressed in a pi-1 mutant background. The identification and characterization of this gene support the strong conservation of PI homologs among distant angiosperm plants.

scholarly journals Suppression of a Vegetative MADS Box Gene of Potato Activates Axillary Meristem Development

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 1613-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye M. Rosin ◽  
Jennifer K. Hart ◽  
Harry Van Onckelen ◽  
David J. Hannapel
Keyword(s):  
Axillary Meristem ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Mads Box Gene

PpAG1, a homolog of AGAMOUS, expressed in developing peach flowers and fruit

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Martin ◽  
Ming Hu ◽  
Hélène Labbé ◽  
Sylvia McHugh ◽  
Antonet Svircev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Floral Meristem ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Constitutive Overexpression ◽  
Mads Box Gene

MADS-box transcription factors are known to play a central role in floral organ identity and floral meristem determinacy in many gymnosperms and angiosperms. Studies of this nature are limited in fruit tree species despite the economic importance of this group. A peach ( Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) gene, PpAG1, was isolated and shown to be homologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. MADS-box gene AGAMOUS (AG). It is a single gene in peach and codes for a type II or MIKC-type MADS-box protein. The features of the deduced protein sequence indicate that it is similar to other AG homologs from woody plant species. The spatial and developmental patterns of expression parallel those of AG and homologs from other angiosperms with similar floral structures but with some minor differences. In the floral meristem, where AG is responsible for conversion of the vegetative meristem into the floral meristem, the differentiation of the whorls that generate the carpels and stamens coincides with the tissue-specific expression of PpAG1. It continues to be expressed in the ovules, developing fruit and seeds that subsequently develop from the carpels. Constitutive overexpression of PpAG1 in Arabidopsis, using the 35S promoter, caused the homeotic conversion of sepals to carpelloid tissues and altered petal development. This is consistent with C-function genes according to the ABC model of flower development. The data support the conclusion that PpAG1 is the peach homolog of Arabidopsis AG.

scholarly journals Short Vegetative Phase-Like MADS-Box Genes Inhibit Floral Meristem Identity in Barley

2006 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Trevaskis ◽  
Million Tadege ◽  
Megan N. Hemming ◽  
W. James Peacock ◽  
Elizabeth S. Dennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Meristem ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Floral Meristem Identity ◽  
Short Vegetative Phase ◽  
Meristem Identity

scholarly journals FRUITFULL-like genes regulate flowering time and inflorescence architecture in tomato

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Jiang ◽  
Greice Lubini ◽  
José Hernandes-Lopes ◽  
Kim Rijnsburger ◽  
Vera Veltkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Inflorescence Meristem ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Inflorescence Architecture ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Transition To Flowering

ABSTRACTThe timing of flowering and inflorescence architecture are critical for the reproductive success of tomato, but the gene regulatory networks underlying these traits are still hardly explored. Here we show that the tomato FRUITFULL-like (FUL-like) genes FUL2 and MADS-BOX PROTEIN 20 (MBP20) induce flowering and repress inflorescence branching. FUL1 fulfils a less prominent role and appears to depend on FUL2 and MBP20 for its upregulation in the inflorescence meristem. Our results demonstrate that MBP10, the fourth tomato FUL-like gene, has probably lost its function. The tomato FUL-like proteins cannot homodimerize, but heterodimerize with JOINTLESS (J), SlMBP21 (J2), ENHANCER OF JOINTLESS (EJ2/MADS1) and the SOC1-homolog TOMATO MADS-box gene 3 (TM3), which are co-expressed during inflorescence meristem maturation. Transcriptome analysis revealed various interesting downstream targets, including five repressors of cytokinin signaling, which are all upregulated during the vegetative-to-reproductive transition in ful1/ful2/mbp10/mbp20 mutants. FUL2 and MBP20 can also bind in vitro to the upstream regions of these genes, thereby probably directly stimulating cell division in the meristem upon the transition to flowering. Our research reveals that the four tomato FUL-like genes have diverged functions, but together regulate the important developmental processes flowering time, inflorescence architecture and fruit development.

scholarly journals Redundant regulation of meristem identity and plant architecture by FRUITFULL, APETALA1 and CAULIFLOWER

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ferrandiz ◽  
Q. Gu ◽  
R. Martienssen ◽  
M.F. Yanofsky
Keyword(s):  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Inflorescence Architecture ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Leafy Shoots ◽  
Meristem Identity ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
Reproductive Phases

The transition from vegetative to reproductive phases during Arabidopsis development is the result of a complex interaction of environmental and endogenous factors. One of the key regulators of this transition is LEAFY (LFY), whose threshold levels of activity are proposed to mediate the initiation of flowers. The closely related APETALA1 (AP1) and CAULIFLOWER (CAL) meristem identity genes are also important for flower initiation, in part because of their roles in upregulating LFY expression. We have found that mutations in the FRUITFULL (FUL) MADS-box gene, when combined with mutations in AP1 and CAL, lead to a dramatic non-flowering phenotype in which plants continuously elaborate leafy shoots in place of flowers. We demonstrate that this phenotype is caused both by the lack of LFY upregulation and by the ectopic expression of the TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) gene. Our results suggest that the FUL, AP1 and CAL genes act redundantly to control inflorescence architecture by affecting the domains of LFY and TFL1 expression as well as the relative levels of their activities.

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