Role of GGF/neuregulin signaling in interactions between migrating neurons and radial glia in the developing cerebral cortex

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (18) ◽  
pp. 3501-3510 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Anton ◽  
M.A. Marchionni ◽  
K.F. Lee ◽  
P. Rakic
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Neuronal Migration ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Glial Development ◽  
Radial Glial

During neuronal migration to the developing cerebral cortex, neurons regulate radial glial cell function and radial glial cells, in turn, support neuronal cell migration and differentiation. To study how migrating neurons and radial glial cells influence each others' function in the developing cerebral cortex, we examined the role of glial growth factor (a soluble form of neuregulin), in neuron-radial glial interactions. Here, we show that GGF is expressed by migrating cortical neurons and promotes their migration along radial glial fibers. Concurrently, GGF also promotes the maintenance and elongation of radial glial cells, which are essential for guiding neuronal migration to the cortex. In the absence of GGF signaling via erbB2 receptors, radial glial development is abnormal. Furthermore, GGF's regulation of radial glial development is mediated in part by brain lipid-binding protein (BLBP), a neuronally induced, radial glial molecule, previously shown to be essential for the establishment and maintenance of radial glial fiber system. The ability of GGF to influence both neuronal migration and radial glial development in a mutually dependent manner suggests that it functions as a mediator of interactions between migrating neurons and radial glial cells in the developing cerebral cortex.

scholarly journals A transient role of primary cilia in controlling direct versus indirect neurogenesis in the developing cerebral cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Hasenpusch-Theil ◽  
Christine Laclef ◽  
Matt Colligan ◽  
Eamon Fitzgerald ◽  
Katherine Howe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Primary Cilia ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glial ◽  
Neuronal Subtype ◽  
Layer V ◽  
Mtor Signalling

ABSTRACTDuring the development of the cerebral cortex, neurons are generated directly from radial glial cells or indirectly via basal progenitors. The balance between these division modes determines the number and types of neurons formed in the cortex thereby affecting cortical functioning. Here, we investigate the role of primary cilia in this process. We show that a mutation in the ciliary gene Inpp5e leads to a transient increase in direct neurogenesis and subsequently to an overproduction of layer V neurons in newborn mice. Loss of Inpp5e also affects ciliary structure coinciding with increased Akt and mTOR signalling and reduced Gli3 repressor levels. Genetically re-storing Gli3 repressor rescues the decreased indirect neurogenesis in Inpp5e mutants. Overall, our analyses reveal how primary cilia determine neuronal subtype composition of the cortex by controlling direct vs indirect neurogenesis. These findings have implications for understanding cortical malformations in ciliopathies with INPP5E mutations.

scholarly journals Role of radial glial cells in cerebral cortex folding

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Borrell ◽  
Magdalena Götz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glial

scholarly journals A transient role of the ciliary gene Inpp5e in controlling direct versus indirect neurogenesis in cortical development

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Hasenpusch-Theil ◽  
Christine Laclef ◽  
Matt Colligan ◽  
Eamon Fitzgerald ◽  
Katherine Howe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Primary Cilia ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glial ◽  
Neuronal Subtype ◽  
Layer V

During the development of the cerebral cortex, neurons are generated directly from radial glial cells or indirectly via basal progenitors. The balance between these division modes determines the number and types of neurons formed in the cortex thereby affecting cortical functioning. Here, we investigate the role of primary cilia in controlling the decision between forming neurons directly or indirectly. We show that a mutation in the ciliary gene Inpp5e leads to a transient increase in direct neurogenesis and subsequently to an overproduction of layer V neurons in newborn mice. Loss of Inpp5e also affects ciliary structure coinciding with reduced Gli3 repressor levels. Genetically restoring Gli3 repressor rescues the decreased indirect neurogenesis in Inpp5e mutants. Overall, our analyses reveal how primary cilia determine neuronal subtype composition of the cortex by controlling direct versus indirect neurogenesis. These findings have implications for understanding cortical malformations in ciliopathies with INPP5E mutations.

scholarly journals Inhibited maturation of astrocytes caused by maternal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake deficiency hinders the development of brain glial cells in neonatal rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Yamamoto ◽  
Ayako Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroki Tanabe ◽  
Naomichi Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Somatosensory Cortices ◽  
Radial Glial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The brain is rich in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which play an essential role in its development and functions. Here we examined the impact of maternal n-3 PUFA intake deficiency during gestation and lactation on the development of glial cells in the pup’s developing cerebral cortex. In addition, using myelination as indicator and the anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) as measurement to establish the relationship between the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells and the development of oligodendrocytes, we determined the myelination state of the somatosensory cortex at day 14 postnatal. Rat dams were fed either a control (Cont) or an n-3 PUFA-deficient (Def) diet for 60 days (acclimatisation :14 days; gestation: 21 days; lactation:21 days). Pups lactated from dams throughout the experiment. The distribution pattern of astrocytes in pups on day 7 postnatal was immunohistochemically analysed using GFAP and brain lipid binding protein (BLBP) as markers for mature astrocytes and astrocyte-specific radial glial cells, respectively. It was observed that, when compared with Cont pups, GFAP-positive cells decreased, BLBP-positive cells increased and myelinated structures were sparser in the somatosensory cortices of Def pups. In the open field test on day 21 postnatal, behavioural parameters did not differ between groups. Our results indicated that inhibited maturation of astrocytes caused by maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency hindered the development of brain glial cells of neonatal rats and hence, maternal n-3 PUFA intake during the gestation and lactation periods may have been crucial for the brain cell composition of pups.

scholarly journals ATF5 deficiency causes abnormal cortical development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Umemura ◽  
Yasuyuki Kaneko ◽  
Ryoko Tanabe ◽  
Yuji Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Ventricular Zone ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Migration ◽  
Radial Glial

AbstractActivating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is a member of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)/ATF family of basic leucine zipper transcription factors. We previously reported that ATF5-deficient (ATF5−/−) mice exhibited behavioural abnormalities, including abnormal social interactions, reduced behavioural flexibility, increased anxiety-like behaviours, and hyperactivity in novel environments. ATF5−/− mice may therefore be a useful animal model for psychiatric disorders. ATF5 is highly expressed in the ventricular zone and subventricular zone during cortical development, but its physiological role in higher-order brain structures remains unknown. To investigate the cause of abnormal behaviours exhibited by ATF5−/− mice, we analysed the embryonic cerebral cortex of ATF5−/− mice. The ATF5−/− embryonic cerebral cortex was slightly thinner and had reduced numbers of radial glial cells and neural progenitor cells, compared to a wild-type cerebral cortex. ATF5 deficiency also affected the basal processes of radial glial cells, which serve as a scaffold for radial migration during cortical development. Further, the radial migration of cortical upper layer neurons was impaired in ATF5−/− mice. These results suggest that ATF5 deficiency affects cortical development and radial migration, which may partly contribute to the observed abnormal behaviours.

scholarly journals Specification of CNS glia from neural stem cells in the embryonic neuroepithelium

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1489) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Kessaris ◽  
Nigel Pringle ◽  
William D Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Extracellular Signals ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Radial Glial

All the neurons and glial cells of the central nervous system are generated from the neuroepithelial cells in the walls of the embryonic neural tube, the ‘embryonic neural stem cells’. The stem cells seem to be equivalent to the so-called ‘radial glial cells’, which for many years had been regarded as a specialized type of glial cell. These radial cells generate different classes of neurons in a position-dependent manner. They then switch to producing glial cells (oligodendrocytes and astrocytes). It is not known what drives the neuron–glial switch, although downregulation of pro-neural basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors is one important step. This drives the stem cells from a neurogenic towards a gliogenic mode. The stem cells then choose between developing as oligodendrocytes or astrocytes, of which there might be intrinsically different subclasses. This review focuses on the different extracellular signals and intracellular responses that influence glial generation and the choice between oligodendrocyte and astrocyte fates.

scholarly journals Coevolution of radial glial cells and the cerebral cortex

Glia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1303-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camino De Juan Romero ◽  
Víctor Borrell
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glial
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document