scholarly journals Slmb antagonises the aPKC/Par-6 complex to control oocyte and epithelial polarity

Development ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (15) ◽  
pp. 2984-2992 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Morais-de-Sa ◽  
A. Mukherjee ◽  
N. Lowe ◽  
D. St Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Polarity ◽  
Control Oocyte

scholarly journals Interaction of phosphorylated Rab11-FIP2 with Eps15 regulates apical junction composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1088-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne A. Lapierre ◽  
Elizabeth H. Manning ◽  
Kenya M. Mitchell ◽  
Cathy M. Caldwell ◽  
James R. Goldenring
Keyword(s):  
Mdck Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
Epithelial Polarity ◽  
Lateral Membrane ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Single Lumen ◽  
Apical Junctions ◽  
Temporal Localization

MARK2 regulates the establishment of polarity in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells in part through phosphorylation of serine 227 of Rab11-FIP2. We identified Eps15 as an interacting partner of phospho-S227-Rab11-FIP2 (pS227-FIP2). During recovery from low calcium, Eps15 localized to the lateral membrane before pS227-FIP2 arrival. Later in recovery, Eps15 and pS227-FIP2 colocalized at the lateral membrane. In MDCK cells expressing the pseudophosphorylated FIP2 mutant FIP2(S227E), during recovery from low calcium, Eps15 was trapped and never localized to the lateral membrane. Mutation of any of the three NPF domains within GFP-FIP2(S227E) rescued Eps15 localization at the lateral membrane and reestablished single-lumen cyst formation in GFP-FIP2(S227E)–expressing cells in three-dimensional (3D) culture. Whereas expression of GFP-FIP2(S227E) induced the loss of E-cadherin and occludin, mutation of any of the NPF domains of GFP-FIP2(S227E) reestablished both proteins at the apical junctions. Knockdown of Eps15 altered the spatial and temporal localization of pS227-FIP2 and also elicited formation of multiple lumens in MDCK 3D cysts. Thus an interaction of Eps15 and pS227-FIP2 at the appropriate time and location in polarizing cells is necessary for proper establishment of epithelial polarity.

scholarly journals Robotic Precisely Oocyte Blind Enucleation Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850
Author(s):  
Xiangfei Zhao ◽  
Maosheng Cui ◽  
Yidi Zhang ◽  
Yaowei Liu ◽  
Xin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
Translation Control ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Control Oocyte ◽  
Key Techniques

Oocyte enucleation is a critical procedure for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Yet, the main steps of oocyte enucleation are still manually operated, which presents several drawbacks such as low precision, high repetition error, and long training time for operators. For improving the operation efficiency and success rate, a robotic precise oocyte blind enucleation method is presented in this paper. The proposed method involves the following key techniques: oocyte translation control, oocyte immobilization and penetration control, and enucleation volume control based on the adaptive slide mode. Compared with the manual blind enucleation method, the proposed robotic blind enucleation method reduced the operation time by 44.5% (manual method: 62 s vs. proposed method: 34.4 s), increased the accuracy of enucleation by 83.1% (manual method: 30.7 vs. proposed method: 5.2), increased the success rate from 80% to 93.3%, and increased the cleavage rate from 41.7% to 63.3%.

scholarly journals In Vitro Oocyte Maturation and Ovulation in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri), Northern Pike (Esox lucius), and Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 974-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Jalabert
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Control Oocyte ◽  
Follicle Maturation ◽  
Ovulatory Process ◽  
Matured Oocyte

The endocrine processes which control oocyte maturation (resumption of meiosis) and ovulation have been studied in vitro in the trout Salmo gairdneri. Follicular maturation is ultimately under the control of a pituitary gonadotropin which induces the follicle to synthesize specific steroids; these steroids act in turn directly on the oocyte to promote maturation. The systematic study of the in vitro efficiency of various steroids have shown that 17α-hydroxy-20β-dihydroprogesterone plays a preferential role in initiating maturation; this steroid has a high affinity for a plasma protein system. The efficiency of this steroid, similarly to the efficiency of the gonadotropin, can be modulated by other circulating steroids. The precise chronology of some events of follicle maturation have been defined using inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis.The ovulatory process (sensu stricto: expulsion of matured oocyte from the follicular envelopes) has been experimentally dissociated from oocyte maturation, and some mediators likely to act on ovulation have been identified.These data permit the consideration of novel means of intervention at the ovarian level to synchronize maturation and ovulation in fish, in order to give new tools for progress in aquaculture.

scholarly journals c-erbB-3

2002 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Offterdinger ◽  
Christian Schöfer ◽  
Klara Weipoltshammer ◽  
Thomas W. Grunt
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Erbb Receptors ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Epithelial Polarity

c-erbB receptors are usually located in cell membranes and are activated by extracellular binding of EGF-like growth factors. Unexpectedly, using immunofluorescence we found high levels of c-erbB-3 within the nuclei of MTSV1-7 immortalized nonmalignant human mammary epithelial cells. Nuclear localization was mediated by the COOH terminus of c-erbB-3, and a nuclear localization signal was identified by site-directed mutagenesis and by transfer of the signal to chicken pyruvate kinase. A nuclear export inhibitor caused accumulation of c-erbB-3 in the nuclei of other mammary epithelial cell lines as demonstrated by immunofluorescence and biochemical cell fractionation, suggesting that c-erbB-3 shuttles between nuclear and nonnuclear compartments in these cells. Growth of MTSV1-7 on permeable filters induced epithelial polarity and concentration of c-erbB-3 within the nucleoli. However, the c-erbB-3 ligand heregulin β1 shifted c-erbB-3 from the nucleolus into the nucleoplasm and then into the cytoplasm. The subcellular localization of c-erbB-3 obviously depends on exogenous stimuli and on the stage of epithelial polarity and challenges the specific function of c-erbB-3 as a transmembrane receptor protein arguing for additional, as yet unidentified, roles of c-erbB-3 within the nucle(ol)us of mammary epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Awakening the oocyte: controlling primordial follicle development

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen A McLaughlin ◽  
Skye C McIver
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Control Oocyte ◽  
Signalling Systems

Oocytes are sequestered in primordial follicles before birth and remain quiescent in the ovary, often for decades, until recruited into the growing pool throughout the reproductive years. Therefore, activation of follicle growth is a major biological checkpoint that controls female reproductive potential. However, we are only just beginning to elucidate the cellular mechanisms required for either maintenance of the quiescent primordial follicle pool or initiation of follicle growth. Understanding the intracellular signalling systems that control oocyte maintenance and activation has significant implications for improving female reproductive productivity and longevity in mammals, and has application in domestic animal husbandry, feral animal population control and infertility in women.

Renal epithelial polarity in health and disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Wagner ◽  
B. A. Molitoris
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Polarity ◽  
Health And Disease
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