Patterning of connective tissues in the head: discussion report

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 103 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Brain K. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Embryonic Induction ◽  
Brain Growth ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Matrix Products ◽  
Mammalian Embryos ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest ◽  
Primary Embryonic Induction ◽  
Homogenous Population

The three papers presented by Noden, Thorogood and Lumsden in this session encompassed the connective tissues as broadly defined, i.e. soft (fibrous) connective tissue, cartilage, bone, muscle and the dental tissues, enamel and dentine, and utilized a variety of experimental techniques on both avian and mammalian embryos to explore specificity and patterning of the vertebrate head. Whether similar developmental processes pattern homologous structures in different Vertebrate classes (Amphibia, Aves, Mammalia) was discussed with reference to patterning of the cranial musculature, chondrocranium and dental tissues. A number of challenging ideas emerged during this session. Does the premigratory neural crest consist of a homogenous population of totipotent cells or of subpopulations of bi- or tripotential cells? Is fundamental patterning of the head an early embryonic event, perhaps specified during primary embryonic induction or the consequence of neuroepithelial folding, brain growth, inductive interactions and/or spatially and temporally distributed extracellular matrix products? Can the fact that mesoderm and angioblasts do not display distinctive patterning that relates to their particular embryologic origins be extrapolated to patterning in general? How does the documentation of an ondontogenic trunk neural crest in mammals affect our theories of how patterning mechanisms arose or were modified during vertebrate evolution?

Mesectodermal capabilities of the trunk neural crest of birds

Development ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Harukazu Nakamura ◽  
Christiane S. Ayer-Le Lievre
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Paraxial Mesoderm ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Orthotopic Transplantation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest ◽  
Fringe Area ◽  
Transplantation Experiments

Orthotopic transplantation experiments have shown that in birds, under normal conditions, mesectodermal capabilities seem restricted to the cephalic neural crest down to the level of the 5th somite. In the present study the mesectodermal capabilities of trunk and lumbar neural crest were investigated at early stages of development by heterotopic, heterospecific transplantation of the neural primordium. The quail-chick nuclear marker system was used to identify the grafted cells. Mesectodermal cells did not arise from the trunk neural crest when this was implanted orthotopically, even though the neural primordium was taken early in development at the level of unsegmented plate mesoderm just anterior to Hensen's node. Mesectodermal derivatives (connective tissues, dermis and muscle but no cartilage or bone) developed from the same trunk neural crest fragments when they were heterotopically grafted at the cephalic level and mixed with host cephalic neural crest cells. These host cephalic neural crest cells emigrated from the contralateral neural primordium when the graft was unilateral or from the fringe area of the operation in cases of bilateral transplantations. As a control, unsegmented paraxial mesoderm was inserted alongside the cephalic neural tube; its cells did not migrate ventrally in the neural crest-derived area and they differentiated in the dorsal region of the host. These results indicate that mesectodermal capabilities, though reduced, exist in the trunk neural crest at early stages of development but the differentiation of these mesectodermal derivativesis largely dependent upon environmental influences which may be found in early cephalic levels.

scholarly journals Molecular and Cellular Features of Murine Craniofacial and Trunk Neural Crest Cells as Stem Cell-Like Cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e84072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunie Hagiwara ◽  
Takeshi Obayashi ◽  
Nobuyuki Sakayori ◽  
Emiko Yamanishi ◽  
Ryuhei Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest

scholarly journals Characterization of late emerging trunk neural crest cells in the turtle Trachemys scripta

2010 ◽  
Vol 344 (1) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Judith A. Cebra-Thomas ◽  
James Robinson ◽  
Melinda Yin ◽  
James McCarthy ◽  
Sonal Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Trachemys Scripta ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest

The embryonic trunk neural crest microenvironment regulates the plasticity and invasion of human neuroblastoma via TrkB signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 480 ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Kasemeier-Kulesa ◽  
Jennifer A. Spengler ◽  
Connor E. Muolo ◽  
Jason A. Morrison ◽  
Thomas E. Woolley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest

The cephalic neural crest provides pericytes and smooth muscle cells to all blood vessels of the face and forebrain

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (7) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Etchevers ◽  
C. Vincent ◽  
N.M. Le Douarin ◽  
G.F. Couly
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mesodermal Origin ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Most connective tissues in the head develop from neural crest cells (NCCs), an embryonic cell population present only in vertebrates. We show that NCC-derived pericytes and smooth muscle cells are distributed in a sharply circumscribed sector of the vasculature of the avian embryo. As NCCs detach from the neural folds that correspond to the future posterior diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon, they migrate between the ectoderm and the neuroepithelium into the anterior/ventral head, encountering mesoderm-derived endothelial precursors. Together, these two cell populations build a vascular tree rooted at the departure of the aorta from the heart and ramified into the capillary plexi that irrigate the forebrain meninges, retinal choroids and all facial structures, before returning to the heart. NCCs ensheath each aortic arch-derived vessel, providing every component except the endothelial cells. Within the meninges, capillaries with pericytes of diencephalic and mesencephalic neural fold origin supply the forebrain, while capillaries with pericytes of mesodermal origin supply the rest of the central nervous system, in a mutually exclusive manner. The two types of head vasculature contact at a few defined points, including the anastomotic vessels of the circle of Willis, immediately ventral to the forebrain/midbrain boundary. Over the course of evolution, the vertebrate subphylum may have exploited the exceptionally broad range of developmental potentialities and the plasticity of NCCs in head remodelling that resulted in the growth of the forebrain.

Draxin inhibits chick trunk neural crest delamination and migration by increasing cell adhesion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Du ◽  
Sanbing Zhang ◽  
Jiqian Zhao ◽  
Sha Li ◽  
Wenyong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest ◽  
And Migration

Changes in lectin-mediated agglutinability during primary embryonic induction in the amphibian embryo

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Francisco D. Barbieri ◽  
Sara S. Sánchez ◽  
Enrique J. Del Pino
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
The Other ◽  
Embryonic Induction ◽  
Potassium Oxalate ◽  
Amphibian Embryo ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Embryonic Induction

The present study was undertaken to investigate structural alterations at the surfaceof presumptive neural cells after primary embryonic induction. For this purpose, plant lectinmediated agglutinability of dissociated cells from the epiblast of Bufo arenarum gastrulae was tested. Two fragments of epiblast were excised from the same mid-gastrula: one from the dorsal side of the egg, making contact with the invaginating chordamesoblast and assumed to be composed of determined cells and the other from the ventral region of the egg, facing the blastocoele cavity and assumed to be composed of undetermined cells. Cells of the pooled fragments were dissociated in calcium-free Holtfreter's solution with potassium oxalate and incubated in the presence of different concentrations of phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. Epiblast cells overlying the archenteron roof are less agglutinated with both lectins than undetermined cells. On the other hand, when egg fragments were removed from the dorsal and ventral regions of early gastrulae before the archenteron was formed, no significant difference in lectin-mediated agglutinability was observed, even after having been cultured in vitro in absence of inducing tissue. These results suggest that the target of the inducing signal generated in the mesoblast is likely to be located on the surface of epiblast cells. Additional experiments showed that cells pretreated with colchicine, cytochalasin B or colchicine and cytochalasin B simultaneously exhibit no significant variation in agglutinability, suggesting that the cytoskeleton was not be involved in the cell surface alteration here described. Treatment of whole embryos or sandwich explants with concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin has no effect on neural tube formation, suggesting that the carbohydratecontaining binding sites for these lectins are not involved in primary embryonic induction. Changes in cell agglutinability described in this paper are to be interpreted thus as a secondary expression of structural alterations in the cell surface concomitant with neural determination.

scholarly journals Establishment of a murine culture system for modeling the temporal progression of cranial and trunk neural crest cell differentiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. dmm035097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria R. Replogle ◽  
Virinchipuram S. Sreevidya ◽  
Vivian M. Lee ◽  
Michael D. Laiosa ◽  
Kurt R. Svoboda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest ◽  
Crest Cell
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