scholarly journals Caspase-independent cell engulfment mirrors cell death pattern in Drosophila embryos

Development ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (23) ◽  
pp. 5779-5789 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mergliano
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Death Pattern ◽  
Cell Engulfment ◽  
Drosophila Embryos

Patterned epidermal cell death in wild-type and segment polarity mutant Drosophila embryos

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (17) ◽  
pp. 3427-3436 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Pazdera ◽  
P. Janardhan ◽  
J.S. Minden
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Segment Polarity ◽  
Genetic Perturbations ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes ◽  
Cell Death Pattern ◽  
Drosophila Embryos

Programmed cell death plays an essential role in the normal embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster. One region of the embryo where cell death occurs, but has not been studied in detail, is the abdominal epidermis. Because cell death is a fleeting process, we have used time-lapse, fluorescence microscopy to map epidermal apoptosis throughout embryonic development. Cell death occurs in a stereotypically striped pattern near both sides of the segment border and to a lesser extent in the middle of the segment. This map of wild-type cell death was used to determine how cell death patterns change in response to genetic perturbations that affect epidermal patterning. Previous studies have suggested that segment polarity mutant phenotypes are partially the result of increased cell death. Mutations in wingless, armadillo, and gooseberry led to dramatic increases in apoptosis in the anterior of the segment while a naked mutation resulted in a dramatic increase in the death of engrailed cells in the posterior of the segment. These results show that segment polarity gene expression is necessary for the survival of specific rows of epidermal cells and may provide insight into the establishment of the wild-type epidermal cell death pattern.

scholarly journals Distribution of starch, lipid and nuclei in xylem and phloem of Tectona grandis Linn.

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Azharul Islam ◽  
Shahanara Begum
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Tree Breeding Program ◽  
Teak Tree ◽  
Xylem Tissue ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Cell Death Pattern

Context: Reserve materials among different plant tissues vary species to species. The distribution pattern of such materials and cell death pattern in Tectona grandis Linn. are still obscure. Objectives: To study the localization of starch, lipid and nuclei in the phloem, cambium and xylem tissue of T. grandis. Materials and Methods: Blocks containing phloem, cambium and outermost xylem of the stem of 12 years old teak tree collected. Different staining methods used to visualize starch, lipid and nuclei within different cells under light microscope. Results: Starch in parenchyma cells is more abundant in outer xylem than phloem and cambium. Lipids droplets are uniformly distributed in outermost xylem. Phloem parenchyma content few mass of lipids but, limited in cambium. There are many dead cells visualized in both phloem and xylem with characteristic patterns. The results clarify the levels of starch, lipid in tissue of T. grandis and showed distinguished variation among the cell contents. Conclusion: The physiology of plant cells related to transport of nutrients and cell death also illustrated in the report. This would be helpful for further study to improve quality wood through tree breeding program. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.12997 J. bio-sci. 19: 29-35, 2011

Cell death pattern in lens epithelium of cataract patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øyvind Osnes-Ringen ◽  
Kristiane Haug Berg ◽  
Morten C. Moe ◽  
Charlotta Zetterström ◽  
Magnus Røger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Lens Epithelium ◽  
Cell Death Pattern ◽  
Cataract Patients

scholarly journals Apoptotic regulators promote cytokinetic midbody degradation in C. elegans

2012 ◽  
Vol 199 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongping Chai ◽  
Dong Tian ◽  
Yihong Yang ◽  
Guoxin Feng ◽  
Ze Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Daughter Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Imaging Analysis ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Cell Death Genes ◽  
Death Genes ◽  
Cell Engulfment

Cell death genes are essential for apoptosis and other cellular events, but their nonapoptotic functions are not well understood. The midbody is an important cytokinetic structure required for daughter cell abscission, but its fate after cell division remains elusive in metazoans. In this paper, we show through live-imaging analysis that midbodies generated by Q cell divisions in Caenorhabditis elegans were released to the extracellular space after abscission and subsequently internalized and degraded by the phagocyte that digests apoptotic Q cell corpses. We further show that midbody degradation is defective in apoptotic cell engulfment mutants. Externalized phosphatidylserine (PS), an engulfment signal for corpse phagocytosis, exists on the outer surface of the midbody, and inhibiting PS signaling delayed midbody clearance. Thus, our findings uncover a novel function of cell death genes in midbody internalization and degradation after cell division.

scholarly journals Differences in Neuronal Numbers, Morphology and Developmental Apoptosis in Mice Nigra Provide Evidence of Ontogenic Origin of Vulnerability to Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Vidyadhara ◽  
Haorei Yarreiphang ◽  
Trichur R Raju ◽  
Phalguni Anand Alladi
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Admixed Population ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss ◽  
Cell Death Pattern ◽  
Developmental Cell Death

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) prevalence varies by ethnicity. In an earlier study we replicated the reduced vulnerability to PD in an admixed population, using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-susceptible C57BL/6J, MPTP-resistant CD-1 and their F1 crossbreds. In the present study we investigated if the differences have a developmental origin. Substantia nigra was evaluated atpostnatal days 2 (P2), P6, P10, P14, P18, and P22. C57BL/6J mice had smaller nigra and fewer dopaminergic neurons than the CD-1 and crossbreds at P2, which persisted through development. A significant increase in numbers and nigral volume was observed across strains till P14. A drastic decline thereafter was specific to C57BL/6J. CD-1 and crossbreds retained their numbers from P14 to stabilize with supernumerary neurons at adulthood. The neuronal size increased gradually to attain adult morphology at P10 in the resistant strains, vis-à-vis at P22 in C57BL/6J. Accordingly, in comparison to C57BL/6J, the nigra of CD-1 and reciprocal crossbreds possessed cyto-morphological features of resilience, since birth. The considerably lesser dopaminergic neuronal loss in the CD-1 and crossbreds seen at P2, P14 and thereafter was complemented by attenuated developmental cell death. The differences in programmed cell death were confirmed by reduced TUNEL labelling, AIF and caspase-3 expression. GDNF expression aligned with the cell death pattern at P2 and P14 in both nigra and striatum. Earlier maturity of nigra and its neurons appear to be better features that reflect as MPTP-resistance at adulthood. Thus variable MPTP-vulnerability in mice and also differential susceptibility to PD in humans may arise early during nigral development.

scholarly journals The effect of vaginal probiotic therapy on the outcome of papillomavirus infection

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
V. V. Oleynik ◽  
E. A. Kremleva ◽  
A. V. Sgibnev
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaginal Flora ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Vaginal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Vaginal Lactobacilli ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Cell Death Pattern

Aim. To study the effect of vaginal probiotic therapy on the outcome of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.Materials and methods. The study included HPV-infected patients: 29 patients with normal vaginal flora and 146 patients with a deficiency of vaginal lactobacilli, of which 117 patients received vaginal probiotic therapy. In samples obtained before and after the therapy, the effect of the probiotic on the change in the ratio of living, apoptotic, and necrotic vaginal epithelial cells after preliminary exposure to oxidative stress was studied.Results. It was found that probiotics reduce the number of infected epithelial cells that survived the oxidative damage and shift the balance of cell death forms towards apoptosis. Vaginal probiotic therapy in patients with a deficiency of lactobacilli increased the frequency of HPV elimination by 2.5 times and reduced the likelihood of treatment failure from 1.5 to 4 times, depending on the viral load. The probiotic therapy made the structure of HPV outcomes in Lactobacillus-deficient patients similar to that in patients with normal vaginal flora.Conclusion. Vaginal probiotic therapy improves outcomes of HPV infection in patients with a deficiency of lactobacilli by reducing the number of survived infected cells and shifting the cell death pattern towards apoptosis. 

scholarly journals Phagocytic clearance of apoptotic, necrotic, necroptotic and pyroptotic cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia K. Atkin-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Clearance ◽  
Cell Clearance ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Dying Cells ◽  
Cell Engulfment

Although millions of cells in the human body will undergo programmed cell death each day, dying cells are rarely detected under homeostatic settings in vivo. The swift removal of dying cells is due to the rapid recruitment of phagocytes to the site of cell death which then recognise and engulf the dying cell. Apoptotic cell clearance — the engulfment of apoptotic cells by phagocytes — is a well-defined process governed by a series of molecular factors including ‘find-me’, ‘eat-me’, ‘don't eat-me’ and ‘good-bye’ signals. However, in recent years with the rapid expansion of the cell death field, the removal of other necrotic-like cell types has drawn much attention. Depending on the type of death, dying cells employ different mechanisms to facilitate engulfment and elicit varying functional impacts on the phagocyte, from wound healing responses to inflammatory cytokine secretion. Nevertheless, despite the mechanism of death, the clearance of dying cells is a fundamental process required to prevent the uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory mediators and inflammatory disease. This mini-review summarises the current understandings of: (i) apoptotic, necrotic, necroptotic and pyroptotic cell clearance; (ii) the functional consequences of dying cell engulfment and; (iii) the outstanding questions in the field.

scholarly journals Onset of heart failure determines the hepatic cell death pattern

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Herzer ◽  
Guntje Kneiseler ◽  
Lars Peter Bechmann ◽  
Felix Post ◽  
Martin Schlattjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Hepatic Cell ◽  
Cell Death Pattern
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