scholarly journals Mapping the transcriptomic changes of endothelial compartment in human hippocampus across aging and mild cognitive impairment

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel V. Guebel ◽  
Néstor V. Torres ◽  
Ángel Acebes
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Human Hippocampus ◽  
Stress Changes

Compromise of the vascular system has important consequences on cognitive abilities and neurodegeneration. The identification of the main molecular signatures present in the blood vessels of human hippocampus could provide the basis to understand and tackle these pathologies. As direct vascular experimentation in hippocampus is problematic, we achieved this information by computationally disaggregating publicly available whole microarrays data of human hippocampal homogenates. Three conditions were analysed: Young adults, Aged, and Aged with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The genes identified were contrasted against two independent data-sets. Here we show that the endothelial cells from the Younger Group appeared in an “activated stage”. In turn, in the Aged Group, the endothelial cells showed a significant loss of response to shear stress, changes in cell adhesion molecules, increased inflammation, brain-insulin resistance, lipidic alterations, and changes in the extracellular matrix. Some specific changes in the MCI Group were also detected. Noticeably, in this study the features arisen from the Aged Group (high tortuosity, increased bifurcations, and smooth muscle proliferation), pose the need for further experimental verification to discern between the occurrence of arteriogenesis and/or vascular remodelling by capillary arterialization.

scholarly journals Using historical data to facilitate clinical prevention trials in Alzheimer disease? An analysis of longitudinal MCI (mild cognitive impairment) data sets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Berres ◽  
Andreas U. Monsch ◽  
René Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Drug Trial ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Clinical Prevention

Abstract Background The Placebo Group Simulation Approach (PGSA) aims at partially replacing randomized placebo-controlled trials (RPCTs), making use of data from historical control groups in order to decrease the needed number of study participants exposed to lengthy placebo treatment. PGSA algorithms to create virtual control groups were originally derived from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) data of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. To produce more generalizable algorithms, we aimed to compile five different MCI databases in a heuristic manner to create a “standard control algorithm” for use in future clinical trials. Methods We compared data from two North American cohort studies (n=395 and 4328, respectively), one company-sponsored international clinical drug trial (n=831) and two convenience patient samples, one from Germany (n=726), and one from Switzerland (n=1558). Results Despite differences between the five MCI samples regarding inclusion and exclusion criteria, their baseline demographic and cognitive performance data varied less than expected. However, the five samples differed markedly with regard to their subsequent cognitive performance and clinical development: (1) MCI patients from the drug trial did not deteriorate on verbal fluency over 3 years, whereas patients in the other samples did; (2) relatively few patients from the drug trial progressed from MCI to dementia (about 10% after 4 years), in contrast to the other four samples with progression rates over 30%. Conclusion Conventional MCI criteria were insufficient to allow for the creation of well-defined and internationally comparable samples of MCI patients. More recently published criteria for MCI or “MCI due to AD” are unlikely to remedy this situation. The Alzheimer scientific community needs to agree on a standard set of neuropsychological tests including appropriate selection criteria to make MCI a scientifically more useful concept. Patient data from different sources would then be comparable, and the scientific merits of algorithm-based study designs such as the PGSA could be properly assessed.

scholarly journals Ubiquinol Supplementation Improves Gender-Dependent Cerebral Vasoreactivity and Ameliorates Chronic Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Sonia García-Carpintero ◽  
Javier Domínguez-Bértalo ◽  
Cristina Pedrero-Prieto ◽  
Javier Frontiñán-Rubio ◽  
Mariano Amo-Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Neurological Improvement ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Cerebral Vasoreactivity

Ubiquinol can protect endothelial cells from multiple mechanisms that cause endothelial damage and vascular dysfunction, thus contributing to dementia. A total of 69 participants diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) received either 200 mg/day ubiquinol (Ub) or placebo for 1 year. Cognitive assessment of patients was performed at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up. Patients’ cerebral vasoreactivity was examined using transcranial Doppler sonography, and levels of Ub and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in plasma samples were quantified. Cell viability and necrotic cell death were determined using the microvascular endothelial cell line bEnd3. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) levels increased in patients supplemented for 1 year with ubiquinol versus baseline and the placebo group, although higher levels were observed in male patients. The higher cCoQ concentration in male patients improved cerebral vasoreactivity CRV and reduced inflammation, although the effect of Ub supplementation on neurological improvement was negligible in this study. Furthermore, plasma from Ub-supplemented patients improved the viability of endothelial cells, although only in T2DM and hypertensive patients. This suggests that ubiquinol supplementation could be recommended to reach a concentration of 5 μg/mL in plasma in MCI patients as a complement to conventional treatment.

Differences in and correlations between cognitive abilities and brain volumes in healthy control, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer disease groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon-Cheol Chung ◽  
Mi-Hyun Choi ◽  
Hyung-Sik Kim ◽  
Jung-Chul Lee ◽  
Sung-Jun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Healthy Control

scholarly journals Kanji and Kana agraphia in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: A trans-cultural comparison of elderly Japanese subjects living in Japan and Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Akanuma ◽  
Kenichi Meguro ◽  
Mitsue Meguro ◽  
Rosa Yuka Sato Chubaci ◽  
Paulo Caramelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Spontaneous Writing ◽  
Elderly Japanese ◽  
Questionable Dementia ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Japanese Subjects

Abstract This study verifies the environmental effects on agraphia in mild cognitive impairment and dementia. We compared elderly Japanese subjects living in Japan and Brazil. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the database of the Prevalence Study 1998 in Tajiri (n=497, Miyagi, Japan) and the Prevalence Study 1997 of elderly Japanese immigrants living in Brazil (n=166, migrated from Japan and living in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area). In three Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) groups, i.e., CDR 0 (healthy), CDR 0.5 (questionable dementia), and CDR 1+ (dementia) , the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) item of spontaneous writing and the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) domain of dictation were analyzed with regard to the number of Kanji and Kana characters. Formal errors in characters and pragmatic errors were also analyzed. Results: The immigrants in Brazil wrote similar numbers of Kanji or Kana characters compared to the residents of Japan. In spontaneous writing, the formal Kanji errors were greater in the CDR 1+ group of immigrants. In writing from dictation, all the immigrant CDR groups made more formal errors in Kana than the Japan residents. No significant differences in pragmatic errors were detected between the two groups. Conclusions: Subjects living in Japan use Kanji frequently, and thus the form of written characters was simplified, which might be assessed as mild formal errors. In immigrants, the deterioration in Kanji and Kana writing was partly due to decreased daily usage of the characters. Lower levels of education of immigrants might also be related to the number of Kanji errors.

scholarly journals First person – Daniel V. Guebel

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
First Person ◽  
Human Hippocampus ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Biology Open. Daniel V. Guebel is first author on ‘Mapping the transcriptomic changes of endothelial compartment in human hippocampus across aging and mild cognitive impairment’, published in BiO.

Effect of Brain Training Game on Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2272-2275
Author(s):  
Hafsah Arshad ◽  
Kinza Anwar ◽  
Hafsah Gul Khattak ◽  
Imran Amjad ◽  
Yaser Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Brain Training ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions

Aim: To determine effects of Kinect- based games on neurocognitive functions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Methodology: A quasi experimental pre-post trail was conducted on 18 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) older adults. The subjects were recruited to access cognitive impairment through purposive sampling technique. The inclusion criteria were elderly aged ≥ 50 years, both genders, able to read and write, whereas older adults with severe cognitive impairments, neurological disorders and un controlled comorbidities were excluded. Brain training was provided for 30 minutes with 5-minute warm-up time and 5-minute cool-down time for 6 weeks. Blind assessor measured readings at baseline and after six weeks. The outcome measures were Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), Trail making test A & B and verbal fluency test (Semantic &Phonemic). The data was analyzed at baseline and after six weeks of intervention Results: Significant improvements were observed in post-test measurements (p <0.05) in MMSE, MoCA, TMT A & B and verbal fluency (Semantic &Phonemic) tests after 6 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: Kinect-based virtual reality games are beneficial in improving cognitive abilities of older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Keywords: Cognitive training, Mild cognitive impairment, Montreal Cognitive Assessment

scholarly journals Cognitive training and neuroplasticity in mild cognitive impairment (COG-IT): protocol for a two-site, blinded, randomised, controlled treatment trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e028536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica D'Antonio ◽  
Laura Simon-Pearson ◽  
Terry Goldberg ◽  
Joel R Sneed ◽  
Sara Rushia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Psychiatric Institute ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Study Results

IntroductionMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in older adults and represents a high-risk group for progression to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Medication trials in MCI have generally failed, but new discoveries with brain plasticity in ageing have led to the study of cognitive training as a potential treatment to improve cognitive abilities. Computerised cognitive training (CCT) involves computerised cognitive exercises that target specific cognitive abilities and neural networks to potentially improve cognitive functioning through neuroplasticity.Methods and analysisIn a two-site study (New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center), we will randomise 100 patients with MCI (Wechsler Memory Scale-III Logical Memory II score 0–11; Folstein Mini Mental State Examination ≥23) to home-based CCT (suite of exercises: memory, matching, spatial recognition, processing speed) or a home-based active control condition (computerised crossword puzzle training (CPT)) with 12 weeks of intensive training followed by regular booster sessions up to 78 weeks. All patients will receive standard neuropsychological and functional assessments in clinic as well as structural/functional brain MRI scans at study entry and endpoint. We will test if CCT, versus CPT, leads to improved cognitive functioning, transfers to functional ability and tasks of everyday life and impacts hippocampal volume changes and changes in the default mode network of the brain measured by resting-state functional MRI.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be conducted following ethics approval and written informed consent will be obtained from all subjects. Study results will be disseminated via publication, clinicaltrials.gov, media and conference presentations. This will be the first controlled long-term trial to evaluate the effects of home-based CCT versus computerised CPT on cognitive abilities and functional measures and neural outcomes as determined by MRI indices in patients with MCI. Positive results from trial may support further development of home-based CCT.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT03205709).

scholarly journals Musical and cognitive abilities in older adults with mild cognitive impairment

2019 ◽  
pp. 030573561984399
Author(s):  
Darina V. Petrovsky ◽  
Julene K. Johnson ◽  
Nancy Tkacs ◽  
Dawn Mechanic-Hamilton ◽  
Roy H. Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities

The Cattell–Horn–Carroll Model of Cognition for Clinical Assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Jewsbury ◽  
Stephen C. Bowden ◽  
Kevin Duff
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
High Quality Data

The Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) model is a comprehensive model of the major dimensions of individual differences that underlie performance on cognitive tests. Studies evaluating the generality of the CHC model across test batteries, age, gender, and culture were reviewed and found to be overwhelmingly supportive. However, less research is available to evaluate the CHC model for clinical assessment. The CHC model was shown to provide good to excellent fit in nine high-quality data sets involving popular neuropsychological tests, across a range of clinically relevant populations. Executive function tests were found to be well represented by the CHC constructs, and a discrete executive function factor was found not to be necessary. The CHC model could not be simplified without significant loss of fit. The CHC model was supported as a paradigm for cognitive assessment, across both healthy and clinical populations and across both nonclinical and neuropsychological tests. The results have important implications for theoretical modeling of cognitive abilities, providing further evidence for the value of the CHC model as a basis for a common taxonomy across test batteries and across areas of assessment.

scholarly journals Operational Determination of Subjective Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia Using Sum of Boxes of the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wan Yang ◽  
Kai-Cheng Hsu ◽  
Cheng-Yu Wei ◽  
Ray-Chang Tzeng ◽  
Pai-Yi Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Two Phase

Objectives: The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale is the gold standard for the staging of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the application of CDR for the staging of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in AD remains controversial. This study aimed to use the sum of boxes of the CDR (CDR-SB) plus an SCD single questionnaire to operationally determine the different stages of cognitive impairment (CI) due to AD and non-AD.Methods: This was a two-phase study, and we retrospectively analyzed the Show Chwan Dementia registry database using the data selected from 2015 to 2020. Individuals with normal cognition (NC), SCD, MCI, and mild dementia (MD) due to AD or non-AD with a CDR &lt; 2 were included in the analysis.Results: A total of 6,946 individuals were studied, including 875, 1,009, 1,585, and 3,447 with NC, SCD, MCI, and MD, respectively. The cutoff scores of CDR-SB for NC/SCD, SCD/MCI, and MCI/dementia were 0/0.5, 0.5/1.0, and 2.5/3.0, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values of the test groups were 0.85, 0.90, and 0.92 for discriminating NC from SCD, SCD from MCI, and MCI from dementia, respectively. Compared with the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the use of CDR-SB is less influenced by age and education.Conclusion: Our study showed that the operational determination of SCD, MCI, and dementia using the CDR-SB is practical and can be applied in clinical settings and research on CI or dementia.

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