scholarly journals Role of PROP1 in Pituitary Gland Growth

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Ward ◽  
Lori T. Raetzman ◽  
Hoonkyo Suh ◽  
Brandon M. Stone ◽  
Igor O. Nasonkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Rathke’S Pouch ◽  
Rathke's Pouch ◽  
Pituitary Hyperplasia ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Pituitary Hypoplasia

Abstract Mutations in the PROP1 transcription factor gene lead to reduced production of thyrotropin, GH, prolactin, and gonadotropins as well as to pituitary hypoplasia in adult humans and mice. Some PROP1-deficient patients initially exhibit pituitary hyperplasia that resolves to hypoplasia. To understand this feature and to explore the mechanism whereby PROP1 regulates anterior pituitary gland growth, we carried out longitudinal studies in normal and Prop1-deficient dwarf mice from early embryogenesis through adulthood, examining the volume of Rathke’s pouch and its derivatives, the position and number of dividing cells, the rate of apoptosis, and cell migration by pulse labeling. The results suggest that anterior pituitary progenitors normally leave the perilumenal region of Rathke’s pouch and migrate to form the anterior lobe as they differentiate. Some of the cells that seed the anterior lobe during organogenesis have proliferative potential, supporting the expansion of the anterior lobe after birth. Prop1-deficient fetal pituitaries are dysmorphic because mutant cells are retained in the perilumenal area and fail to differentiate. After birth, mutant pituitaries exhibit enhanced apoptosis and reduced proliferation, apparently because the mutant anterior lobe is not seeded with progenitors. These studies suggest a mechanism for Prop1 action and an explanation for some of the clinical findings in human patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of pituitary imaging in patients with PROP-1 gene mutation

Medicina ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalija Tkačenko ◽  
Danutė Lašienė ◽  
Silvija Jakštienė ◽  
Algidas Basevičius ◽  
Rasa Verkauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Pituitary Hyperplasia ◽  
Pituitary Hypoplasia ◽  
Genetically Determined

The most common genetically determined cause of multiple pituitary hormone deficiency is PROP-1 gene mutation. PROP-1 is a transcription factor involved in the development of pituitary gland and affects hormonal synthesis of anterior pituitary. The aim of our study was to evaluate radiological aspects of the pituitary region in patients with PROP-1 gene mutation. Pituitary imaging studies were performed in 12 patients with a confirmed PROP-1 gene mutation. Pituitary hyperplasia was found in 5 (42%) and pituitary hypoplasia in 4 (33%) patients. Changes in pituitary size were not associated with the type of PROP-1 gene mutation.

Discovery of the luteinizing hormone of the anterior pituitary gland

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. E818-E819 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Maurice Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Luteinizing Hormones ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Classic Paper

This essay looks at the historical significance of an APS classic paper that is freely available online: Fevold HL, Hisaw FL, Leonard SL. The gonad stimulating and the luteinizing hormones of the anterior lobe of the hypophesis. Am J Physiol 97: 291—301, 1931 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/97/2/291 ).

scholarly journals Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia Impair the Cytological Structure of the Anterior Pituitary Gland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-658
Author(s):  
Ahmed MR Abdo ◽  
Mohamed E El-Beeh ◽  
Sameer H. Qari ◽  
Dina A El-badry ◽  
Hassan IH El-Sayyad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Cytological Picture

Increase consumption of high fat diet was found to alter blood sugar level similar to diabetes and contributed to the development of obesity and affected the reproductive function of both sexes. The study aimed to clarify the influence of diabetes and or hypercholesterolemia on the cytological picture of cells of the anterior lobe of pituitary gland of male albino rats. Eighteen male albino rats weighing approximately 120 gram body weight were divided into three main groups; control, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes (single i.p. 40 mg streptozotocin/kg B.wt plus 100mg. nicotinamide /kg body weight) and hypercholesterolemia (diet containing 3% cholesterol). Dietary feeding on cholesterol and diabetes were carried out for 12 weeks. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed, and pituitary glands were separated and their anterior lobe was processed for cytological investigations by transmission electron microscopy. The present study revealed that the rats subjected to experimental diabetes and/ or hypercholesterolemia exhibited a decrease of the secretory granules within the gonadotroph cells somatotroph and corticotrophin cells. There was a detected intracellular accumulation of fat globules in both the gonado- and sommatotroph cells. The authors reported that the altered cytological structures of the secretory function of the anterior pituitary gland led to marked impairment of the male hormonal level and causing infertility.

The value of the anterior pituitary gland in gynecology

1936 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1152-1153
Author(s):  
J. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Early Puberty

Removal of the anterior pituitary gland in infantile animals leads to a cessation of the development of the gonads and growth, as well as to a number of metabolic changes. As shown by relevant studies, the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces a hormone that gives a powerful impulse to the sex glands and causes all the phenomena of early puberty in infantile animals for several days.

TROPHIC HORMONE CONTENT OF THE ANTERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY GLAND IN NORMAL AND CASTRATE MALE DOGS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (II) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian M. Davidson ◽  
Alexander N. Contopoulos ◽  
William F. Ganong
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Response Characteristic ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Trophic Hormone

ABSTRACT Pituitary FSH, ICSH, and TSH activities of intact and castrate male dogs were assayed in hypophysectomized immature female rats by determining the minimum amount of anterior pituitary tissue necessary to produce a response characteristic of each of these hormones. In intact dogs only, pituitary ACTH and GH content were also determined. The minimum effective doses obtained for intact dogs in fractions of anterior pituitary were: FSH – 1.5, ICSH – 0.25, TSH – 0.016, ACTH – 0.025, GH – 0.125. Castration had no significant effect on TSH content, but resulted in a sixteen-fold increase in FSH content and a two-fold increase in ICSH content of the pituitary gland.

THE REPAIR OF POST-PARTUM NECROSIS OF THE ANTERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
Narrow Layer ◽  
Marginal Zones

ABSTRACT The healing of a post-partum necrosis of the anterior pituitary gland begins at about 4 days. The first change is the formation of a narrow layer of secondary atrophy at the inner edge of the live margin zone. There is then an invasion of macrophages which clear the debris from the other marginal zones and finally penetrate to a depth of 1 to 1.5 mm into the infarct. The remaining part of the central dead area becomes condensed and hyalinised in the course of the subsequent year or two. In the healed stage the remnants of parenchyma must certainly be functioning to their maximum capacity but they do not show any very striking histological changes to correspond to this. The cellular pattern of these remnants can not be correlated with variations in the clinical or pathological picture of prolonged hypopituitarism.

STUDIES ON THE GROWTH AND HORMONE PRODUCTION OF RAT HYPOPHYSIS IN TISSUE CULTURE

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Kullander
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACT The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland of the rat was studied in tissue culture. Oestrone, progesterone and androsterone did not have any effect on the growth. On the other hand, oestrogen-induced pituitary tumours in tissue culture grew more quickly in medium containing oestrone or androsterone. The anterior pituitary gland produced prolactin in vitro.

scholarly journals Hes1 and Hes5 Control the Progenitor Pool, Intermediate Lobe Specification, and Posterior Lobe Formation in the Pituitary Development

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1458-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Kita ◽  
Itaru Imayoshi ◽  
Masato Hojo ◽  
Masashi Kitagawa ◽  
Hiroshi Kokubu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Intermediate Lobe ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Pituitary Hypoplasia ◽  
Multiple Signaling

Abstract The pituitary gland is composed of two distinct entities: the adenohypophysis, including the anterior and intermediate lobes, and the neurohypophysis, known as the posterior lobe. This critical endocrine organ is essential for homeostasis, metabolism, reproduction, and growth. The pituitary development requires the control of proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells. Although multiple signaling molecules and transcription factors are required for the proper pituitary development, the mechanisms that regulate the fate of progenitor cells remain to be elucidated. Hes genes, known as Notch effectors, play a crucial role in specifying cellular fates during the development of various tissues and organs. Here, we report that mice deficient for Hes1 and Hes5 display severe pituitary hypoplasia caused by accelerated differentiation of progenitor cells. In addition, this hypoplastic pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) lacks the intermediate lobe and exhibits the features of the anterior lobe only. Hes1 and Hes5 double-mutant mice also lack the neurohypophysis (the posterior lobe), probably due to incomplete evagination of the diencephalon. Thus, Hes genes control not only maintenance of progenitor cells but also intermediate vs. anterior lobe specification during the adenohypophysis development. Hes genes are also essential for the formation of the neurohypophysis.

scholarly journals Accelerated Metamorphosis of Frog Tadpoles by Injections of Extract of Anterior Lobe Pituitary Gland and the Administration of Iodine

1924 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
E. A. SPAUL
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Iodine Solution ◽  
Gland Extract ◽  
Initial Injection ◽  
Frog Tadpoles ◽  
Rapid Transformation

1. Acceleration of the metamorphosis of frog tadpoles is induced by injections of commercial extracts of the anterior lobe pituitary gland extract. 2. The acceleration of metamorphosis produced by iodine in solution in suitable concentrations is not so great as that produced by injections of the anterior pituitary extract. 3. Further increase in the acceleration occurs when the injected specimens are kept in suitable concentrations of iodine solution. 4. The sequence of changes is similar to that observed in the accelerated transformation of tadpoles produced by thyroid or iodine diet. 5. The highest mortality, greatest reduction in size, and most rapid transformation occurs in the highest concentration of iodine, and this is still greater in injected animals kept in iodine solutions. 6. The younger the tadpole the less chance is there of completing metamorphosis under the accelerating stimulus of injected anterior lobe or iodine. 7. There is a paling effect after initial injection less marked in older specimens which is possibly due to inhibiting influence on the posterior lobe of excess of anterior lobe secretion. Idoine has no definite pigment action. 8. Iodine appears to act independently of the anterior lobe injection in the tadpole, the acceleration being apparently the sum of their separate actions.

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