scholarly journals Eating Slowly Increases the Postprandial Response of the Anorexigenic Gut Hormones, Peptide YY and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kokkinos ◽  
Carel W. le Roux ◽  
Kleopatra Alexiadou ◽  
Nicholas Tentolouris ◽  
Royce P. Vincent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Postprandial Response ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Inhibition of gastric emptying by acarbose is correlated with GLP-1 response and accompanied by CCK release

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. G752-G763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feruze Y. Enç ◽  
Neşe I˙meryüz ◽  
Levent Akin ◽  
Turgut Turoğlu ◽  
Fuat Dede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Carbohydrate Absorption ◽  
Plasma Response ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

We investigated the effect of acarbose, an α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase inhibitor, on gastric emptying of solid meals of varying nutrient composition and plasma responses of gut hormones. Gastric emptying was determined with scintigraphy in healthy subjects, and all studies were performed with and without 100 mg of acarbose, in random order, at least 1 wk apart. Acarbose did not alter the emptying of a carbohydrate-free meal, but it delayed emptying of a mixed meal and a carbohydrate-free meal given 2 h after sucrose ingestion. In meal groups with carbohydrates, acarbose attenuated responses of plasma insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) while augmenting responses of CCK, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY). With mixed meal + acarbose, area under the curve (AUC) of gastric emptying was positively correlated with integrated plasma response of GLP-1 ( r = 0.68 , P < 0.02). With the carbohydrate-free meal after sucrose and acarbose ingestion, AUC of gastric emptying was negatively correlated with integrated plasma response of GIP, implying that prior alteration of carbohydrate absorption modifies gastric emptying of a meal. The results demonstrate that acarbose delays gastric emptying of solid meals and augments release of CCK, GLP-1, and PYY mainly by retarding/inhibiting carbohydrate absorption. Augmented GLP-1 release by acarbose appears to play a major role in the inhibition of gastric emptying of a mixed meal, whereas CCK and PYY may have contributory roles.

scholarly journals orlistat improves release of gut hormones increasing satiety in obese women

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Teona Albertovna Shvangiradze
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Intestinal Hormones ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Orlistat, which reduces fat absorption by inhibiting intestinal lipase is a registered drug for obesity pharmacotherapy. Meta-analyzes indicate various positive metabolic effects of orlistat, including improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism, lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It is assumed that orlistat can reduce postprandial satiety by inhibiting the release of intestinal hormones (incretins), especially glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Impact analysis of the secretion of incretins, with prolonged use of orlistat was conducted. The aim of the study M.Olszanecka-Glinianowicz et al. was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of treatment with orlistat as part of a weight loss program for preprandialnye levels of peptide YY and GLP-1.

scholarly journals Effects of Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Gut Hormones and Body Composition in Males with Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassane Zouhal ◽  
Reza Bagheri ◽  
Raoua Triki ◽  
Ayoub Saeidi ◽  
Alexei Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Experimental Group

We studied the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on gut hormones (leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), and ghrelin) in males with obesity. Thirty sedentary males were randomly allocated to either an experimental group (EG, n = 15) or a control group (CG, n = 15). The EG group completed their Ramadan fasting rituals (30 days), whereas the CG continued with their normal daily habits. Blood samples were collected at four time points: 24 h before the start of Ramadan (T0), on the 15th day of Ramadan (T1), the day after the end of Ramadan (T2) and 21 days after Ramadan (T3). There were significant pre-to-post improvements for leptin (p = 0.01, d = 1.52), GLP-1 (p = 0.022, d = 0.75), PYY (p = 0.031, d = 0.69) and CCK (p = 0.027, d = 0.81) in the EG, with no interaction effect for ghrelin (p = 0.74; d = 0.008). No significant changes (p > 0.05) occurred in plasma volume variations (ΔPV) after RIF in both EG (−0.03 ± 0.01%) and CG (0.06 ± 0.07%). RIF represents an effective strategy to modify appetite-regulating hormones, leading to improved body composition indices and reduced obesity.

scholarly journals Role of capsaicin-sensitive peripheral sensory neurons in anorexic responses to intravenous infusions of cholecystokinin, peptide YY-(3–36), and glucagon-like peptide-1 in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (8) ◽  
pp. E619-E629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Reidelberger ◽  
Alvin Haver ◽  
Krista Anders ◽  
Bettye Apenteng
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Intravenous Infusions ◽  
Peripheral Sensory Neurons ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Peripheral Sensory ◽  
Infusion Period

Cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced suppression of feeding is mediated by vagal sensory neurons that are destroyed by the neurotoxin capsaicin (CAP). Here we determined whether CAP-sensitive neurons mediate anorexic responses to intravenous infusions of gut hormones peptide YY-(3–36) [PYY-(3–36)] and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Rats received three intraperitoneal injections of CAP or vehicle (VEH) in 24 h. After recovery, non-food-deprived rats received at dark onset a 3-h intravenous infusion of CCK-8 (5, 17 pmol·kg−1·min−1), PYY-(3–36) (5, 17, 50 pmol·kg−1·min−1), or GLP-1 (17, 50 pmol·kg−1·min−1). CCK-8 was much less effective in reducing food intake in CAP vs. VEH rats. CCK-8 at 5 and 17 pmol·kg−1·min−1 reduced food intake during the 3-h infusion period by 39 and 71% in VEH rats and 7 and 18% in CAP rats. In contrast, PYY-(3–36) and GLP-1 were similarly effective in reducing food intake in VEH and CAP rats. PYY-(3–36) at 5, 17, and 50 pmol·kg−1·min−1 reduced food intake during the 3-h infusion period by 15, 33, and 70% in VEH rats and 13, 30, and 33% in CAP rats. GLP-1 at 17 and 50 pmol·kg−1·min−1 reduced food intake during the 3-h infusion period by 48 and 60% in VEH rats and 30 and 52% in CAP rats. These results suggest that anorexic responses to PYY-(3–36) and GLP-1 are not primarily mediated by the CAP-sensitive peripheral sensory neurons (presumably vagal) that mediate CCK-8-induced anorexia.

scholarly journals Minireview: Gut Peptides Regulating Satiety

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 2660-2665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maralyn R. Druce ◽  
Caroline J. Small ◽  
Stephen R. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract The gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas release hormones regulating satiety and body weight. Ghrelin stimulates appetite, and glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, peptide YY, cholecystokinin, and pancreatic polypeptide inhibit appetite. These gut hormones act to markedly alter food intake in humans and rodents. Obesity is the current major cause of premature death in the United Kingdom, killing almost 1000 people per week. Worldwide, its prevalence is accelerating. There is currently no effective answer to the pandemic of obesity, but replacement of the low levels of peptide YY observed in the obese may represent an effective antiobesity therapy.

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