scholarly journals The Effect of Strength and Endurance Training on Insulin Sensitivity and Fat Distribution in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients with Lipodystrophy

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 3860-3869 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lindegaard ◽  
T. Hansen ◽  
T. Hvid ◽  
G. van Hall ◽  
P. Plomgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Fat Redistribution

Context: Fat redistribution, insulin resistance, and low-grade inflammation characterize HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy. Currently, no effective therapies exist for the combined treatment of fat redistribution and insulin resistance. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the effects of strength and endurance training on insulin sensitivity and fat distribution in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy. Subjects and Methods: Twenty sedentary HIV-infected men with lipodystrophy were randomly assigned to supervised strength or endurance training three times a week for 16 wk. The primary endpoints were improved peripheral insulin sensitivity (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with isotope-tracer infusion) and body fat composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan). Secondary endpoints included fasting lipids and inflammatory markers. Results: Insulin-mediated glucose uptake increased with both endurance training (55.7 ± 11 to 63.0 ± 11 μmol glucose/kg lean mass·min, P = 0.02) and strength training (49.0 ± 12 to 57.8 ± 18 μmol glucose/kg lean mass·min, P = 0.005), irrespective of training modality (P = 0.24). Only strength training increased total lean mass 2.1 kg [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8–3.3], decreased total fat 3.3 kg (95% CI, −4.6 to −2.0), trunk fat 2.5 kg (95% CI, −3.5 to −1.5), and limb fat 0.75 kg (95% CI, −1.1 to −0.4). Strength training significantly decreased total and limb fat mass to a larger extent than endurance training (P < 0.05). Endurance training reduced total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, free fatty acids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas strength training decreased triglycerides, free fatty acids, and IL-18 and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05 for all measurements). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that both strength and endurance training improve peripheral insulin sensitivity, whereas only strength training reduces total body fat in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy.

scholarly journals Associations of Adiponectin with Body Fat Distribution and Insulin Sensitivity in Nondiabetic Hispanics and African-Americans

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 2665-2671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. G. Hanley ◽  
Donald Bowden ◽  
Lynne E. Wagenknecht ◽  
Aarthi Balasubramanyam ◽  
Carl Langfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
African American ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
African Americans ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
High Density ◽  
Adiponectin Concentration

Abstract Context: Hypoadiponectinemia has emerged as an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although associations of adiponectin with central obesity and insulin resistance have been reported, very little data are available from studies using detailed measures of insulin sensitivity (SI) and/or body fat distribution in ethnic groups at high risk for metabolic disease. Objective: The aim of the study was to identify the correlates of adiponectin in 1636 nondiabetic Hispanics and African-Americans. Design: A cross-sectional analysis of participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study was conducted. SI was determined from frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests with minimal model analysis. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues (SAT, VAT, respectively) were determined with computed tomography. Triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin were measured in fasting samples. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to identify factors associated with adiponectin concentration. Setting: A multicenter study using a family-based design was conducted. Participants: A total of 1636 nondiabetic Hispanic and African-American subjects participated. Main Outcome Measures: Circulating adiponectin concentration was measured. Results: Age, female gender, high-density lipoprotein, SAT, and SI were positive independent correlates of adiponectin, whereas glucose, CRP, and VAT were negative independent correlates (all P < 0.05). Ethnicity was not an independent correlate of adiponectin in this model (P = 0.27); however, an ethnicity by VAT interaction term was retained, indicating a stronger negative association of VAT with adiponectin in African-Americans compared with Hispanics. Conclusion: Directly measured SI, VAT, and SAT were independently correlated with adiponectin in Hispanic and African-American subjects. The inverse association of VAT with adiponectin was stronger in African-Americans compared with Hispanics, a finding that suggests possible ethnic differences in the effects of visceral obesity.

Triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations quantitative analysis in whole blood by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and FT-Raman spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 5493-5498
Author(s):  
Zhigang Li ◽  
Xifa Lan ◽  
Xiaoxiao Jiang ◽  
Qiaoyun Wang ◽  
Zhenhe Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Atr Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Raman

The triglyceride (TG) to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) and the TG level itself have both been identified as a biomarker of insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease and a predictor for atherosclerosis.

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