scholarly journals Problems with Reclassification of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Production and Action Disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 4235-4236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinchas Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Clinical Tools ◽  
The Right ◽  
Generation Test ◽  
Made In

Abstract Context: Recent developments in the IGF field have raised questions on whether this is the right time to redefine IGF deficiency. Objective: In this controversy, arguments are made against the need for redefining IGF deficiency at this moment, suggesting instead to wait for further clinical developments. Case: Although a number of rare case reports of IGF deficiency with precise molecular etiologies have been described, the vast majority of the cases remain clinically defined and without a genetic diagnosis. Interventions: Because IGF products are now available for clinical use in IGF-deficient patients, we are still using GH stimulation and static IGF levels as our only clinical diagnostic and classification tools. Positions: We need to develop additional clinical tools, side by side with molecular tools, for the diagnosis and subclassification of IGF deficiency. Chief among these are the IGF-generation test for identification of GH-insensitive patients and genetic panels of polymorphic changes in relevant genes. Conclusions: Until further progress is made in the clinical classification of IGF deficiency, we should not change the current classification, and, when we do, it should be the responsibility of the relevant societies in the field to conduct a consensus statement on the topic first.

Comprehensive Review of the Genetics of Albinism

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-700
Author(s):  
Ramon Jauregui ◽  
Laryssa A. Huryn ◽  
Brian P. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Social Stigma ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Dark Complexion ◽  
Made In

Introduction It is important to understand albinism, since it is a disorder associated with visual impairment, predisposition to malignant melanomas, and social stigma. The main objective of this article is to review the genetics and biologic mechanisms of the non-syndromic albinism subtypes and to describe associated clinical manifestations. We also discuss research on its treatments. Methods A review of the published literature on albinism subtypes was performed, spanning basic laboratory research, published case reports, and experiences of people with albinism. Results Clear progress has been made in comprehending the causes of albinism; research has shed light on the complexity of the disorder and has led to the molecular classification of subtypes. Discussion Despite the increase in knowledge with regards to albinism, gaps still exist. It is important to continue the pursuit of unraveling the mechanism of the disorder and to monitor the frequency of the subtypes worldwide in order to aid in the development of treatments. Furthermore, disseminating knowledge of albinism is crucial for future progress. Implications for practitioners Albinism is a disorder characterized by hypopigmentation of the hair, skin, and eyes, with accompanying ocular abnormalities that remain relatively stable throughout life. The disorder is defined by a spectrum of pigmentation where albinism is more evident among individuals of dark complexion than their lighter-pigmented peers. Patients with albinism require protection against sun exposure and special resources to address visual impairments. When albinism patients are diagnosed and properly accommodated, they generally report a positive quality of life.

scholarly journals The importance of cytology in diagnosing rare breast carcinoma: Two case reports

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Mirjana Cuk ◽  
Radoslav Gajanin ◽  
Milos Malis ◽  
Drazan Eric ◽  
Nenad Lalovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Primary Breast Tumor ◽  
Rare Tumors ◽  
The Right

Introduction. This paper presents two cases of very rare tumors of breast: breast sebaceos carcinoma, which has rarely been described in medical literature, and breast carcinosarcoma. Morphological characteristics and biological behavior of sebaceos carcinoma are still rather vague. Carcinosarcoma of the breast is a rare malignancy with distinct cell lines described as a breast carcinoma of ductal type with a sarcoma-like component. Case report. The first presented case is a 73-year-old female referred to our hospital in January 2008 with tumor of the right breast in the upper outer region of the breast and enlarged lymph nodes in the right axillary region. The second presented case is a 51-year-old female with carcinosarcoma, also a very rare primary breast tumor. She was admitted to our hospital in June 2011 with history of lump in the upper and lower outer quadrant of the left breast. In both cases, biopsy of tumor tissue was carried out with a thin needle, i.e. the aspiration cytology was applied as a diagnostic method, and during the operation the fast diagnostics of frozen sections and cytologic diagnostics were done. Although this methodology is important in diagnosis, in both cases it showed certain limitations in diagnosing such rare tumors. The final diagnosis was made after carefully synthesizing the histological findings and immunohistochemical phenotype. Conclusion. An accurate classification of breast tumors on cytological preparations is not possible in case of poorly differentiated and rare tumors. A careful and accurate classification of these tumors is necessary.

scholarly journals Neonatal Seizures—Are We there Yet?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (05) ◽  
pp. 280-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Ramantani ◽  
Bernhard Schmitt ◽  
Barbara Plecko ◽  
Ronit M. Pressler ◽  
Gabriele Wohlrab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Neonatal Seizures ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Ischemic Events ◽  
Made In

AbstractNeonatal seizures are the most prevalent and distinctive sign of neurologic dysfunction in early life and pose an immense challenge for clinicians. Improvements in neonatal care have increased the survival rate of extremely premature infants, considerably changing the spectrum of underlying etiologies, and instigating a gradual shift from mortality to morbidity. Recognizing neonatal seizures can be challenging due to variability in presentation but clinical features can often provide valuable clues about etiology. Yet, the majority of neonatal seizures are subclinical. Even though conventional electroencephalography (EEG) with simultaneous video detection of seizures still represents the diagnostic gold standard, continuous monitoring using a one- to two-channel amplitude-integrated EEG with concurrent unprocessed EEG can be crucial for early recognition and intervention. Furthermore, tremendous progress has been made in neuroimaging, and all infants with seizures should have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to help identify the underlying etiology. While the majority of neonatal seizures are caused by hypoxic-ischemic events, stroke, hemorrhage, or infection, approximately 15% of patients will require more sophisticated algorithms for diagnostic workup, including metabolic and genetic screening. These recent developments have led to renew interest in the classification of neonatal seizures, which aim to help identify etiology and guide appropriate therapeutic and prognostic decisions. In this review, we outline recent progress made in the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal seizures and highlight areas that deserve further research.

GENERIC REVISION OF PHORIDAE OF THE NEARCTIC REGION AND PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF PHORIDAE, SCIADOCERIDAE, AND IRONOMYIIDAE (DIPTERA: PHORIDEA)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (S164) ◽  
pp. 3-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian V. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Species Level ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Nearctic Region ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe Nearctic Region genera of Phoridae are revised, and it is shown that the current classification into three subfamilies is inadequate. The hypothesis that the most closely related taxa to the Phoridae are the Sciadoceridae and Ironomyiidae is supported. Use of these outgroups to polarize character states in the Phoridae allows the reorganization of this family into five subfamilies: Hypocerinae, Phorinae, Aenigmatiinae, Conicerinae, and Metopininae. The newly re-defined Phorinae is the adelphotaxon (sister-group) of the Aenigmatiinae + Conicerinae + Metopininae, among which the relationships are unresolved. The hypocerines are the adelphotaxon of all other extant Phoridae. Within the Hypocerinae the relationships of the 15 included world genera are hypothesized, and three new genera are proposed. The relationships of the eight world phorine genera are only partly resolved. The Aenigmatiinae is organized into two tribes: Aenigmatiini and Diplonevrini. The relationships of the seven world genera of Diplonevrini are hypothesized, whereas those of the Aenigmatiini are not discussed. The six world conicerine genera are revised and their relationships hypothesized. In the Metopininae, two major groups are recognized, the Metopina-group and the Megaselia-group. Beckerina Malloch is the adelphotaxon of these two groups, whereas Rhopica Schmitz and Triphleba Rondani are successive outgroups of all metopinines. The Metopina-group is mostly tropical in distribution and is not discussed further. The Megaselia-group is partially organized into the Gymnophora-subgroup and the Apocephalus-subgroup. Species-level revisions of genera are needed before further progress can be made in this family, because the distribution of character states is insufficiently known. Genera in great need of revision include Peromitra Enderlein, Chaetopleurophora Schmitz, Megaselia Rondani, and Apocephalus Coquillett.

Awareness and Decision Making in Professional Ethics

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Swain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Awareness ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aid Decision

The paper describes the development of the 1998 revision of the Psychological Society of Ireland's Code of Professional Ethics. The Code incorporates the European Meta-Code of Ethics and an ethical decision-making procedure borrowed from the Canadian Psychological Association. An example using the procedure is presented. To aid decision making, a classification of different kinds of stakeholder (i.e., interested party) affected by ethical decisions is offered. The author contends (1) that psychologists should assert the right, which is an important aspect of professional autonomy, to make discretionary judgments, (2) that to be justified in doing so they need to educate themselves in sound and deliberative judgment, and (3) that the process is facilitated by a code such as the Irish one, which emphasizes ethical awareness and decision making. The need for awareness and judgment is underlined by the variability in the ethical codes of different organizations and different European states: in such a context, codes should be used as broad yardsticks, rather than precise templates.

ASPECTS IN BUILDING A COMPANY WEB-SITE AND ITS ROLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Petar Halachev ◽  
Victoria Radeva ◽  
Albena Nikiforova ◽  
Miglena Veneva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Web Site ◽  
The Internet ◽  
A Company ◽  
The Web ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Made In ◽  
Site Types

This report is dedicated to the role of the web site as an important tool for presenting business on the Internet. Classification of site types has been made in terms of their application in the business and the types of structures in their construction. The Models of the Life Cycle for designing business websites are analyzed and are outlined their strengths and weaknesses. The stages in the design, construction, commissioning, and maintenance of a business website are distinguished and the activities and requirements of each stage are specified.

Cancellation and Termination of Assignment Contract of Patrimonial Rights of the Author

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Tudor-Vlad Sfârlog
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

Abstract The present study offers the doctrine of the right of intellectual creation new perspectives on the study of the institution of termination of the assignment contract for the patrimonial rights resulting from the intellectual creation. We believe that the present study is rich in doctrinal contributions, formulating new theses and opening the prospect for new perspectives of scientific research. Last but not least, we appreciate that the proposals made in the present study contribute not only to the activity of opinionated in the field, but also to the work of practitioners and direct beneficiaries of the legal provisions on the assignment of patrimonial rights of authors.

Vegetation on technogenic habitats in the far-north taiga and south forest-tundra of the European North-East of Russia. Alliance Chamerio angustifolii–Matricarion hookeri A. Ishbirdin et al. 1996

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
I. A. Likhanova ◽  
G. S. Shushpannikova ◽  
L. P. Turubanova
Keyword(s):  
Komi Republic ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Far North ◽  
North East ◽  
European North ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
Floristic Classification ◽  
Made In

The results of floristic classification of technogenic vegetation (alliance Chamerio angustifolii–Matricarion hookeri A. Ishbirdin et al. 1996, order Chamerio–Betuletalia nanae Khusainov et al. in Sumina 2012, class Matricario–Poetea arcticae A. Ishbirdin in Sumina 2012) conducted by the Braun-Blanquet method (Braun-Blanquet, 1964; Mirkin, Naumova, 1998) are given. 98 geobotanical relevés, made in 1981–2013 on areas of oil fields and suburbs of the Usinsk city (Komi Republic) (56–60о N, 67–66о E), were involved into analysis (Fig. 1). The ecological parameters like moisture (F) and mineral nitrogen soil enrichment (N) were assessed using the Ellenberg ecological scales (Ellenberg, 1974).

Guns on Campus: Surveying a rugged post-Heller/ McDonald landscape

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Magne Lervik
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Colleges ◽  
Concealed Weapons ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
Academic History ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Public Colleges And Universities ◽  
The Right ◽  
The U.S

In June 2008, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees an individual the right to keep and bear arms. Two years later, this decision was also made applicable to state and local governments. Today, seven U.S. states have provisions allowing the carrying of concealed weapons on their public senior high school campuses. This article, introduced by a brief comment on the Second Amendment’s legal and academic history, traces several recent developments of legal change. It discusses relevant arguments and attitudes towards guns on campus, and explores issues of future concern for public colleges and universities within the realm of firearms and campus safety.

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