scholarly journals Changes in Circulating and Testicular Levels of Inhibin A and B and Activin A During Postnatal Development in the Rat

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 3532-3541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy J. Buzzard ◽  
Kate L. Loveland ◽  
Moira K. O’Bryan ◽  
Anne E. O’Connor ◽  
Marilyn Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Inhibin A

Abstract This study describes the testicular levels of inhibin/activin subunits by Northern analysis and in situ hybridization and serum and testicular levels of inhibins A and B and activin A by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) during postnatal development in the rat. We show that serum inhibin A levels are less than 4 pg/ml throughout postnatal life. Serum inhibin B levels peak at 572 ± 119 pg/ml (mean ± se) at d 40 post partum (pp) before falling to 182 ± 35 pg/ml in mature males. Serum activin A decreases from 294 ± 29 pg/ml at d 6 to 132 ± 27 pg/ml at maturity. Within the testis, inhibin A levels fall from 0.330 ± 0.108 ng/g at d 15 to less than 0.004 ng/g at maturity. Inhibin B levels peak at 43.9 ± 4.2 ng/g at d 6 before falling to 1.6 ± 0.13 ng/g at maturity. Testicular activin A levels fall from 18.6 ± 2.2 ng/g at d 6 to 0.094 ± 0.013 ng/g at maturity. Northern profiles of testicular inhibin/activin subunits correlate with immunoreactive levels demonstrated by ELISA. In situ hybridization suggests that βA and βB subunit expression is largely restricted to the seminiferous tubule, particularly Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and primary spermatocytes. These data support the view that inhibin B is the major inhibin in the male rat and that levels relate to Sertoli cell number and activity. Furthermore, the demonstration of high local concentrations of activin A during the period of Sertoli cell proliferation and the onset of spermatogenesis support its proposed role because a modulator of testicular development and function.

scholarly journals Developmental Expression of Genes Involved in Neurosteroidogenesis: 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 Isomerase in the Rat Brain

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 2902-2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrystelle Ibanez ◽  
Rachida Guennoun ◽  
Philippe Liere ◽  
Bernard Eychenne ◽  
Antoine Pianos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Mrna Levels

Abstract In the central nervous system, neurosteroids, in particular progesterone, have neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. We thus decided to study the developmental expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 isomerase (3βHSD), an enzyme that converts pregnenolone to progesterone, in the male rat brain at 0, 7, 14, and 70 d after birth. 3βHSD mRNA was widely distributed throughout the brain, as shown by in situ hybridization. At all ages, the same cerebral structures were labeled, but the intensity of the hybridization signal constantly decreased during postnatal development. As the hippocampus is of particular interest because of its neuronal plasticity, we chose to quantify the changes in 3βHSD mRNA levels as well as progesterone and pregnenolone concentrations in this structure. Quantitative in situ hybridization confirmed a decrease in the expression of 3βHSD mRNA with progressing age, as revealed by a significant reduction in the density of silver grains per cell in the CA1 layer. This decrease was confirmed by semiquantitative RT-PCR on hippocampal samples. Concentrations of hippocampal pregnenolone and progesterone measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were highest on the day of birth and lower at the other ages. Plasma concentrations of these steroids were lower than those in the hippocampus, suggesting that they may have been mostly synthesized in situ since the day of birth. These results demonstrate variations in the expression of a gene coding for an enzyme critically involved in progesterone synthesis in the hippocampus throughout postnatal development.

206. Differential regulation of activin and inhibin production by interleukin 1 (IL1), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and protein kinase C (PKC) in the Sertoli cell and granulosa cell

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Eede ◽  
J. A. Muir ◽  
A. E. O. 'Connor ◽  
W. R. Winnall ◽  
A. E. Drummond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Inhibin A ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Subunit Mrna ◽  
Subunit Expression

Activin and inhibin are gonadal regulatory proteins comprising an α-subunit and either a βA-subunit or βB-subunit (inhibin A or B), or two βA-subunits (activin A). Synthesis of the α-subunit, and the inhibins, is regulated by FSH via cAMP/protein kinase A. Regulation of the β-subunits in the gonads is less well defined, but the IL1/MAP kinase, TGFβ /Smad and PKC pathways have been implicated. Sertoli cells and granulosa cells were isolated from 18–22 day-old Sprague-Dawley rats under standard conditions and cultured with IL1, TGFβ1 and the PKC agonists, gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Activin A, inhibin A and inhibin B were measured in culture medium (at 48h) by ELISA. Subunit mRNA expression was measured in cell extracts (at 4 h and 8h) using quantitative RT–PCR. IL1 stimulated βA-subunit and activin A production and inhibited α-subunit and βB-subunit expression and inhibin B production in Sertoli cells, but had no effect in granulosa cells. TGFβ1 stimulated activin A in both cell types, as well as the inhibins in granulosa cells. Surprisingly, TGFβ1 had no effect on Sertoli cell α-subunit or βA-subunit mRNA expression, but did cause a slight reduction of βB-subunit expression. GnRH increased activin A and inhibin A, but not inhibin B, production by granulosa cells and had no effect on Sertoli cells, which lack the GnRH receptor. However, direct activation of PKC by PMA stimulated βA-subunit mRNA expression and activin A production and decreased βB-subunit and inhibin B production by Sertoli cells, with marginal effects on inhibin A. These results indicate that activation of the TGFβ or PKC signalling pathways preferentially stimulates βA-subunit expression and/or translation, leading to increased activin A secretion by Sertoli cells and both activin A and inhibin A secretion by granulosa cells. The ability of IL1 to stimulate activin A is confined to the Sertoli cell.

scholarly journals Inverse correlation between baseline inhibin B and FSH after stimulation with GnRH: a study of serum levels of inhibin A and B, pro alpha-C and activin A in women with ovulatory disturbances before and after stimulation with GnRH

2000 ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
FW Casper ◽  
RJ Seufert ◽  
K Pollow
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Inhibin A ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pituitary Secretion ◽  
Objective Interest ◽  
A Minor

OBJECTIVE: Interest has focused recently on the influences of the polypeptide factors inhibin and activin on the selective regulation of the pituitary secretion of gonadotropins. DESIGN: Measurement of the concentrations of inhibin-related proteins in relation to the changes in pituitary gonadotropin (FSH, LH) parameters, after GnRH stimulation with a bolus injection of 100 microg gonadorelin, in 19 women with ovulatory disturbances. METHODS: Serum levels of inhibin A and B, activin A, and pro alpha-C were measured using sensitive ELISA kits. RESULTS: Within 60 min after GnRH stimulation, FSH values doubled from 5 to 10 mU/ml (P < 0.001). LH increased 12-fold from 2 to 24 mU/ml (P < 0.001). Activin A showed a significant decrease from 0.47 to 0.36 ng/ml (P < 0.001), whereas pro alpha-C increased from 127 to 156 pg/ml (P = 0.039). The median inhibin A concentration did not show a significant change between baseline and the 60 min value, whereas inhibin B was characterized by a minor, but not significant, increase in the median from 168 to 179 pg/ml (P = 0.408). A significant inverse correlation (P = 0.014) with a mean coefficient of correlation of 0.5516 was found, demonstrating a strong relationship between high inhibin B baseline levels and a small increase of FSH after 60 min. CONCLUSION: Our results show an interesting correlation between the baseline inhibin B and the change in FSH before and after GnRH stimulation. A high baseline inhibin B implies only a minor increase of FSH after 60 min.

scholarly journals Localization of CGRP and VEGF mRNAs in the mouse superior cervical ganglion during pre- and postnatal development

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Mitsuoka ◽  
Yoko Miwa ◽  
Takeshi Kikutani ◽  
Iwao Sato
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Antisense Probe ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) mediates inflammation and head pain by influencing the functional vascular blood supply. CGRP is a well-characterized mediator of receptor-regulated neurotransmitter release. However, knowledge regarding the role of CGRP during the development of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is limited. In the present study, we observed the localization of CGRP and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) mRNAs during prenatal development at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), E17.5 and postnatal day 1 (P1) using in situ hybridization. The antisense probe for CGRP was detected by in situ hybridization at E14.5, E17.5, and P1, and the highest levels were detected at E17.5. In contrast, the antisense probe for VEGF-A was detected by in situ hybridization in gradually increasing intensity from E14.5 to P1. The differences in the expression of these two markers revealed specific characteristics related to CGRP concentration and release compared to those of VEGF-A during development. The correlation between CGRP and VEGF-A may influence functional stress and the vascular blood supply during prenatal and postnatal development.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of maternal serum inhibin-A, inhibin-B, activin-A, activin-AB, pro-alphaC and follistatin during pregnancy

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3530-3536 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Fowler ◽  
L. W. Evans ◽  
N. P. Groome ◽  
A. Templeton ◽  
P. G. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Inhibin A

scholarly journals Ontogenetic Pattern of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Expression in the Human Testis

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 3453-3457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuele A. Jannini ◽  
Anna Crescenzi ◽  
Nadia Rucci ◽  
Emiliano Screponi ◽  
Eleonora Carosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Human Testis ◽  
Adult Testis ◽  
Maximal Expression

Abstract We studied the spatiotemporal distribution of thyroid hormone nuclear receptors (TRs) α1 and α2 and β messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in normal human testicular tissue during development and in adulthood. Nonpathological specimens from five aborted fetuses (17 and 23 weeks of gestation, three and two cases, respectively) and from four patients undergoing orchiectomy (18 months old and 38-, 42-, and 52-yr-old, respectively) were analyzed by Northern blot, semiquantitative RT-PCR amplification using DNA sequences or specifically designed primers for the TR isoforms, and in situ hybridization. By using PCR amplification, we found that TRα1 and TRα2 are both expressed at different levels in fetal and adult testis. At all ages TRα2 is found at higher levels. Northern analysis showed hybridization signals corresponding to the expression of TRα2 and TRα1 in a ratio that increased from 2.6 at 17 weeks of gestation to 12.0 in adulthood. In fact, the expression of TRα1 dramatically decreased throughout development, being faintly detectable in the adult testis. Expression of TRβ was not detected at any age studied. This finding was further confirmed by PCR, which did not amplify TRβ either in fetal or in adult testis mRNAs. In situ hybridization studies showed the absence of TRβ and that TRα1 and TRα2 colocalized in Sertoli cells of prepubertal testis, whereas germ and interstitial cells appeared devoid of TR mRNA signals. From these results it can be concluded that the human testis exclusively expresses TRα, which is localized in Sertoli cells, TRβ being always undetectable. Fetal and prepubertal ages represent the period of maximal expression of TRα1 and TRα2. Theα 2/α1 ratio rises dramatically after development. These results confirm a critical window for the action of thyroid hormone in human testis, in the period of maximal expression of T3 binding isoform TRα1, and may account for the macroorchidism without virilization occurring when hyposecretion of thyroid hormones occurs before puberty.

scholarly journals In situ hybridization reveals temporal and spatial changes in cellular expression of mRNA for a laminin receptor, laminin, and basement membrane (type IV) collagen in the developing kidney.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 1351-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
G W Laurie ◽  
S Horikoshi ◽  
P D Killen ◽  
B Segui-Real ◽  
Y Yamada
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Laminin Receptor ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Distal Tubules

The appearance of extracellular matrix molecules and their receptors represent key events in the differentiation of cells of the kidney. Steady-state mRNA levels for a laminin receptor, the laminin B1, B2, and A chains, and the alpha 1-chain of collagen IV (alpha 1[IV]), were examined in mouse kidneys at 16 d gestation and birth, when cell differentiation is active, and 1-3 wk after birth when this activity has subsided. Northern analysis revealed that mRNA expression of laminin receptor precedes the alpha 1(IV) and laminin B chains whereas laminin A chain mRNA expression was very low. In situ hybridization reflected this pattern and revealed the cells responsible for expression. At 16 d gestation, laminin receptor mRNA was elevated in cells of newly forming glomeruli and proximal and distal tubules of the nephrogenic zone located in the kidney cortex. These cells also expressed mRNA for alpha 1(IV) and laminin chains. At birth, mRNA expression of receptor and all chains remained high in glomeruli but was reduced in proximal and distal tubules. At 1 wk after birth, expression was located in the medulla over collecting ducts and loops of Henle. Little expression was detectable by 3 wk. These results suggest that cellular expression of steady-state mRNA for laminin receptor, laminin, and collagen IV is temporally linked, with laminin receptor expression proceeding first and thereafter subsiding.

scholarly journals Localization of urokinase-type plasminogen activator messenger RNA in the normal mouse by in situ hybridization.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kristensen ◽  
J Eriksen ◽  
K Danø
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Normal Mouse ◽  
Hybridization Signal ◽  
Mouse Tissue ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Collecting Tubules

The histological distribution of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) mRNA was analyzed in normal mouse tissue by in situ hybridization with anti-sense RNA transcribed from three different subclones of a mouse u-PA cDNA. Hybridization signal was found over a distinct fibroblast-like cell in the lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract, over proximal, distal, and collecting tubules of the kidney, and over the epithelium of the bladder, ductus deferens, and epididymis. No hybridization signal was found over cells of the lung, pancreas, liver, adrenal, pituitary, cerebrum, hypothalamus, cerebellum, sciatic nerve, and striated muscle, nor over endothelial cells in any tissue investigated. The lack of u-PA mRNA in lung tissue was confirmed by Northern analysis and is in contrast to the high amounts of u-PA protein found in this tissue.

Region-specific expression and sex-steroidal regulation on aromatase and its mRNA in the male rat brain: Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analyses

2006 ◽  
Vol 500 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjiu Zhao ◽  
Ryutaro Fujinaga ◽  
Mayumi Tanaka ◽  
Akie Yanai ◽  
Ken-Ichi Nakahama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Specific Expression
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document