Head and Neck Muscle Evolution from Sarcopterygian Fishes to Tetrapods, with a Special Focus on Mammals

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Diogo ◽  
Janine M. Ziermann ◽  
Julia Molnar ◽  
Natalia Siomava ◽  
Virginia Abdala
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Muscle Evolution

Impact of posterior deep neck muscle treatment on cervical dystonia: Necessity to differentiate between abnormal positions of head and neck

Basal Ganglia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Hefter ◽  
Ulrike Kahlen ◽  
Till R. Menge ◽  
Dietmar Rosenthal ◽  
Marek Moll
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cervical Dystonia ◽  
Neck Muscle

scholarly journals Influence of Head and Neck Muscle Contraction on Tinnitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Sang Hoon Kim ◽  
Tae Hyun Kim ◽  
Chul Won Yang ◽  
Sun A Choi ◽  
Seung Geun Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Muscle

scholarly journals Comparison of Whiskbroom and Pushbroom darkfield elastic light scattering spectroscopic imaging for head and neck cancer identification in a mouse model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam C. Bassler ◽  
Mona Stefanakis ◽  
Inês Sequeira ◽  
Edwin Ostertag ◽  
Alexandra Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Elastic Light Scattering ◽  
Proof Of Principle

AbstractThe early detection of head and neck cancer is a prolonged challenging task. It requires a precise and accurate identification of tissue alterations as well as a distinct discrimination of cancerous from healthy tissue areas. A novel approach for this purpose uses microspectroscopic techniques with special focus on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) methods. Our proof-of-principle study presents the implementation and application of darkfield elastic light scattering spectroscopy (DF ELSS) as a non-destructive, high-resolution, and fast imaging modality to distinguish lingual healthy from altered tissue regions in a mouse model. The main aspect of our study deals with the comparison of two varying HSI detection principles, which are a point-by-point and line scanning imaging, and whether one might be more appropriate in differentiating several tissue types. Statistical models are formed by deploying a principal component analysis (PCA) with the Bayesian discriminant analysis (DA) on the elastic light scattering (ELS) spectra. Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and precision values of 98% are achieved for both models whereas the overall specificity results in 99%. An additional classification of model-unknown ELS spectra is performed. The predictions are verified with histopathological evaluations of identical HE-stained tissue areas to prove the model’s capability of tissue distinction. In the context of our proof-of-principle study, we assess the Pushbroom PCA-DA model to be more suitable for tissue type differentiations and thus tissue classification. In addition to the HE-examination in head and neck cancer diagnosis, the usage of HSI-based statistical models might be conceivable in a daily clinical routine. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Extracellular miRNAs as Biomarkers of Head and Neck Cancer Progression and Metastasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Nowicka ◽  
Konrad Stawiski ◽  
Bartłomiej Tomasik ◽  
Wojciech Fendler
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Extracellular Mirnas ◽  
Extracellular Mirna

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) contribute to over 300,000 deaths every year worldwide. Although the survival rates have improved in some groups of patients, mostly due to new treatment options and the increasing percentage of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers, local recurrences and second primary tumors remain a great challenge for the clinicians. Presently, there is no biomarker for patient surveillance that could help identify patients with HNSCC that are more likely to experience a relapse or early progression, potentially requiring closer follow-up or salvage treatment. MicoRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules that posttranscriptionally modulate gene expression. They are highly stable and their level can be measured in biofluids including serum, plasma, and saliva, enabling quick results and allowing for repeated analysis during and after the completion of therapy. This has cemented the role of miRNAs as biomarkers with a huge potential in oncology. Since altered miRNA expression was described in HNSCC and many miRNAs play a role in radio- and chemotherapy resistance, cancer progression, and metastasis, they can be utilized as biomarkers of these phenomena. This review outlines recent discoveries in the field of extracellular miRNA-based biomarkers of HNSCC progression and metastasis, with a special focus on HPV-related cancers and radioresistance.

scholarly journals Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes in Cancer with a Special Focus on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4344
Author(s):  
Eliane Ebnoether ◽  
Laurent Muller
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
First Results ◽  
Innovative Techniques ◽  
Made In

Exosomes are nanovesicles part of a recently described intercellular communication system. Their properties seem promising as a biomarker in cancer research, where more sensitive monitoring and therapeutic applications are desperately needed. In the case of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), overall survival often remains poor, although huge technological advancements in the treatment of this disease have been made. In the following review, diagnostic and therapeutic properties are highlighted and summarised. Impressive first results have been obtained but more research is needed to implement these innovative techniques into daily clinical routines.

Kinematics and Kinetics of Vigorous Head Shaking

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
James R. Funk ◽  
Richard A. Watson ◽  
Joseph M. Cormier ◽  
Herb Guzman ◽  
Enrique Bonugli
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Neck Strength ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics ◽  
Fixed Center

Previous studies on neck muscle strength and motion have assumed or imposed varying constraints on the heads and bodies of the subjects. In this study, we asked 20 subjects to vigorously shake their heads 5−10 times in a completely unconstrained manner. The kinematics and kinetics of the head and neck were measured from video analysis and instrumentation mounted inside the mouth. Subjects shook their heads at self-selected tempos ranging from 1.9−4.7 Hz over a 20−91° range of motion. The motion of each subject’s head could be approximated by a fixed center of rotation that was typically located in the midcervical spine, but varied widely among subjects. Significant differences between men and women were observed. Peak head accelerations were low (4.3 ± 1.1 g and 250 ± 103 rad/s2 for men, 3.0 ± 0.9 g and 182 ± 58 rad/s2 for women) and estimated peak generated neck moments at C7/T1 were comparable to values reported in isometric neck strength studies (47 ± 14 N·m in extension and 22 ± 9 N·m in flexion for men, 25 ± 8 N·m in extension and 9 ± 7 N·m in flexion for women).

scholarly journals Targeting Fatty Acid Metabolism in Head and Neck Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 381-390
Author(s):  
Ji-Hoon Kim ◽  
Minhee Ku ◽  
Jaemoon Yang ◽  
Hyung Kwon Byeon
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Cancer Proliferation ◽  
Nutrient Sources

Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is an important, emerging, and universal hallmark of cancer which has received considerable attention during the recent era of cancer research. Cancer cells show characteristic alterations in glucose metabolism in order to fulfill the needs of biosynthesis for tumor proliferation and growth. However, under certain circumstances such as invasion and metastasis, cancer cells are prone to metabolic stress and will require different strategies to meet the high energetic demand from cancer progression. From various metabolic rewiring mechanisms, cancer cells adopt other metabolic pathways with alternative nutrient sources. Therefore, targeting cancer metabolism holds promising but great challenge caused by the metabolic plasticity of cancer cells. This review will discuss characteristic cancer metabolism in detail with special focus on lipid metabolism which is gathering increasingly keen interest, in order to find novel therapeutic approaches to head and neck cancer. By understanding and exploiting the synthesis, oxidation, and storage of fatty acids, we could investigate potential strategies to block cancer proliferation and progression.

scholarly journals The Lymphoscintigraphic Study of Unpredictable Head and Neck Cutaneous Melanoma Lymphatic Drainage

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Valentina Lavelli ◽  
Cristina Ferrari ◽  
Giulia Santo ◽  
Corinna Altini ◽  
Andrea Ballini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Primary Melanoma ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Lymphatic Pathways

Head and neck cutaneous melanoma (HNCM) does not always follow standard lymphatic drainage; typical expected lymphatic pathways are associated with unexpected ones. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the primary HNCM sites and all possible lymphatic drainage pathways by lymphoscintigraphy with a special focus on the unexpected sentinel lymph node (SLNs) detection. We retrospectively analyzed 67 patients (46 M, 21 F; mean age 63 years) who underwent lymphoscintigraphy from January 2004 to November 2018. 99mTc-serum albumin was injected intra-dermally at the dose of 18–37 MBq in 0.2–0.4 mL. All patients underwent dynamic and static image acquisition. For all patients, the relation between the expected and unexpected SLNs was performed using the “Sidney Melanoma Unit Database” as our reference. The relation was performed also according to the primary HNCM localization. Cohens’ kappa was calculated. In 61/67 (91%) of patients, SLNs were detected only in predictable sites, while in six/67 (9%), unexpected SLNs were revealed. In all patients, the agreement proportion was 91% (95% confidence interval CI 0.8–0.96) and Cohen’s K was 0.11 (95% CI 0–0.43). Regarding the primary melanoma sites, the nasolabial field HNCM showed the highest rate of concordance (K = 0.60; 95%, CI 0.32–0.89) while the preauricular region HNCM revealed the highest rate of discordance with the clinically predictable drainage. The HNCM lymphatic drainage is extremely variable in regard to both the sites and the number of involved SLNs. The lymphoscintigraphic study is highly recommended to identify all possible SLNs in order to perform an accurate staging for all patients and to avoid missing unexpected SLNs.

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