Current Understanding of Interactions between Nanoparticles and the Immune System

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-228
Author(s):  
Marina A. Dobrovolskaia ◽  
Michael Shurin ◽  
Anna A. Shvedova
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Current Understanding

scholarly journals Fecal Virome Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Lin ◽  
Henry C. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Established Role

The gut virome consists of a large population of eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses that have an emerging role in human health and disease. Growing evidence for the importance of the virome includes recent findings on fecal virome transplantation (FVT) that suggest FVT may have therapeutic potential for the resolution of dysbiosis and treatment of dysbiosis-related disorders. Most viruses in the gut virome are bacteriophages (phages), which have a well-established role in regulating bacterial communities across environments. Phages also influence health and disease by interacting directly with the host immune system. The full extent to which gut phages should be considered as both a target and a tool for microbiome modulation remains to be seen. This chapter will explore the current understanding of the gut virome and the therapeutic potential for FVT.

scholarly journals Tobacco Products and the Risks of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S93-S95
Author(s):  
Jonathan M Samet
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Tobacco Products

Abstract Implications: This commentary addresses the state of the evidence on tobacco products, nicotine, and COVID-19. The evidence of the effects of smoking on respiratory infections and the immune system in general are examined and the current understanding of tobacco products and risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and the course of COVID-19 is addressed.

scholarly journals Current Understanding of Osteoimmunology in Certain Osteoimmune Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anqi Zhou ◽  
Bingfeng Wu ◽  
Hui Yu ◽  
Yufei Tang ◽  
Jiayi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Promising Perspective ◽  
Bone Abnormalities ◽  
Over Time

The skeletal system and immune system seem to be two independent systems. However, there in fact are extensive and multiple crosstalk between them. The concept of osteoimmunology was created to describe those interdisciplinary events, but it has been constantly updated over time. In this review, we summarize the interactions between the skeletal and immune systems in the co-development of the two systems and the progress of certain typical bone abnormalities and bone regeneration on the cellular and molecular levels according to the mainstream novel study. At the end of the review, we also highlighted the possibility of extending the research scope of osteoimmunology to other systemic diseases. In conclusion, we propose that osteoimmunology is a promising perspective to uncover the mechanism of related diseases; meanwhile, a study from the point of view of osteoimmunology may also provide innovative ideas and resolutions to achieve the balance of internal homeostasis.

scholarly journals BartonellaInfection in Immunocompromised Hosts: Immunology of Vascular Infection and Vasoproliferation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosepele Mosepele ◽  
Dana Mazo ◽  
Jennifer Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Trench Fever ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

Most infections by genusBartonellain immunocompromised patients are caused byB. henselaeandB. quintana. Unlike immunocompetent hosts who usually develop milder diseases such as cat scratch disease and trench fever, immunocompromised patients, including those living with HIV/AIDS and posttransplant patients, are more likely to develop different and severe life-threatening disease. This paper will discussBartonella'smanifestations in immunosuppressed patients and will examineBartonella'sinteraction with the immune system including its mechanisms of establishing infection and immune escape. Gaps in current understanding of the immunology ofBartonellainfection in immunocompromised hosts will be highlighted.

scholarly journals Current understanding of interactions between nanoparticles and the immune system

2016 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. Dobrovolskaia ◽  
Michael Shurin ◽  
Anna A. Shvedova
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Current Understanding

scholarly journals Microbiome, Autoimmune Diseases and HIV Infection: Friends or Foes?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2629
Author(s):  
Chiara Pellicano ◽  
Giorgia Leodori ◽  
Giuseppe Pietro Innocenti ◽  
Antonietta Gigante ◽  
Edoardo Rosato
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Hiv Patients

Several studies highlighted the importance of the interaction between microbiota and the immune system in the development and maintenance of the homeostasis of the human organism. Dysbiosis is associated with proinflammatory and pathological state-like metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases and HIV infection. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the possible role of dysbiosis in triggering and/or exacerbating symptoms of autoimmune diseases and HIV infection. There are no data about the influence of the microbiome on the development of autoimmune diseases during HIV infection. We can hypothesize that untreated patients may be more susceptible to the development of autoimmune diseases, due to the presence of dysbiosis. Eubiosis, re-established by probiotic administration, can be used to reduce triggers for autoimmune diseases in untreated HIV patients, although clinical studies are needed to evaluate the role of the microbiome in autoimmune diseases in HIV patients.

scholarly journals Stroke-induced immunosuppression and poststroke infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaibin Shi ◽  
Kristofer Wood ◽  
Fu-Dong Shi ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Qiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Immune Defence ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Tailored Design

Infections occur commonly after stroke and are strongly associated with an unfavourable functional outcome of these patients. Approaches for effective management of poststroke infection remain scarce, presenting an urgent need for preventive anti-infection strategies for patients who have suffered a stroke. Emerging evidence indicates that stroke impairs systemic immune responses and increases the susceptibility to infections, suggesting that the modification of impaired immune defence could be beneficial. In this review, we summarised previous attempts to prevent poststroke infections using prophylactic antibiotics and the current understanding of stroke-induced immunosuppression. Further elucidation of the immune mechanisms of stroke will pave the way to tailored design of new treatment to combat poststroke infection via modifying the immune system.

Effect of puberty on multiple sclerosis risk and course

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Waubant
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Risk ◽  
The Impact

Puberty occurs over several years and is a time of major sex hormone changes. These changes impact many physiological functions including immune system maturation. This review details the current understanding of the impact of puberty on the risk to develop multiple sclerosis (MS) and the age at which it occurs, as well as its effect on the risk of relapses.

Pregnancy Physiology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Miller ◽  
Mary N. Towner
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Peripheral Nervous Systems ◽  
And Function ◽  
In Pregnancy

This chapter discusses the complex physiologic changes that take place in the immune and nervous system of the pregnant patient. Shifts in cellular production and function as well as the dramatic alterations in hormone concentrations observed in pregnancy are described. The chapter also reviews the current understanding of the major gestational hormones’ roles within the immune and nervous system. We will also summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the physiologic effects of pregnancy, focusing on the effects of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin on the female immune system and central and peripheral nervous systems. Whenever possible, the clinical relevance of such immunologic and neurologic adaptations to pregnancy will be highlighted.

scholarly journals Deciphering the Immune–Tumor Interplay During Early-Stage Lung Cancer Development via Single-Cell Technology

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Wei Chen ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Yingze Li ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Yijiu Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Early Stage Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Technology ◽  
Stage Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer immunotherapy has shown great success in treating advanced-stage lung cancer but has yet been used to treat early-stage lung cancer, mostly due to lack of understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment in early-stage lung cancer. The immune system could both constrain and promote tumorigenesis in a process termed immune editing that can be divided into three phases, namely, elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Current understanding of the immune response toward tumor is mainly on the “escape” phase when the tumor is clinically detectable. The detailed mechanism by which tumor progenitor lesions was modulated by the immune system during early stage of lung cancer development remains elusive. The advent of single-cell sequencing technology enables tumor immunologists to address those fundamental questions. In this perspective, we will summarize our current understanding and big gaps about the immune response during early lung tumorigenesis. We will then present the state of the art of single-cell technology and then envision how single-cell technology could be used to address those questions. Advances in the understanding of the immune response and its dynamics during malignant transformation of pre-malignant lesion will shed light on how malignant cells interact with the immune system and evolve under immune selection. Such knowledge could then contribute to the development of precision and early intervention strategies toward lung malignancy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document