scholarly journals The Pleiotropic Effect of Physical Exercise on Mitochondrial Dynamics in Aging Skeletal Muscle

2016 ◽  
pp. 147-182
Author(s):  
Elena Barbieri ◽  
Deborah Agostini ◽  
Emanuela Polidori ◽  
Lucia Potenza ◽  
Michele Guescini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect

scholarly journals The Pleiotropic Effect of Physical Exercise on Mitochondrial Dynamics in Aging Skeletal Muscle

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Barbieri ◽  
Deborah Agostini ◽  
Emanuela Polidori ◽  
Lucia Potenza ◽  
Michele Guescini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Muscle Adaptations ◽  
And Function

Decline in human muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia) is one of the principal hallmarks of the aging process. Regular physical exercise and training programs are certain powerful stimuli to attenuate the physiological skeletal muscle alterations occurring during aging and contribute to promote health and well-being. Although the series of events that led to these muscle adaptations are poorly understood, the mechanisms that regulate these processes involve the “quality” of skeletal muscle mitochondria. Aerobic/endurance exercise helps to maintain and improve cardiovascular fitness and respiratory function, whereas strength/resistance-exercise programs increase muscle strength, power development, and function. Due to the different effect of both exercises in improving mitochondrial content and quality, in terms of biogenesis, dynamics, turnover, and genotype, combined physical activity programs should be individually prescribed to maximize the antiaging effects of exercise.

scholarly journals The Pleiotropic Effect of Physical Exercise on Mitochondrial Dynamics in Aging Skeletal Muscle

2017 ◽  
pp. 147-182
Author(s):  
Elena Barbieri ◽  
Deborah Agostini ◽  
Emanuela Polidori ◽  
Lucia Potenza ◽  
Michele Guescini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect

scholarly journals Physical activity and health, novel concepts and new targets: report from the 12th Conference of the International Research Group on the Biochemistry of Exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs K. C. Hesselink ◽  
Marleen A. van Baak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Research Group ◽  
International Research ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
International Research Group ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Exercise Induced

The present paper is the introductory paper to a series of brief reviews representing the proceedings of a recent conference on ‘The biochemical basis for the health effects of exercise’ organized by the International Research Group on the Biochemistry of Exercise in conjunction with the Nutrition Society. Here the aim is to briefly review and highlight the main innovations presented during this meeting. The following topics were covered during the meeting: exercise signalling pathways controlling fuel oxidation during and after exercise; the fatty acid transporters of skeletal muscle; mechanisms involved in exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle; new methodologies and insights in the regulation of fat metabolism during exercise; muscle hypertrophy: the signals of insulin, amino acids and exercise; adipose tissue–liver–muscle interactions leading to insulin resistance. In these symposia state-of-the-art knowledge on how physical exercise exerts its effects on health was presented. The fast-growing number of identified pathways and processes involved in the health effects of physical exercise, which were discussed during the meeting, will help to develop tailored physical-activity regimens in the prevention of inactivity-induced deterioration of health.

Physical exercise increases autophagic signaling through ULK1 in human skeletal muscle

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 971-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Buch Møller ◽  
Mikkel Holm Vendelbo ◽  
Britt Christensen ◽  
Berthil Forrest Clasen ◽  
Ann Mosegaard Bak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transgenic Animal ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Transgenic Animal Models ◽  
Exercise Induced

Data from transgenic animal models suggest that exercise-induced autophagy is critical for adaptation to physical training, and that Unc-51 like kinase-1 (ULK1) serves as an important regulator of autophagy. Phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser555 stimulates autophagy, whereas phosphorylation at Ser757 is inhibitory. To determine whether exercise regulates ULK1 phosphorylation in humans in vivo in a nutrient-dependent manner, we examined skeletal muscle biopsies from healthy humans after 1-h cycling exercise at 50% maximal O2 uptake on two occasions: 1) during a 36-h fast, and 2) during continuous glucose infusion at 0.2 kg/h. Physical exercise increased ULK1 phosphorylation at Ser555 and decreased lipidation of light chain 3B. ULK1 phosphorylation at Ser555 correlated positively with AMP-activated protein kinase-α Thr172 phosphorylation and negatively with light chain 3B lipidation. ULK1 phosphorylation at Ser757 was not affected by exercise. Fasting increased ULK1 and p62 protein expression, but did not affect exercise-induced ULK1 phosphorylation. These data demonstrate that autophagy signaling is activated in human skeletal muscle after 60 min of exercise, independently of nutritional status, and suggest that initiation of autophagy constitutes an important physiological response to exercise in humans.

scholarly journals Physical exercise increases Sestrin 2 protein levels and induces autophagy in the skeletal muscle of old mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciene Lenhare ◽  
Barbara M. Crisol ◽  
Vagner R.R. Silva ◽  
Carlos K. Katashima ◽  
André V. Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Old Mice

Molecular insight and pharmacological approaches targeting mitochondrial dynamics in skeletal muscle during obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 1350 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huei-Fen Jheng ◽  
Shin-Han Huang ◽  
Hsueh-Maio Kuo ◽  
Michael W. Hughes ◽  
Yau-Sheng Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics
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