scholarly journals Secretion of Ligninolytic Enzymes by the White Rot Fungus Stereum Ostrea Immobilized on Polyurethane Cubes Under the Influence of Chlorpyrifos

2017 ◽  
pp. 265-275
Author(s):  
B. S. Shanthi Kumari ◽  
Kanderi Dileep Kumar ◽  
K. Y. Usha ◽  
A. Ramya ◽  
B. Rajasekhar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus

scholarly journals Transcriptomics analysis reveals the high biodegradation efficiency of white-rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 on native lignin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqiao Wang ◽  
Tomohiro Suzuki ◽  
Hideo Dohra ◽  
Toshio Mori ◽  
Hirokazu Kawagishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Lignin Biodegradation ◽  
Phanerochaete Sordida

Abstract Background Lignocellulosic biomass is an organic matrix composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In nature, lignin degradation by basidiomycetes is the key step in lignocellulose decay. The white-rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 (YK-624) has been extensively studied due to its high lignin degradation ability. In our previous study, it was demonstrated that YK-624 can secrete lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase for lignin degradation. However, the underlying mechanism for lignin degradation by YK-624 remains unknown.Results Here, we analyzed YK-624 gene expression following growth under ligninolytic and nonligninolytic conditions and compared the differentially expressed genes in YK-624 to those in the model white-rot fungus P. chrysosporium by next-generation sequencing. More ligninolytic enzymes and lignin-degrading auxiliary enzymes were upregulated in YK-624. This might explain the high degradation efficiency of YK-624. In addition, the genes involved in energy metabolism pathways, such as the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, carbon metabolism and glycolysis, were upregulated under ligninolytic conditions in YK-624.Conclusions In the present study, the first differential gene expression analysis of YK-624 under ligninolytic and nonligninolytic conditions was reported. The results obtained in this study indicated that YK-624 produces more energy- and lignin-degrading enzymes for more efficient lignin biodegradation.

Production of ligninolytic enzymes of the white rot fungus Panus tigrinus

1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Leontievsky ◽  
N.M. Myasoedova ◽  
L.A. Golovleva
Keyword(s):  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Panus Tigrinus

scholarly journals Decolorisation of Azo Dye Congo Red (CR) by Termitomyces sp. Biomass

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Kavitha Mary Jackson ◽  
Velu Gomathi
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Fungal Cell

Aims: A study was conducted to evaluate decoloration of azo dye, Congo Red (CR) using fungal hyphal mat of beneficial bacidiomycete Termitomyces sp. TMS7 (MW694830) as bio sorbent material. Study design:  Completely randomized block design (CRD). Place and duration of study: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, between September 2019 and January 2020. Methodology: Isolation of white rot fungus from basidiocarb was done and screened based on their ligninolytic enzyme activity and Isolate TMS 7 was selected as best isolate and identified through ITS 1 and ITS 4 primers. Efficiency of fungal biomass to decolorize Congo red was assessed and per cent decoloration and kinetics were calculated. Results: Twelve fungal isolates were obtained and Isolate TMS 7 was selected as best isolate based on enzymatic activity. TMS 7 was identified as Termitomyces sp. using ITS 1 and ITS 4 primer. Ligninolytic enzymes i.e. cellulase (9.97 µ mol of glucose released/min/mg protein), and xylanase (9.55 µ mol of xylose released/min/mg protein) were quantified from the crude fungal extract of TMS 7, which was higher than standard (Termitomyces albuminosus -MTCC 1366). Decolorisation efficiency of termitomyces fungal biomass (1 g/100 ml) against different concentration of congo red dye (50-250 mg/L) was assessed. About 100 % (99.9) degradation was recorded in the minimum dye concentration of 50 mg/L within 3 days and 8 % decoloration was achieved at the highest dye concentration (250 mg/L) within 5 days. Conclusion: Possible mechanism of degradation is the presence of lignolytic enzyme especially cellulase, xylanase in the culture filtrate and bio sorption of degraded product by the fungal cell wall components viz., chitin, glucan other complex polymers.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Sumber Karbon pada Produksi Lakase dari Jamur Pelapuk Putih Marasmius sp. dalam Fermentasi Kultur Padat

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Hendro Risdianto ◽  
Elis Sofianti ◽  
Suraya Suraya ◽  
Sri Harjati Suhardi ◽  
Tjandra Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Solid Support ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Laccase Production

Lakase merupakan salah satu enzim ligninolitik yang memiliki kemampuan mendegradasi lignin. Lakase telah diproduksi menggunakan jamur pelapuk putih Marasmius sp. dalam Fermentasi Kultur Padat (FKP) menggunakan jerami padi sebagai media pertumbuhan. Pengaruh sumber karbon yaitu glukosa, gliserol, dan molase dalam medium produksi lakase digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Konsentrasi 0,5%; 1,0%; dan 2,0% digunakan untuk tiap jenis sumber karbon. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas tertinggi lakase diperoleh pada kultivasi hari ke 6-10  dengan masing-masing aktivitas (872,0 U/L (hari ke-6), 1516,67 U/L (hari ke-9) dan 1270,69 U/L (hari ke-10). Aktivitas lakase tertinggi diperoleh pada penggunaan medium gliserol dan molase masing-masing adalah 1422,36 U/L (pada konsentrasi 1%, hari ke-7) dan 113,19 U/L (pada konsentrasi 2%, hari ke-8). Aktivitas tertinggi tersebut sebanding dengan penggunaan medium glukosa. Oleh karena itu, gliserol dan molase dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif sumber karbon untuk produksi lakase dengan fermentasi kultur padat.Kata kunci: glukosa, gliserol, lakase, molase, Marasmius sp., fermentasi kultur padat Influence of Carbon Sources on Laccase Production by White Rot Fungus Marasmius sp. in Solid State FermentationAbstractLaccase is an one of the ligninolytic enzymes that capable to degrade lignin in biomass. Laccase has been produced by white rot fungus Marasmius sp. in Solid State Fermentation (SSF) using rice straw as the solid support media. The influence of carbon sources, i.e. glucose, glycerol and molasses in medium of laccase production were studied in this paper. The concentration of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% were used for each carbon sources. The results showed that the highest lacase activity was obtained within 6-10 days of cultivation. Glucose concentration of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% gave the highest laccase activity were 872.0 U/L (day 6), 1516.67 U/L (day 9) and 1270.69 U/L (day 10) respectively. The highest laccase activity on using glycerol and molasses was 1422.36 U/L (at concentration of 1 % on day 7th) and 1113.19 U/L (at concentration of 2% on day 8th), respectively. This activity was comparable to that of glucose substrate. Therefore, glycerol and molasses gave a potential chance as carbon sources for the strategy on low cost laccase production in solid state fermentation.Keywords: glucose, glycerol, laccase, molasses, Marasmius sp., solid state fermentation. 

scholarly journals Influence of Cadmium and Mercury on Activities of Ligninolytic Enzymes and Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Pleurotus ostreatus in Soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2471-2478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Baldrian ◽  
Carsten in der Wiesche ◽  
Jiří Gabriel ◽  
František Nerud ◽  
František Zadražil
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

ABSTRACT The white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus was able to degrade the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and benzo[ghi]perylene in nonsterile soil both in the presence and in the absence of cadmium and mercury. During 15 weeks of incubation, recovery of individual compounds was 16 to 69% in soil without additional metal. While soil microflora contributed mostly to degradation of pyrene (82%) and benzo[a]anthracene (41%), the fungus enhanced the disappearance of less-soluble polycyclic aromatic compounds containing five or six aromatic rings. Although the heavy metals in the soil affected the activity of ligninolytic enzymes produced by the fungus (laccase and Mn-dependent peroxidase), no decrease in PAH degradation was found in soil containing Cd or Hg at 10 to 100 ppm. In the presence of cadmium at 500 ppm in soil, degradation of PAHs by soil microflora was not affected whereas the contribution of fungus was negligible, probably due to the absence of Mn-dependent peroxidase activity. In the presence of Hg at 50 to 100 ppm or Cd at 100 to 500 ppm, the extent of soil colonization by the fungus was limited.

Activities of ligninolytic enzymes of the white rot fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium and its recalcitrant substance degradability

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wu ◽  
Hiroaki Ozaki ◽  
Yutaka Terashima ◽  
Toshihiro Imada ◽  
Yumiko Ohkouchi
Keyword(s):  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Veratryl Alcohol ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Limited Condition ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Nitrogen Excess

The factors influencing the activities of extracellular ligninolytic enzymes synthesized by white rot fungus,Phanerochaete chrysosporium , were investigated by batch culture experiments. The LiP activity was maximal under the nitrogen-sufficient condition, compared with the activities under both conditions of the nitrogen-limited and nitrogen-excess. The manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) activity was highest under nitrogen-limited condition. Veratryl alcohol was found to be the most important substrate enhancing lignin peroxidase (LiP) activity in carbon-limited medium. The decolorization of azo dye (Reactive Red 22) by P. chrysosporium in the presence of both LiP and MnP under carbon-limited condition was greater than that in the presence of MnP under nitrogen-limited condition. Two chlorinated substances (2,6-DCP and MCPA) were degraded under conditions of nitrogen-limitation and notrogen-sufficiency. The azo dyes were also decolorized by the crude extracellular ligninolytic enzymes from P. chrysosporium.

scholarly journals Production of Ligninolytic Enzymes by White-Rot FungusDatroniasp. KAPI0039 and Their Application for Reactive Dye Removal

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilanee Vaithanomsat ◽  
Waraporn Apiwatanapiwat ◽  
Oncheera Petchoy ◽  
Jirawate Chedchant
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Reactive Black 5 ◽  
Reactive Blue 19 ◽  
Fungal Inoculum

This study focused on decolorization of 2 reactive dyes; Reactive Blue 19 (RBBR) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5), by selected white-rot fungusDatroniasp. KAPI0039. The effects of reactive dye concentration, fungal inoculum size as well as pH were studied. Samples were periodically collected for the measurement of color unit, Laccase (Lac), Manganese Peroxidase (MnP), and Lignin Peroxidase (LiP) activity. Eighty-six percent of 1,000 mg L−1RBBR decolorization was achieved by 2% (w/v)Datroniasp. KAPI0039 at pH 5. The highest Lac activity (759.81 UL−1) was detected in the optimal condition. For RB5,Datroniasp. KAPI0039 efficiently performed (88.01% decolorization) at 2% (w/v) fungal inoculum size for the reduction of 600 mg L−1RB5 under pH 5. The highest Lac activity (178.57 UL−1) was detected, whereas the activity of MnP and LiP was absent during this hour. The result, therefore, indicated thatDatroniasp. KAPI0039 was obviously able to breakdown both reactive dyes, and Lac was considered as a major lignin-degradation enzyme in this reaction.

scholarly journals Self-Sustaining Bioelectrochemical Cell from Fungal Degradation of Lignin-Rich Agrowaste

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Asiah Sukri ◽  
Raihan Othman ◽  
Firdaus Abd-Wahab ◽  
Noraini M. Noor
Keyword(s):  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Air Electrode ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Specific Affinity ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Laccase Enzyme

The present work describes a self-sustaining bioelectrochemical system that adopts simple cell configurations and operates in uncontrolled ambient surroundings. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) was comprised of white-rot fungus of Phanaerochaete chrysosporium fed with oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) as the substrate. This fungal strain degrades lignin by producing ligninolytic enzymes such as laccase, which demonstrates a specific affinity for oxygen as its electron acceptor. By simply pairing zinc and the air electrode in a membraneless, single-chamber, 250-mL enclosure, electricity could be harvested. The microbial zinc/air cell is capable of sustaining a 1 mA discharge current continuously for 44 days (i.e., discharge capacity of 1056 mAh). The role of the metabolic activities of P. chrysosporium on EFB towards the MFC’s performance is supported by linear sweep voltammetry measurement and scanning electron microscopy observations. The ability of the MFC to sustain its discharge for a prolonged duration despite the fungal microbes not being attached to the air electrode is attributed to the formation of a network of filamentous hyphae under the submerged culture. Further, gradual lignin decomposition by fungal inocula ensures a continuous supply of laccase enzyme and radical oxidants to the MFC. These factors promote a self-sustaining MFC devoid of any control features.

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