Metal Oxides: Macromolecular Complexes MXn · Polymer as a Solid-State Precursor of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanostructures

2016 ◽  
pp. 531-551
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Macromolecular Complexes ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanostructures

Review. Non-aqueous Sol-Gel Routes to Metal Oxide Nanocrystals under Solvothermal Conditions: Review and Case Study on Doped Group IV Metal Oxides

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pucci ◽  
Nicola Pinna
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis ◽  
Solvothermal Conditions

Over the last decade, the number of publications concerning the non-aqueous sol-gel synthesis of metal oxide nanostructures has rapidly increased, as this method affords an immense variety of sizes and shapes of the products. This review highlights the versatility of non-aqueous sol-gel routes, under solvothermal conditions, to metal oxide and hybrid materials. In particular, the easier control over the reaction kinetics, compared to aqueous methods, allows to better match the reactivity between metal oxide precursors. This permits to produce complex multimetal and doped oxides at low temperature, as it is discussed in detail for the case of doped group IV metal oxides

scholarly journals Synthesis of hydroxylated group IV metal oxides inside hollow graphitised carbon nanofibers: nano-sponges and nanoreactors for enhanced decontamination of organophosphates

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (41) ◽  
pp. 20444-20453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell A. Astle ◽  
Graham A. Rance ◽  
Michael W. Fay ◽  
Stuart Notman ◽  
Mark R. Sambrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanostructures

The enhanced catalytic properties of hydroxylated group IV metal oxide nanostructures confined within hollow graphitised carbon nanofibers has been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Advances in designs and mechanisms of semiconducting metal oxide nanostructures for high-precision gas sensors operated at room temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijie Li ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Zhonglin Wu ◽  
Mingkui Wang ◽  
Jingting Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Semiconducting Metal Oxides ◽  
Semiconducting Metal Oxide

A comprehensive review on designs and mechanisms of semiconducting metal oxides with various nanostructures for room-temperature gas sensor applications.

Surfactant-mediated Synthesis of Functional Metal Oxide Nanostructures via Microwave Irradiation-assisted Chemical Synthesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjaya Brahma ◽  
S. A. Shivashankar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Synthesis Procedure

AbstractNanostructured materials have attracted considerable interest in recent years due to their properties which differ strongly from their bulk phase and potential applications in nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices. Metal oxide nanostructures can be synthesized by variety of different synthesis techniques developed in recent years such as thermal decomposition, sol-gel technique, chemical coprecipitation, hydrothermal process, solvothermal process, spray pyrolysis, polyol process etc. All the above processes go through a tedious synthesis procedure followed by prolonged heat treatment at elevated temperature and are time consuming. In the present work we describe a rapid microwave irradiation-assisted chemical synthesis technique for the growth of nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanotubes of a variety of metal oxides in the presence of an appropriate surfactant, without the use of any templates The method is simple, inexpensive, and helps one to prepare nanostructures in a very simple way, and in a very short time, measured in minutes. The synthesis procedure employs high quality metalorganic complexes (typically -diketonates) featuring a direct metal-to-oxygen bond in its molecular structure. The complex is dissolved in a suitable solvent, often with a surfactant added, and the solution then subjected to microwave irradiation in a domestic microwave oven operating at 2.45 GHz frequency with power varying from 160-800 W, from a few seconds to a few minutes, leading to the formation of corresponding metal oxides. This method has been used successfully to synthesize nanostructures of a variety of binary and ternary metal oxides such as ZnO, CdO, Fe2O3, CuO, Ga2O3, Gd2O3, ZnFe2O4, etc. There is an observed variation in the morphology of the nanostructures with the change of different parameters such as microwave power, irradiation time, appropriate solvent, surfactant type and concentration. Cationic, anionic, nonionic and polymeric surfactants have been used to generate a variety of nanostructures. Even so, to remove the surfactant, there is either no need of heat treatment or a very brief exposure to heat suffices, to yield highly pure and crystalline oxide materials as prepared. By adducting the metal complexes, the shape of the nanostructures can be controlled further. In this manner, very well formed, single-crystalline, hexagonal nanorods and nanotubes of ZnO have been formed. Adducting the zinc complex leads to the formation of tapered ZnO nanorods with a very fine tip, suitable for electron emission applications. Particle size and their monodispersity can be controlled by a suitable choice of a precursor complex, the surfactant, and its concentration. The resulting metal oxide nanostructures have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and electron emission measurements.

scholarly journals Metal Oxides

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Grilli
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Oxide Materials ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Film Form

Oxide materials in bulk and thin film form, and metal oxide nanostructures exhibit a great variety of functional properties which make them ideal for applications in solar cells, gas sensors, optoelectronic devices, passive optics, catalysis, corrosion protection, environmental protection, etc. [...]

scholarly journals Solution synthesis of metal oxides for electrochemical energy storage applications

Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 5008-5048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhui Xia ◽  
Yongqi Zhang ◽  
Dongliang Chao ◽  
Cao Guan ◽  
Yijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Electrochemical Energy Storage ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Solution Synthesis ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Energy Storage Applications

Various solution-based synthesis methods for common metal oxide nanostructures and associated reaction mechanisms are reviewed.

Template-free, low temperature synthesis of binary and ternary metal oxide nanostructures

2011 ◽  
Vol 1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjaya Brahma ◽  
Pallavi Arod ◽  
S.A. Shivashankar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Zno Nanostructures ◽  
Structure Directing Agent ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Ternary Metal

ABSTRACTWe report synthesis of some binary and ternary metal oxide nanostructures using microwave irradiation-assisted chemical synthesis, either in the presence or absence of a surfactant/structure directing agent. The method is simple, inexpensive, and yields nanoparticles of desired metal oxides in minutes, and requires no conventional templating. Nanoparticles of some functionally advanced binary/ternary metal oxides (MnO2, ZnO, CuO, ZnMn2O4 etc) have been synthesized using metal acetylacetonates as the starting precursor material and microwave as the source of energy, in a process developed in detail in our laboratory. The nanoparticle size varies from 7-50 nm. Emphasis has been placed on the synthesis of ZnO nanostructures, particularly ZnO nanoshells, which do not require any surfactant/structure-directing agent for synthesis. There is a systematic variation in the morphology of the ZnO nanostructures with variation of process parameters, such as microwave power, microwave irradiation time, type of solvents, surfactants/structure-directing agents and its type and concentration. The as-prepared powder sample may either need a very brief exposure to heat to remove the surfactant or no post-synthesis processing, and is found to be well-crystallised. Determination of their crystallinity, actual shape, and orientation was made using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

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