The Impact of Aging and Calorie Restriction on Liver Mitochondria

2015 ◽  
pp. 168-195
Keyword(s):  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effect of intermittent versus continuous calorie restriction on body weight and cardiometabolic risk markers in subjects with overweight or obesity and mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia: a randomized trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Maroofi ◽  
Javad Nasrollahzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract Background Intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) is a novel method of dietary restriction for body weight control with the potential to improve obesity-related cardiometabolic markers, but the impact of this diet on subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) remains unknown. Methods Eighty-eight subjects with overweight or obesity and mild-to-moderate HTG were randomized to the continuous calorie restriction (CCR) group, or ICR group (a very low-calorie diet during 3 days of the week) for 8 weeks (44 patients in each group). Body composition, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and liver enzymes were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Results The body weight decreased in both groups (4.07 ± 1.83 kg in the CCR group and 4.57 ± 2.21 kg in the ICR group) with no significant difference between the groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the reduced amount of fat mass, fat-free mass, and waist circumference. Both groups achieved a significant reduction in plasma triglycerides after 8 weeks (by 15.6 and 6.3% in ICR and CCR groups, respectively) with no difference between treatment groups. HOMA-IR improved significantly in ICR compared to the CCR group (P = 0.03). Plasma glucose, insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver enzyme, and adiponectin were not different between the two groups. Conclusions The results of this short-term study suggest that three-days a week of the ICR is comparable to a CCR diet for the reduction of triglycerides level in patients with HTG and in the short-term it appears to be more effective than continuous dieting in improving insulin resistance. However, longer-term studies are needed to confirm these findings. Trial registration Trial registration number:NCT04143971.

Modulation of oxidative phosphorylation machinery signifies a prime mode of anti-ageing mechanism of calorie restriction in male rat liver mitochondria

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diksha Dani ◽  
Isao Shimokawa ◽  
Toshimitsu Komatsu ◽  
Yoshikazu Higami ◽  
Uwe Warnken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria

scholarly journals Timing of Calorie Restriction in Mice Impacts Host Metabolic Phenotype with Correlative Changes in Gut Microbiota

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liying Zhang ◽  
Xinhe Xue ◽  
Rui Zhai ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Calorie restriction (CR) is accompanied by self-imposed daily restriction of food intake and an extended fasting period between meals. The impact of restricting feeding to the dark or light phase on the effects of CR remains elusive. Here, light-fed CR mice showed physiological changes, such as muscle loss, concomitant with changes in the gut microbiota structure and composition. After switching to ad libitum access to food, light-fed mice had a period of food-craving behavior and short-lived physiological changes, while dark-fed mice displayed lasting changes in fat accumulation, glucose metabolism, intestinal barrier function, and systemic inflammatory markers. Moreover, the gut microbiota was modulated by when the food was consumed, and the most abundant Lactobacillus operational taxonomic unit (OTU) promoted by CR was enhanced in dark-fed mice. After switching to ad libitum feeding, the gut microbiota of dark-fed mice returned to the state resembling that of mice fed normal chow ad libitum, but that of light-fed mice was still significantly different from the other two groups. Together, these data indicate that for CR, restricting food consumption to the active phase brought better metabolic phenotype associated with potentially beneficial structural shifts in the gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE Aberrant feeding patterns whereby people eat more frequently throughout the day and with a bias toward late-night eating are prevalent in society today. However, whether restriction of food to daytime in comparison to nighttime, coupled with restricted calorie intake, can influence gut microbiota, metabolism, and overall health requires further investigation. We surveyed the effects of the shift in feeding time on gut microbiota and metabolic phenotype in calorie-restricted mice and found that avoiding eating during the rest period may generate more beneficial effects in mice. This work strengthens the evidence for using “when to eat” as an intervention to improve health during calorie restriction.

scholarly journals The influence of dietary lipid composition on liver mitochondria from mice following 1 month of calorie restriction

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Chen ◽  
Kevork Hagopian ◽  
Douglas Bibus ◽  
José M. Villalba ◽  
Guillermo López-Lluch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proton Leak ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Fish Group

To investigate the role mitochondrial membrane lipids play in the actions of CR (calorie restriction), C57BL/6 mice were assigned to four groups (control and three 40% CR groups) and the CR groups were fed diets containing soya bean oil (also in the control diet), fish oil or lard. The fatty acid composition of the major mitochondrial phospholipid classes, proton leak and H2O2 production were measured in liver mitochondria following 1 month of CR. The results indicate that mitochondrial phospholipid fatty acids reflect the PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) profile of the dietary lipid sources. CR significantly decreased the capacity of ROS (reactive oxygen species) production by Complex III but did not markedly alter proton leak and ETC (electron transport chain) enzyme activities. Within the CR regimens, the CR-fish group had decreased ROS production by both Complexes I and III, and increased proton leak when compared with the other CR groups. The CR-lard group showed the lowest proton leak compared with the other CR groups. The ETC enzyme activity measurements in the CR regimens showed that Complex I activity was decreased in both the CR-fish and CR-lard groups. Moreover, the CR-fish group also had lower Complex II activity compared with the other CR groups. These results indicate that dietary lipid composition does influence liver mitochondrial phospholipid composition, ROS production, proton leak and ETC enzyme activities in CR animals.

scholarly journals A Review of the Impact of Calorie Restriction on Stem Cell Potency

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Marcello Mikhael Kadharusman ◽  
Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto ◽  
Novi Silvia Hardiany
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Regenerative Ability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Calorie restriction (CR) prolongs lifespan in various species and also minimises pathologies caused by aging. One of the characteristics seen in age-related pathologies is stem cell exhaustion. Here, we review the various impacts of CR on mammalian health mediated through stem cell potency in various tissues. This study comprised of a literature search through NCBI, Science Direct, Google Scholar and PubMed, focusing on the impact of CR on pluripotency. In the skeletal muscle, CR acts as an anti-inflammatory agent and increases the presence of satellite cells endogenously to improve regeneration, thus causing a metabolic shift to oxidation to meet oxygen demand. In the intestinal epithelium, CR suppresses the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling in Paneth cells to shift the stem cell equilibrium towards self-renewal at the cost of differentiation. In haematopoiesis, CR prevents deterioration or maintains the function of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) depending on the genetic variation of the mice. In skin and hair follicles, CR increases the thickness of the epidermis and hair growth and improves hair retention through stem cells. CR mediates the proliferation and self-renewal of stem cells in various tissues, thus increasing its regenerative ability.

Adolescent Obesity and Eating Disorders: Can Calorie Restriction have a Positive Impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443
Author(s):  
Naveen Visweswaraiah ◽  
Kousalya Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
The Impact

Background: The current obesogenic environment with relatively increased affordability and availability of high calorie food and beverages, has led to an alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity and related lifestyle disorders in children and adolescents, predisposing them to accelerated aging. The increased prevalence may be due to the eating behavior of adolescents, their genetic and molecular etiology and/or due to the impact of psychological stress and their wrong lifestyle choices. Calorie restriction has been extensively researched for reducing the obesity in adolescents and adults but is yet to be successfully implemented. Objective: The present review paper focuses on the types of calorie restriction diets, the role of its mimics and the nutrigenomic mechanisms that may be helpful in reducing obesity and related disorders in the adolescents. The role of behavioral therapeutic techniques and physical activity has also been highlighted in addition to the calorie restricted diet for bringing about an overall lifestyle modification in the management of obesity. Conclusion: Food preferences are acquired in childhood and sound nutritional practices should be established in childhood to prevent lifestyle disorders and premature aging. Though CR is a known and preferred non-pharmacological intervention in the management of obesity, its implemention has not been explored and evaluated extensively. This is a vital area that needs scientific research as the goals of obesity managements are no longer just weight loss through dietary restrictions. An interdisciplinary method to lifestyle modification in the management of adolescent obesity addressing all physiological and psychosocial aspects is recommended.

scholarly journals Betulin attenuated liver damage by prevention of hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in rats with alcoholic steatohepatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
V Buko ◽  
I Kuzmitskaya ◽  
S Kirko ◽  
E Belonovskaya ◽  
E Naruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

Betulin, a pentacyclic triterpene, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of liver mitochondria in hepatoprotection of betulin using a rat model of alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by ethanol administration (4 g/kg, intragastric) for 8 weeks. The treatment with betulin (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w., intragastric) during this period attenuated the histological signs of steatohepatitis and lowered the serum and liver triglyceride contents, as well as the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Betulin (100 mg/kg) decreased the liver/body weight ratio and inhibited the increase in the serum levels of TNFα, IL-1β, TGFβ, and hyaluronic acid, demonstrating hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic potential. Betulin also inhibited the formation of superoxide anions in mitochondria and the end-products of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue, the amount of which was significantly increased in ethanol-treated rats. The disturbances in mitochondrial respiration, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and decreasing of mitochondrial complex I, II, and IV activities in rats with steatohepatitis, were reverted by betulin administration. The increased susceptibility of mitochondria to Ca2+-induced permeability transition pore formation in the hepatitis group was improved in rats treated with betulin. In conclusion, betulin, having antioxidant properties, exerts a beneficial effect in the rat model of alcoholic steatohepatitis via prevention of liver mitochondria dysfunction, which may be attributed to the inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition.

Identifying the Genes and Genetic Interrelationships Underlying the Impact of Calorie Restriction on Maximum Lifespan: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Goertzel ◽  
Cassio Pennachin ◽  
Maurício de Alvarenga Mudado ◽  
Lúcio de Souza Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Maximum Lifespan ◽  
The Impact
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