scholarly journals The influence of dietary lipid composition on liver mitochondria from mice following 1 month of calorie restriction

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Chen ◽  
Kevork Hagopian ◽  
Douglas Bibus ◽  
José M. Villalba ◽  
Guillermo López-Lluch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proton Leak ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Fish Group

To investigate the role mitochondrial membrane lipids play in the actions of CR (calorie restriction), C57BL/6 mice were assigned to four groups (control and three 40% CR groups) and the CR groups were fed diets containing soya bean oil (also in the control diet), fish oil or lard. The fatty acid composition of the major mitochondrial phospholipid classes, proton leak and H2O2 production were measured in liver mitochondria following 1 month of CR. The results indicate that mitochondrial phospholipid fatty acids reflect the PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) profile of the dietary lipid sources. CR significantly decreased the capacity of ROS (reactive oxygen species) production by Complex III but did not markedly alter proton leak and ETC (electron transport chain) enzyme activities. Within the CR regimens, the CR-fish group had decreased ROS production by both Complexes I and III, and increased proton leak when compared with the other CR groups. The CR-lard group showed the lowest proton leak compared with the other CR groups. The ETC enzyme activity measurements in the CR regimens showed that Complex I activity was decreased in both the CR-fish and CR-lard groups. Moreover, the CR-fish group also had lower Complex II activity compared with the other CR groups. These results indicate that dietary lipid composition does influence liver mitochondrial phospholipid composition, ROS production, proton leak and ETC enzyme activities in CR animals.

scholarly journals The Influence of Dietary Lipid Composition on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria From Mice Following Eight Months of Calorie Restriction

2014 ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. CHEN ◽  
K. HAGOPIAN ◽  
D. BIBUS ◽  
J. M. VILLALBA ◽  
G. LÓPEZ-LLUCH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Complex Iii ◽  
Proton Leak ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria

Calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and retard aging in a variety of species. It has been proposed that alterations in membrane saturation are central to these actions of CR. As a step towards testing this theory, mice were assigned to 4 dietary groups (control and 3 CR groups) and fed AIN-93G diets at 95 % (control) or 60 % (CR) of ad libitum for 8 months. To manipulate membrane composition, the primary dietary fats for the CR groups were soybean oil (also used in the control diet), fish oil or lard. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial lipid composition, proton leak, and H2O2 production were measured. Phospholipid fatty acid composition in CR mice was altered in a manner that reflected the n-3 and n-6 fatty acid profiles of their respective dietary lipid sources. Dietary lipid composition did not alter proton leak kinetics between the CR groups. However, the capacity of mitochondrial complex III to produce ROS was decreased in the CR lard compared to the other CR groups. The results of this study indicate that dietary lipid composition can influence ROS production in muscle mitochondria of CR mice. It remains to be determined if lard or other dietary oils can maximize the CR-induced decreases in ROS production.

Effects of short- and medium-term calorie restriction on muscle mitochondrial proton leak and reactive oxygen species production

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (5) ◽  
pp. E852-E861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Bevilacqua ◽  
Jon J. Ramsey ◽  
Kevork Hagopian ◽  
Richard Weindruch ◽  
Mary-Ellen Harper
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Proton Leak ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Time Points

Reductions in cellular oxygen consumption (V̇o2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production have been proposed as mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects of calorie restriction (CR). Mitochondria are a cell's greatest “sink” for oxygen and also its primary source of ROS. The mitochondrial proton leak pathway is responsible for 20–30% of V̇o2 in resting cells. We hypothesized that CR leads to decreased proton leak with consequential decreases in V̇o2, ROS production, and cellular damage. Here, we report the effects of short-term (2-wk, 2-mo) and medium-term (6-mo) CR (40%) on rat muscle mitochondrial proton leak, ROS production, and whole animal V̇o2. Whole body V̇o2 decreased with CR at all time points, whereas mass-adjusted V̇o2 was normal until the 6-mo time point, when it was 40% lower in CR compared with control rats. At all time points, maximal leak-dependent V̇o2 was lower in CR rats compared with controls. Proton leak kinetics indicated that mechanisms of adaptation to CR were different between short- and medium-term treatments, with the former leading to decreases in protonmotive force (Δp) and state 4 V̇o2 and the latter to increases in Δp and decreases in state 4 V̇o2. Results from metabolic control analyses of oxidative phosphorylation are consistent with the idea that short- and medium-term responses are distinct. Mitochondrial H2O2 production was lower in all three CR groups compared with controls. Overall, this study details the rapid effects of short- and medium-term CR on proton leak, ROS production, and metabolic control of oxidative phosphorylation. Results indicate that a reduction in mitochondrial V̇o2 and ROS production may be a mechanism for the actions of CR.

A Quantitative Evaluation of the Lipid Composition of Leaves of Aleurites montana as a Consequence of Growth under 0.3 ppm SO2 in the Atmosphere

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
P. He ◽  
A. Radunz ◽  
K. P. Bader ◽  
G. H. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Thylakoid Membrane ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Gassing during 14 days of Aleurites plants with 0.3 ppm SO2 leads to quantitative modifications of the lipid composition of leaves. The ratio of phospholipids to glycolipids is shifted from 1:3 in control plants to 1:1.8 in SO2-plants. Glycolipids decrease from 62% of total lipids in control plants to 50% in SO2-plants. On the other hand phospholipids increase from 20% in control plants to 28% of total lipids in SO2-plants. This implies that not only the thylakoid membrane but also the mitochondrial membranes and cell membranes of tonoplasts and of the plasmalemma suffer modifications under the influence of SO2. With respect to the fatty acid composition, despite the drastic change in the lipid composition no alteration in comparison to control plants is seen. Chlorophylls increase in SO2-plants by 24% . Also the content of β-carotene, and of the xanthophylls lutein, violaxanthin and neoxanthin is increased. Only zeaxanthin exhibits a decrease. From the changes in the chlorophyll and carotenoid content it can be concluded that in SO2-plants the light-harvesting-complex (LHCP) is stronger developed (P. He, A. Radunz, K. P. Bader and G. H. Schmid, Z. f. Naturforsch. 51c, 441- 453 and 833-840, 1996).

scholarly journals Effects of dietary lipid level on growth, fatty acid profiles, antioxidant capacity and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in juvenile swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Sun ◽  
Min Jin ◽  
Lefei Jiao ◽  
Óscar Monroig ◽  
Juan Carlos Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Swimming Crab ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Dietary Lipid Level

AbstractThe regulation of lipogenesis and lipolysis mechanisms related to consumption of lipid has not been studied in swimming crab. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth, enzymes activities and expression of genes of lipid metabolism in hepatopancreas of juvenile swimming crab. Three isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain crude lipid levels at 5·8, 9·9 and 15·1 %. Crabs fed the diet containing 15·1 % lipid had significantly lower growth performance and feed utilisation than those fed the 5·8 and 9·9 % lipid diets. Crabs fed 5·8 % lipid had lower malondialdehyde concentrations in the haemolymph and hepatopancreas than those fed the other diets. Highest glutathione peroxidase in haemolymph and superoxide dismutase in hepatopancreas were observed in crabs fed 5·8 % lipid. The lowest fatty acid synthase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in hepatopancreas were observed in crabs fed 15·1 % lipid, whereas crabs fed 5·8 % lipid had lower carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 activity than those fed the other diets. Crabs fed 15·1 % lipid showed lower hepatopancreas expression of genes involved in long-chain-PUFA biosynthesis, lipoprotein clearance, fatty acid uptake, fatty acid oxidation, lipid anabolism and lipid catabolism than those fed the other diets, whereas expression of some genes of lipoprotein assembly and fatty acid oxidation was up-regulated compared with crabs fed 5·8 % lipid. Overall, high dietary lipid level can inhibit growth, reduce antioxidant enzyme activities and influence lipid metabolic pathways to regulate lipid deposition in crab.

scholarly journals Long-term calorie restriction reduces proton leak and hydrogen peroxide production in liver mitochondria

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (4) ◽  
pp. E674-E684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevork Hagopian ◽  
Mary-Ellen Harper ◽  
Jesmon J. Ram ◽  
Stephen J. Humble ◽  
Richard Weindruch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Proton Leak ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition increases maximal life span in diverse species. It has been proposed that reduction in energy expenditure and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production could be a mechanism for life span extension with CR. As a step toward testing this theory, mitochondrial proton leak, H2O2 production, and markers of oxidative stress were measured in liver from FBNF1 rats fed control or 40% CR diets for 12 or 18 mo. CR was initiated at 6 mo of age. Proton leak kinetics curves, generated from simultaneous measures of oxygen consumption and membrane potential, indicated a decrease in proton leak after 18 mo of CR, while only a trend toward a proton leak decrease was observed after 12 mo. Significant shifts in phosphorylation and substrate oxidation curves also occurred with CR; however, these changes occurred in concert with the proton leak changes. Metabolic control analysis indicated no difference in the overall pattern of control of the oxidative phosphorylation system between control and CR animals. At 12 mo, no significant differences were observed between groups for H2O2 production or markers of oxidative stress. However, at 18 mo, protein carbonyl content was lower in CR animals, as was H2O2 production when mitochondria were respiring on either succinate alone or pyruvate plus malate in the presence of rotenone. These results indicate that long-term CR lowers mitochondrial proton leak and H2O2 production, and this is consistent with the idea that CR may act by decreasing energy expenditure and ROS production.

A study of the effects of diet composition, within the bounds of normal diversity, on the characteristics of backfat lipid in pigs

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pearce ◽  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

SUMMARYThe experiment described was carried out to compare the effects of some combinations of dietary ingredients which were within the bounds of current commercial use but which differed in their lipid characteristics.The four dietary treatments used were either low or high in lipid content with a high or low proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in that lipid. Fourteen pigs (seven gilts and seven barrows) were assigned at random to each dietary treatment. The major dietary constituents were barley × wheat × dried skim milk (treatment 1), barley × wheat × soyabean meal (treatment 2), barley + wheat + dried skim milk × tallow (treatment 3) and barley × wheat × maize × fish meal (treatment 4).Production performances were satisfactory on treatments 1, 3 and 4. The pigs on treatment 2 ate less food, grew more slowly, had poorer feed conversion ratios and fatter carcasses than the animals on the other treatments; the reason for the poor performance on this diet is not clear.Comparison of the fatty acid compositions of the backfat triglycerides and the dietary lipid shows that the dietary lipid had little effect on the backfat lipid characteristics; only in the case of linoleic acid was there a dietary-induced effect on the amount of this fatty acid in the backfat triglycerides of pigs on treatment 4.Treatment 4 which produced the backfat with the greatest linoleic acid content also produced the softest backfat. The subjective fat scores of the carcasses of pigs fed the other diets were not related to the fatty acid compositions of the backfat triglycerides or the monoene/saturated fatty acid ratio.These results are discussed in relation to the effects of diet and triglyceride structure on pig backfat lipid characteristics.

Dietary lipid composition affects blood leucocyte fatty acid compositions and plasma eicosanoid concentrations in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Aquaculture ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 179 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 335-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce M Farndale ◽  
J.Gordon Bell ◽  
Michael P Bruce ◽  
Niall R Bromage ◽  
Ferdinand Oyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions
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