Discovery and recognition of scientific values of forty-nine large scale ancient underground engineering in Zhejiang Province

2015 ◽  
pp. 321-334
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Underground Engineering

Economic analysis of a hypothetical bamboo-biochar plant in Zhejiang province, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1220-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Fang Liang ◽  
Wanhe Hu ◽  
Xiaomeng Yang ◽  
Hongzhong Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Forestry Industry

Significant quantities of bamboo waste are generated in Zhejiang province, China. Many small businesses in this area convert this waste to biochar for use as a cooking fuel (in residential barbecues). This case study was conducted to evaluate the potential economic benefits of building and operating an industrial-sized plant in this province, yielding 500 tonnes per year. The researchers developed a conceptual design for a hypothetical biochar plant and then calculated net present value (NPV), investment payback period (PBP), internal rate of return (IRR), and sensitivity analysis. Results show that the static investment PBP would be 2.58 years, the IRR would be 38.8%, and the NPV would be US$ 486,700. The IRR would be higher than the forestry industry benchmark (11%), indicating that a production line of bamboo-biochar with the stated yield not only could generate higher profits, but also could achieve a better return on investment. Thus, this study indicates that there are good market prospects for the bamboo-biochar industry in this region. The influence of sales prices on the IRR was more than that of operational costs, indicating that a large-scale plant should be designed to produce a high-quality bamboo-biochar. Supply chain issues such as transportation distances between locations where bamboo wastes are generated and the biochar plant should be considered in advance when siting new bamboo-biochar plants. The results from this research provide guidance to those considering development of bamboo-biochar plants in other parts of China.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Extreme Weather Impact on Precipitable Water Vapor and Vegetation Growth—A Case Study in Zhejiang China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3576
Author(s):  
Si Xiong ◽  
Fei Guo ◽  
Qingzhi Zhao ◽  
Liangke Huang ◽  
Lin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Precipitable Water Vapor ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Extreme Climate

Zhejiang province in China experienced an extreme climate phenomenon in August 2014 with temperature rises, sunshine duration decreases, and precipitation increases, particularly, the successive heavy rainfall events occurring from 16 to 20 August 2014 that contributed to this climate anomaly. This study investigates the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of precipitable water vapor (PWV) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) associated with this phenomenon. Multiple sources of PWV values derived from the Global Positioning System (GPS), Radiosonde (RS) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim data are used with different spatiotemporal resolutions. The monthly averaged PWV in August 2014 exceeded the 95% percentiles of climatological value (53 mm) while the monthly averaged temperature was less than the 5% percentiles of climatological value (26.6 °C). Before the extreme precipitation, the PWV increased from the yearly averaged value of about 35 mm to more than 60 mm and gradually returned to the August climatological average of 50 mm after the precipitation ended. A large-scale atmospheric water vapor was partially conveyed by the warm wet air current of anticyclones which originated over the South China Sea (25° N, 130° E) and the Western Pacific Ocean. The monthly NDVI variation over the past 34 years (1982–2015) was investigated in this paper and the significant impact of extreme climate on vegetation growth in August 2014 was found. The extreme negative temperature anomaly and positive PWV anomaly are the major climate-driven factors affecting vegetation growth in the north and south of Zhejiang province with correlation coefficients of 0.83 and 0.72, respectively, while the extreme precipitation does not show any apparent impact on NDVI.

scholarly journals The Influence of Nontimber Forest Products Development on the Economic–Ecological Coordination—Evidence from Lin’an District, Zhejiang Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Guiyan Ao ◽  
Qianqian Xu ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Lichun Xiong ◽  
Fengting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Nontimber Forest Products ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Ecological Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy Guidance

The influence of the nontimber forest products (NTFPs) on the coordinated economic and ecological development has received considerable attention, where the results are mixed. This study took Lin’an District in Zhejiang Province of China as an example for analysis. Using long-term (more than 40 years) data, system coupling and autoregressive distributed lag models were combined to analyze the effect of NTFP development on coordinated economic–ecological development. The results show that large-scale commercial NTFP development positively affected coordinated economic–ecological development, and a long-term stable equilibrium relationship between them existed. The degree of regional economic–ecological coupling increased from 0.05 in 1978 to 0.98 in 2019, and both area and value of NTFP had a significant effect on the coupling degree at the 5% level. These findings indicate that NTFP development is an effective method to promote the coordinated development of the economy and ecological environment especially in mountain areas, and the government should encourage NTFP development by ecological management, strengthening policy guidance, and providing technological innovation support, etc.

scholarly journals Scientific Site Selection of Ancient Large-scale Underground Quarries from Engineering Geology: A Case of Shepan Island in Sanmen, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 720-726
Author(s):  
Guangxiang Yuan ◽  
Jianyong Li ◽  
Zhiquan Huang ◽  
Zhifa Yang
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Engineering Geology ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Engineering Geological Condition ◽  
Clastic Rock ◽  
Selection Of

There are many ancient underground quarries in Zhejiang Province, China. Many caverns of them maintained steady more than 1000 years. Certain engineering geological condition is very important for long-term stability. In this paper, ancient underground quarries in Shepan Island are presented as a case. Shepan Island ancient large-scale underground quarry caverns are located in Sanmen County, Zhejiang Province. These caverns were excavated more than 800 years ago and at least 1300 of them are reserved until now. Shepan Island is a hill which uplifts the continental shelf extending to the gulf. There are no large regional fractures through caverns area, which indicates that it belongs to earthquake stability region. The caverns were excavated in thick volcanic clastic rock formed in the upper Jurassic, with NW and NE faults and NW joints. Based on the study of rock weathering, physical and mechanical tests of rock samples, and inverse analysis of structural plane, the huge thick volcano clastic rock can be classified as block structure. In addition, groundwater which affects the stability of caverns was analyzed based on the investigations of hydrogeological conditions. Site selection of ancient large-scale underground quarries is query scientific from modern engineering geology point of view.

scholarly journals Sustainable Development Based on Green GDP Accounting and Cloud Computing: A Case Study of Zhejiang Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shanzhong Qi ◽  
Zhilei Huang ◽  
Lina Ji
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Green Gdp ◽  
Secondary Industry

Cloud computing is a supercomputing that integrates large-scale and scalable computing, storage, data, applications, and other distributed computing resources for collaborative work in the form of virtualization technology as the basis and the network as the carrier to provide infrastructure, platform, software, and other service’s model. Green GDP (GGDP) is an assessment indicator for regional sustainable development. Hence, the evaluation index on GGDP and greening of the national economic accounting system (SNA) are the hotspots of current ecological and economic studies. In the recent years, Zhejiang’s economy has achieved rapid development, and there are also problems of high input and high consumption of natural resources, thereby restricting its sustainable development. Based on the statistical data of Zhejiang Province during 2000–2017, the GGDP within the sustainable development context is calculated using the system of integrated environmental and economic accounting (SEEA). The results indicated the following: (1) The GGDP accounted for 79.29%–96.78% of Zhejiang's GDP during the study period, which showed volatility upward trend, resulting from the significant environmental protection and conservation of natural resources in the study area. But economic development was heavily dependent on resources, and the local government still strengthened the work of improving resources and environment. (2) The proportion of secondary industry in Zhejiang Province fluctuated downwards during the period of 2000–2017, and the tertiary industry showed a volatility upward trend, which exceeded the proportion of the secondary industry, indicating that Zhejiang Province is from an industry-led economy to a service-oriented economy change. (3) The GGDP of Zhejiang Province accounted for the highest proportion of GDP in 2008, resulting from the result of a combination of relevant national policies and international competitions.

The Economic Burden of Alzheimer’s Disease in Zhejiang Province

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Enyan Yu ◽  
Zhengluan Liao ◽  
Weixing Fan ◽  
Weiming Hu ◽  
Guoqiang Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Per Capita

Background: The World Alzheimer Report has described and predicted the economic burden of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients in detail for four consecutive years. There was a large-scale national survey in China launched by Professor Jianping Jia in 2015, but it did not adequately represent the average economic burden of AD patients in Zhejiang Province. Objective: To investigate the economic burden and main factors influencing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Zhejiang Province. Methods: We recruited 830 patients from 10 cities in Zhejiang Province, evaluated their per capita and total cost related to AD treatment and care in 2017, and analyzed the main factors affecting economic burden from the perspective of demographic characteristics and disease severity. Results: In 2017, per capita cost of AD was 114,343.7 yuan, while the total cost was 27.53 billion yuan, accounting for 0.77% of Zhejiang Province’s GDP (5176.8 billion yuan). Total cost, direct medical cost, and indirect cost have different correlations with age, education level, type of work, marital status, comorbidity, and disease severity. Conclusion: The economic burden of AD in Zhejiang Province is heavy, similar to the national burden, and interventions based on demographic characteristics and disease severity can help reduce it.

scholarly journals Telecoupling urbanization and mountainous deforestation between 2000 and 2020: Evidence from Zhejiang Province, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Xiong ◽  
Ruishan Chen ◽  
Li An ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Zilong Xia
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Transition Theory ◽  
Forest Transition ◽  
Forest Transition Theory

Forest transition theory posits that socioeconomic development in a country or region may cause its forestland to shift from net loss to net gain. However, forest transition may also occur under various policies, resulting in forest gains in some regions but deforestation in other regions. We used the telecoupling framework to address this crucially important issue that has rarely been examined. Using time series satellite images and statistical yearbook data from 2000 to 2020, this study seeks to understand land use change patterns, the corresponding regional spillover effects, and driving forces behind such patterns in Zhejiang Province, China. The results show that large-scale continuous deforestation has taken place since 2000, causing a total loss of forestland by 186,014 ha. In parallel with this forest loss and a slight decrease in arable land, urban construction land has soared by 169.45%. We found that developed municipalities such as Hangzhou witnessed increases in urban land at the expense of large-scale deforestation in underdeveloped municipalities such as Lishui. We believe that this cross-region land change pattern may arise from the Balance of Arable Land System (BALS) policy that seeks to achieve a goal of no net loss of cropland. Whatever land use policy—such as the BALS policy—must strike a good balance between competitive land uses that have different objectives such as residents’ living, ecology, and production. In addition to enriching the forest transition theory, this study provides a solid basis for future land use decisions in developing regions or countries.

scholarly journals Constructing 3D geological models based on large-scale geological maps

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 851-866
Author(s):  
Xuechao Wu ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Zhengping Weng ◽  
Yiping Tian ◽  
Zhiting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Underground Engineering ◽  
3D Geological Modeling ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Geological Models ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Spatial Geometry ◽  
Shallow Strata ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract The construction of 3D geological models based on geological maps is a subject worthy of study. The construction of geological interfaces is the key process of 3D geological modeling. It is hard to build the bottom interfaces of quaternary strata only using boundaries in large-scale geological maps. Moreover, it is impossible to construct bedrock geological interfaces through sparse occurrence data in large-scale geological maps. To address the above-mentioned two difficulties, we integrated two key algorithms into a new 3D modeling workflow. The buffer algorithm was used to construct virtual thickness contours of quaternary strata. The Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) algorithm was applied to occurrence interpolation. Using a regional geological map of a city in southern China, the effectiveness of our workflow was verified. The complex spatial geometry of quaternary bottom interfaces was described in detail through boundaries buffer. The extension trends of bedrock geological interfaces were reasonably constraint by occurrence interpolation. The 3D geological model constructed by our workflow accords with the semantic relationship of tectonics. Through the model, the complex spatial structure of urban shallow strata can be displayed stereoscopically. It can provide auxiliary basis for decision-making of urban underground engineering.

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