Alternate Sources of Tattoos and Tattoo Inks

Assessment of cytotoxicity and sensitization potential of intradermally injected tattoo inks in reconstructed human skin

Contact Dermatitis ◽

10.1111/cod.13908 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joey J.J.P. Karregat ◽

Thomas Rustemeyer ◽

Sebastiaan A.S. Bent ◽

Sander W. Spiekstra ◽

Maria Thon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Tattoo Inks ◽

Reconstructed Human Skin

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Tattoo ink nanoparticles in skin tissue and fibroblasts

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.3762/bjnano.6.120 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 1183-1191 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Colin A Grant ◽

Peter C Twigg ◽

Richard Baker ◽

Desmond J Tobin

Keyword(s):

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Collagen Fibril ◽

Chemical Activity ◽

The West ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

The World ◽

The Subject ◽

Tattoo Inks

Tattooing has long been practised in various societies all around the world and is becoming increasingly common and widespread in the West. Tattoo ink suspensions unquestionably contain pigments composed of nanoparticles, i.e., particles of sub-100 nm dimensions. It is widely acknowledged that nanoparticles have higher levels of chemical activity than their larger particle equivalents. However, assessment of the toxicity of tattoo inks has been the subject of little research and ink manufacturers are not obliged to disclose the exact composition of their products. This study examines tattoo ink particles in two fundamental skin components at the nanometre level. We use atomic force microscopy and light microscopy to examine cryosections of tattooed skin, exploring the collagen fibril networks in the dermis that contain ink nanoparticles. Further, we culture fibroblasts in diluted tattoo ink to explore both the immediate impact of ink pigment on cell viability and also to observe the interaction between particles and the cells.

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Tattoo inks contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that additionally generate deleterious singlet oxygen

Experimental Dermatology ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01068.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. e275-e281 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Johannes Regensburger ◽

Karin Lehner ◽

Tim Maisch ◽

Rudolf Vasold ◽

Francesco Santarelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Singlet Oxygen ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Tattoo Inks

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Tattoo inks: Characterization and in vivo and in vitro toxicological evaluation

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 364 ◽

pp. 548-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Miriam Arl ◽

Diego José Nogueira ◽

Jéssica Schveitzer Köerich ◽

Naiara Mottim Justino ◽

Denice Schulz Vicentini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxicological Evaluation ◽

Tattoo Inks

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Part 2—The Chemical Analysis of Modern Tattoo Inks: Spectroscopy

Forensic Analysis of Tattoos and Tattoo Inks ◽

10.1201/b18938-14 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 256-323

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Tattoo Inks

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Increasing student motivation and the perception of chemistry's relevance in the classroom by learning about tattooing from a chemical and societal view

Chemistry Education Research and Practice ◽

10.1039/c3rp00146f ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 156-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Marc Stuckey ◽

Ingo Eilks

Keyword(s):

Science Education ◽

Chemistry Education ◽

Lesson Plan ◽

Background Information ◽

Participatory Action ◽

Chemistry Teaching ◽

Secondary Chemistry ◽

Chemistry Learning ◽

Tattoo Inks ◽

Selection Of

This paper presents a study on tattooing as a topic for chemistry education. The selection of the topic was inspired by a newly suggested framework, which focuses on the question of relevance of science education. The aim of this case was to get evidence on how topics selected based on the suggested model of relevance of science education affect learners' overall motivation and perception of chemistry learning. For the purpose of the study a lesson plan was cyclically developed and tested within a project of Participatory Action Research. The lesson plan focuses both the chemistry behind tattoo inks and the societal perspectives surrounding tattoos. The study description first includes some background information about tattooing and tattoo inks. It then continues with a description of the lesson plan and ends with reporting experiences and findings taken from lesson plan evaluations at the lower secondary chemistry teaching level (age 14–15). The topic and lesson plan proved themselves to be very motivating for students. Indicators that this lesson plan can potentially contribute to positive changes in students' perceptions of learning chemistry were observed. Implications arising from this case are also discussed.

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