Cerebral palsy, cerebellar ataxia, AIDS, phacomatosis, neuromuscular disorders, and epilepsy

2015 ◽  
pp. 311-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Kobylecki ◽  
Ling K. Lee ◽  
Mark W. Kellett
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Cerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders

scholarly journals Muscle contracture and passive mechanics in cerebral palsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 1492-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Lieber ◽  
Jan Fridén
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Muscle Satellite Cells ◽  
Cord Injury

Skeletal muscle contractures represent the permanent shortening of a muscle-tendon unit, resulting in loss of elasticity and, in extreme cases, joint deformation. They may result from cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, stroke, muscular dystrophy, and other neuromuscular disorders. Contractures are the prototypic and most severe clinical presentation of increased passive mechanical muscle force in humans, often requiring surgical correction. Intraoperative experiments demonstrate that high muscle passive force is associated with sarcomeres that are abnormally stretched, although otherwise normal, with fewer sarcomeres in series. Furthermore, changes in the amount and arrangement of collagen in the extracellular matrix also increase muscle stiffness. Structural light and electron microscopy studies demonstrate that large bundles of collagen, referred to as perimysial cables, may be responsible for this increased stiffness and are regulated by interaction of a number of cell types within the extracellular matrix. Loss of muscle satellite cells may be related to changes in both sarcomeres and extracellular matrix. Future studies are required to determine the underlying mechanism for changes in muscle satellite cells and their relationship (if any) to contracture. A more complete understanding of this mechanism may lead to effective nonsurgical treatments to relieve and even prevent muscle contractures.

scholarly journals Investigation of feeding problems in children with cerebral palsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-48
Author(s):  
Farhad Sakhaei ◽  
Golnoosh Golmohamadi ◽  
Mohamad Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Feeding Skills

Introduction: Eating and swallowing are important for child health and play an essential role in her/his physical, social, emotional and cultural development. In children with cerebral palsy because of neuromuscular disorders, there is high prevalence of feeding and swallowing disorders. Early diagnosis, prevention and management of feeding problems are important process. In this study, feeding problems in different types of cerebral palsy were investigated. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 60 children with cerebral palsy that referred to clinical centers were selected using random sampling. Feeding and swallowing skills of these children were investigated with using of Pediatric assessment scale for severe feeding problems. Results: Findings indicated that children with spastic and flaccid cerebral palsy have feeding problems with similar severity. Also children with athetoid cerebral palsy showed lowest severity of feeding problems. Conclusion: Swallowing performance and proper feeding skills plays an important role in children's development. Given the high prevalence of feeding problems in children with cerebral palsy, early diagnosis and intervention should be done to prevent of secondary problems. Keywords: cerebral palsy, feeding skills, swallowing

scholarly journals A novel instrumented outsole for real-time foot kinematics measurement: validation across different speeds and simulated foot landing in Cerebral Palsy gait

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishabh Bajpai ◽  
Ashutosh Tiwari ◽  
Anant Jain ◽  
Deepak Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Walking Pattern ◽  
Foot Biomechanics ◽  
Measurement Validation

<pre>Neuromuscular disorders in Cerebral Palsy (CP) patients lead to foot deformities and affect foot biomechanics leading to compromised gait. Thus, measurement of the foot kinematic measurement is of particular interest to understand and characterize the walking pattern among CP patients. The objective of the present work is to develop a wearable instrument to measure foot kinematics such as foot-to-ground angle in three-dimensional planes and to measure the foot clearance i.e., toe and heel clearances. A template-based outsole was developed that incorporated an optical distance sensor located anatomically on the outsole and the magnetometer to measure the foot kinematics. The developed system was validated against the reference marker-based motion capture system (from Noraxon). The data from eight able-bodied participants were acquired simultaneously from both the systems (developed and the reference system) at three different walking speeds. A CoP based feedback was presented to the participants to shift the sagittal CoP anteriorly, posteriorly and normal to simulate the walking pattern of CP patients with three different foot landing strategies. Pearson's correlation coefficient of more than or equal to 0.62, root mean square error of less than or equal to 7.81 degrees and limit of agreement of more than or equal to 95% is found. Furthermore, a wireless wristband is developed and validated for real-time vibrotactile feedback. The measurement accuracy reported with outsole while participants simulated CP gait shows the potential of present work in real-time foot kinematics detection in CP patients. The instrumentation is wearable, low-cost, easy to use and implement.</pre>

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Three Oral Health Education Interventions in Maintaining Oral Hygiene of Cerebral Palsy Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Ishita Chandarana ◽  
Pratik B. Kariya ◽  
Sweta Singh ◽  
Adrija Buch
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
P Value ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Oral Health Education ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Cerebral palsy [CP] is a group of neuromuscular disorders which affects the development of movement and posture, limiting normal functional activity. Thus, it is presumed to establish an early contact with CP children to diagnose oral diseases and to introduce certain preventive home care measures to maintain good oral health. This study was conducted to check the effectiveness of three different oral health education modalities among cerebral palsy patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional interventional study was conducted among 60 Cerebral Palsy children aged 8 to 15 years from the selected residential schools for neurodevelopmental disabilities of Vadodara. Participants from a particular school were divided randomly into 3 groups based on different oral health education modalities. Group A: These children and their caretaker were given normal verbal instruction on how to brush their teeth by Fone’s technique on a one-to-one basis. Group B: These children and their caretaker were given a tooth brushing demonstration on a tooth model. Group C: These children and their caretaker were shown an audiovisual clip showing how to brush. The oral hygiene practice was reinforced every visit. OHI-S index was recorded on the day of the demonstration, 7 days and 14 days by the principal investigator, and analyzed. Results: The audio-visual method group showed a marked reduction in the OHI-S score measured from baseline to day 14 when compared to the verbal and model group that is 1.76±0.96 when compared to other two groups that are group A with OHI-S score 2.36±0.96 and GROUP B with OHI-S score 2.51±0.87.  The confidence of the interval was -CI=0.044-1.470. The results were the statistically significant result. (p value<0.035)Also, Group C showed a significant reduction in the DI scores as compared to the other two groups. Conclusion: The audiovisual method with brushing video can be effectively used to maintain the good oral hygiene and gingival health of children with Cerebral Palsy. The audiovisual method helps to overcome their motor difficulties and their limited ability to perform dental plaque control.

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