NATIVE SPECIES OF CLOVER AND TIMOTHY-GRASS IN MOUNTAIN PHYTOCENOSIS: APPLICATION IN SELECTION FOR THE CREATION OF ECONOMIC VALUABLE FORMS

2014 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Timothy Grass ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Creation

Distribution of crassulacean acid metabolism in orchids of Panama: evidence of selection for weak and strong modes

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Silvera ◽  
Louis S. Santiago ◽  
Klaus Winter
Keyword(s):  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Cam Photosynthesis ◽  
Nocturnal Acid Accumulation

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is one of three metabolic pathways found in vascular plants for the assimilation of carbon dioxide. In this study, we investigate the occurrence of CAM photosynthesis in 200 native orchid species from Panama and 14 non-native species by carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) and compare these values with nocturnal acid accumulation measured by titration in 173 species. Foliar δ13C showed a bimodal distribution with the majority of species exhibiting values of approximately –28‰ (typically associated with the C3 pathway), or –15‰ (strong CAM). Although thick leaves were related to δ13C values in the CAM range, some thin-leaved orchids were capable of CAM photosynthesis, as demonstrated by acid titration. We also found species with C3 isotopic values and significant acid accumulation at night. Of 128 species with δ13C more negative than –22‰, 42 species showed nocturnal acid accumulation per unit fresh mass characteristic of weakly expressed CAM. These data suggest that among CAM orchids, there may be preferential selection for species to exhibit strong CAM or weak CAM, rather than intermediate metabolism.

scholarly journals New columnar apple hybrdids of VNIISPK breeding

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Svetlana Aleksandrovna Korneyeva ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevich Sedov ◽  
Tatiana Vladimirovna Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Diploid Gamete ◽  
Scab Immunity ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Genotype A

Within the framework of updating import substitution in agriculture, the issue of creating adaptive, competitive and suitable for intensive gardening apple cultivars is acute. VNIISPK conducts selection for the creation of columnar apple cultivars that meet the requirements of modern market. As a result of purposeful crosses of columnar cultivars of scab immunity donors and diploid gamete donors, a series of hybrids was obtained. 9 analyzed families have 595 seedlings, of which 299 have columnar habitus (50.3%). Among columnar seedlings, 38 seedlings are diploid (2x) and have immunity to scab (Vf), 47 seedlings are triploids (3x), but have only field resistance to scab, 98 seedlings combine in their genotype a triple set of chromosomes and immunity to scab (Vf).  Preliminary data on the study of economically valuable features of columnar seedlings by employees of the Apple breeding laboratory of VNIISPK were allocated to select forms of 8 hybrids: from families [Vostorg x 25-37-45 (4x) (Orlovskaya Girlyanda x Wealthy tetraploid - 3 seedlings, [Poezia x 30-47-88 (4x) (Liberty x 13-6-106 (S. Suvorovetz)]- 4 seedlings, [(22-26-124 (Wealthy x OR38T17) x Poezia] - 1 seedling.

Efficiency of selection–biotechnological system of selection for creation of breeding source material of sunflower resistant to herbicides and broomrape

Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Babych ◽  
Mykola Kuchuk ◽  
Yaroslava Sharipina ◽  
Miroslav Parii ◽  
Yaroslav Parii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

Abstract The sunflower is a strategically important oil crop. Every year the area under this crop grows, and the rapid returning of sunflowers back to the fields provokes the formation of new more aggressive races of broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.). Broomrape is a parasite that interferes with the normal development of sunflower and can lead to significant crop losses. For creating a sunflower hybrid (F1) it is needed to cross the parental components, which have a complex of important traits, among which there is a resistance to the herbicides and a broomrape. Considering that the creation of each of the components of the hybrid involves many years of painstaking work in the breeding process, modern approaches and methods are used to accelerate the creation of a new source material. Thus, using the technology of cultivating immature embryos in vitro culture, it is possible to reduce the time to create lines resistant to herbicides, for example. And during selection for resistance to pathogenic organisms, testing is most often used against an artificial infectious background, both in the field and in laboratory conditions, in order to differentiate the material on this basis. The aim of this work was to establish the effectiveness system when creating an initial breeding material resistant to herbicides and broomrape. As a result of testing the lines on an artificial infectious background, was identified plants which have high resistance to the G-race broomrape and were isolated from hybrid combinations resistant to tribenuron-methyl and imidazolinones. Thus, among the analyzed plants which are resistant to tribenuron‐methyl, four lines were isolated, which are highly resistant to the G-race broomrape from a hybrid combinations BH0118/SURES–2 (101/1, 101/4, 101/6, 101/7), and BH0318/SURES–2 (101/21, 101/24, 101/28, 101/30), and five lines (101/11, 101/12, 101/16, 101/17, 101/18) from a hybrid combination BH0218/SURES–2. Among imidazolinone-resistant sunflower lines – line 3 was isolated as highly resistant to the G-race broomrape.

Checklist of gobies (Teleostei: Gobiidae) of the Mediterranean Sea and a key for species identification

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4877 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-101
Author(s):  
MARCELO KOVAČIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Mediterranean

A checklist of 73 gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) recorded to date from the Mediterranean Sea is established following the evidence approach for checklists. The Mediterranean gobiofauna currently has 62 known native species and 11 alien species. An identification key to gobiid species known from the area is provided. The principles of character selection for the key are discussed. 

scholarly journals The attitudes of students to family and children: comparison of data for 2013 and 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00109
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Sivrikova ◽  
Elena Kharlanova ◽  
Nadezhda Sokolova ◽  
Viktoria Vasilyeva ◽  
Svetlana Roslyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Family Values ◽  
The Family ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Parental Family ◽  
The Relationship

The research into students' family values and attitudes is presented in the article. The authors compare the results of the polls which were taking place in 2013 and 2019 in Chelyabinsk. The general selection for the research was 174 persons (17-23-year-olds). 91 students (in 2013) and 83 students (in 2019) participated in the questionnaire. The results of the research have confirmed the tendencies to a decrease in the importance of the family as values found earlier among young people in Russia. It has been established that marriage as students view it is becoming freer from obligations, but it assumes reproduction in the form of the birth of children. The attitudes to the creation of their own family with two children in the long-term remain among students. Modern students want to build the relationship with the spouse as equals and to share obligations for children's upbringing between the husband and the wife. They consider that the age of 20 – 30 is an optimum one for marriage and becoming a parent. The results of the research allow predicting the whole complex of demographic problems whose reasons are the decrease in the importance of the family; the decrease in the orientation to the parental family as a role model; the acceptance and approval of civil marriages.

scholarly journals Urban human-wildlife conflict: North Island kākā (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis) in Wellington City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kerry E. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Sap Feeding ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

<p>Human-wildlife conflict is common wherever humans and wildlife coexist and is a growing problem in urban landscapes. Successfully mitigating conflict with wildlife requires an understanding of the ecological and social dimensions of the problem. In Wellington City, New Zealand, a human-wildlife conflict is beginning to emerge with North Island kākā (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis: Nestoridae), a threatened endemic parrot that was reintroduced to the city in 2002. Kākā damage property but especially damage tree bark while foraging for sap. In this thesis, I investigate the conflict with kākā using ecological, behavioural and social science approaches to understand the problem and recommend ways to mitigate the growing conflict with kākā.  To investigate tree selection for sap foraging by kākā, I sampled the characteristics, microhabitat and distribution (independent variables) of 282 trees at 15 sites across public greenspaces in Wellington City, and used model averaging to determine the relative influence of independent variables on the binary dependant variable – presence/absence of bark damage. Tree size (Σωᵢ [Akaike weight] = 0.859) and site exposure (Σωᵢ = 0.739) had the greatest influence on tree selection for sap feeding. Kākā were found to prefer larger trees ( x ± SE, DBH: x damaged = 64.8 ± 5.2 cm, x undamaged = 32.9 ± 4.5 cm) at more exposed sites. Exotic species were significantly more likely to have been damaged than native species (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.001). Seven of 10 tree species damaged were exotic, and exotic conifers, such as macrocarpa (Cupressus macrocarpa) and Lawson cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) were the most commonly damaged species.  I used instantaneous scan sampling to record kākā behaviour during 25 60-100 minute observation periods at Anderson Park, Wellington Botanic Garden, and during 12 opportunistic observations of sap feeding kākā in Wellington City during other research activities. Forty observations of sap feeding were made and 20 sap feeding kākā identified. Based on estimated sex, females were no more likely to sap feed than males (exact binomial test p = 0.916) and both adults and juveniles were observed sap feeding. Kākā were observed displacing sap-feeding conspecifics and defending sap feeding sites from tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae). This indicates that sap is an important resource across sexes and life stages of kākā and is not just a supplementary food for females before breeding as previously hypothesised. Since supplementary food is provided by Karori Wildlife Sanctuary and utilised by the identified kākā, and 34% of Wellington residents provide food and water for birds, it is unlikely that further provision of supplementary food will reduce sap feeding.  To investigate residents’ attitudes and problems with birds, I hand-delivered 1030 questionnaires to households in 10 Wellington City suburbs. I then assessed the relationship between a person’s attitude and their biodiversity knowledge, engagement with birds and greenspaces and experience of bird problems. An extraordinary survey return rate of 61.8% (n = 635) revealed that residents had overwhelmingly positive attitudes towards native birds, despite 25% experiencing a bird problem. Planting trees to attract birds was the only predictor to provide substantial inference for attitude (ωi = 0.873). Experiencing a problem with birds was not an influential predictor of attitude when modelled alone (ΔAIC = 17.50, ωi = 0.000), but when combined additively (ωi = 0.568) and interactively (ωi = 0.400) with planting to attract birds these models comprised the confidence set. Respondents who had planted to attract birds were more likely to have more positive attitudes than the rest of the population even when they reported a bird problem. Hence, attitude to birds and tolerance of problems they cause was most closely associated with a person’s positive engagement with birds rather than their negative experiences.</p>

scholarly journals Urban human-wildlife conflict: North Island kākā (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis) in Wellington City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kerry E. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Sap Feeding ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

<p>Human-wildlife conflict is common wherever humans and wildlife coexist and is a growing problem in urban landscapes. Successfully mitigating conflict with wildlife requires an understanding of the ecological and social dimensions of the problem. In Wellington City, New Zealand, a human-wildlife conflict is beginning to emerge with North Island kākā (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis: Nestoridae), a threatened endemic parrot that was reintroduced to the city in 2002. Kākā damage property but especially damage tree bark while foraging for sap. In this thesis, I investigate the conflict with kākā using ecological, behavioural and social science approaches to understand the problem and recommend ways to mitigate the growing conflict with kākā.  To investigate tree selection for sap foraging by kākā, I sampled the characteristics, microhabitat and distribution (independent variables) of 282 trees at 15 sites across public greenspaces in Wellington City, and used model averaging to determine the relative influence of independent variables on the binary dependant variable – presence/absence of bark damage. Tree size (Σωᵢ [Akaike weight] = 0.859) and site exposure (Σωᵢ = 0.739) had the greatest influence on tree selection for sap feeding. Kākā were found to prefer larger trees ( x ± SE, DBH: x damaged = 64.8 ± 5.2 cm, x undamaged = 32.9 ± 4.5 cm) at more exposed sites. Exotic species were significantly more likely to have been damaged than native species (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.001). Seven of 10 tree species damaged were exotic, and exotic conifers, such as macrocarpa (Cupressus macrocarpa) and Lawson cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) were the most commonly damaged species.  I used instantaneous scan sampling to record kākā behaviour during 25 60-100 minute observation periods at Anderson Park, Wellington Botanic Garden, and during 12 opportunistic observations of sap feeding kākā in Wellington City during other research activities. Forty observations of sap feeding were made and 20 sap feeding kākā identified. Based on estimated sex, females were no more likely to sap feed than males (exact binomial test p = 0.916) and both adults and juveniles were observed sap feeding. Kākā were observed displacing sap-feeding conspecifics and defending sap feeding sites from tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae). This indicates that sap is an important resource across sexes and life stages of kākā and is not just a supplementary food for females before breeding as previously hypothesised. Since supplementary food is provided by Karori Wildlife Sanctuary and utilised by the identified kākā, and 34% of Wellington residents provide food and water for birds, it is unlikely that further provision of supplementary food will reduce sap feeding.  To investigate residents’ attitudes and problems with birds, I hand-delivered 1030 questionnaires to households in 10 Wellington City suburbs. I then assessed the relationship between a person’s attitude and their biodiversity knowledge, engagement with birds and greenspaces and experience of bird problems. An extraordinary survey return rate of 61.8% (n = 635) revealed that residents had overwhelmingly positive attitudes towards native birds, despite 25% experiencing a bird problem. Planting trees to attract birds was the only predictor to provide substantial inference for attitude (ωi = 0.873). Experiencing a problem with birds was not an influential predictor of attitude when modelled alone (ΔAIC = 17.50, ωi = 0.000), but when combined additively (ωi = 0.568) and interactively (ωi = 0.400) with planting to attract birds these models comprised the confidence set. Respondents who had planted to attract birds were more likely to have more positive attitudes than the rest of the population even when they reported a bird problem. Hence, attitude to birds and tolerance of problems they cause was most closely associated with a person’s positive engagement with birds rather than their negative experiences.</p>

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