Nanouniverse Expanding Macrouniverse: From Elementary Particles to Dark Matter and Energy

2014 ◽  
pp. 23-80 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Elementary Particles

scholarly journals Dark matter reflection of particle symmetry

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (15) ◽  
pp. 1740001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Yu. Khlopov
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Nonlinear Structures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Particles

In the context of the relationship between physics of cosmological dark matter and symmetry of elementary particles, a wide list of dark matter candidates is possible. New symmetries provide stability of different new particles and their combination can lead to a multicomponent dark matter. The pattern of symmetry breaking involves phase transitions in the very early Universe, extending the list of candidates by topological defects and even primordial nonlinear structures.

scholarly journals PROBING GRAVITATIONAL INTERACTIONS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2355-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONATHAN L. FENG ◽  
ARVIND RAJARAMAN ◽  
FUMIHIRO TAKAYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Supersymmetric Particle ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
Physics Experiments ◽  
Shed Light

The gravitational interactions of elementary particles are suppressed by the Planck scale M*~1018 GeV and are typically expected to be far too weak to be probed by experiments. We show that, contrary to conventional wisdom, such interactions may be studied by particle physics experiments in the next few years. As an example, we consider conventional supergravity with a stable gravitino as the lightest supersymmetric particle. The next-lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP) decays to the gravitino through gravitational interactions after about a year. This lifetime can be measured by stopping NLSPs at colliders and observing their decays. Such studies will yield a measurement of Newton's gravitational constant on unprecedentedly small scales, shed light on dark matter, and provide a window on the early universe.

scholarly journals Hadronic and Hadron-Like Physics of Dark Matter

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Beylin ◽  
Maxim Yu. Khlopov ◽  
Vladimir Kuksa ◽  
Nikolay Volchanskiy
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Physical Basis ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Dark Matter Search ◽  
Weakly Interacting ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Massive Particles

The problems of simple elementary weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) appeal to extend the physical basis for nonbaryonic dark matter. Such extension involves more sophisticated dark matter candidates from physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) of elementary particles. We discuss several models of dark matter, predicting new colored, hyper-colored or techni-colored particles and their accelerator and non-accelerator probes. The nontrivial properties of the proposed dark matter candidates can shed new light on the dark matter physics. They provide interesting solutions for the puzzles of direct and indirect dark matter search.

scholarly journals Dark Matter

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Einasto
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Matter Component

AbstractI give a review of the development of the concept of dark matter. The dark matter story passed through several stages from a minor observational puzzle to a major challenge for theory of elementary particles. Modern data suggest that dark matter is the dominant matter component in the Universe, and that it consists of some unknown non-baryonic particles. Dark matter is the dominant matter component in the Universe, thus properties of dark matter particles determine the structure of the cosmic web.

scholarly journals Introduction to the special issue on "indirect dark matter searches"

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (37) ◽  
pp. 1402001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Yu. Khlopov
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Present Issue ◽  
The Standard Model

The nature of cosmological dark matter finds its explanation in physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. The landscape of dark matter candidates contains a wide variety of species, either elusive or hardly detectable in direct experimental searches. Even in case, when such searches are possible the interpretation of their results implies additional sources of information, which provide indirect effects of dark matter. Some nontrivial probes for the nature of the dark matter are presented in the present issue.

Gravity beyond Einstein? Part III: numbers and coupling constants, contradictory experiments, hypercomplex gravity like-fields, propellantless space propulsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochem Hauser ◽  
Walter Dröscher
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Magnetic Monopoles ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Neutron Lifetime ◽  
Space Propulsion ◽  
Hypercomplex Numbers ◽  
Dark Matter Search

Abstract This article, the last in a series of three articles, attempts to unravel the underlying physics of recent experiments regarding the contradictory properties of the neutron lifetime that has been a complete riddle for quite some time. So far, none of the advanced theories beyond the  Standard Models (SMs) of particle physics and cosmology have shown sufficient potential to resolve this mystery. We also try to explain the blatant contradiction between the predictions of particle physics and experiments concerning the nature and properties of the (so far undetected) dark matter and dark energy particles. To this end the novel concepts of both negative and hypercomplex matter (giving rise to the concept of matter flavor) are introduced, replacing the field of real numbers by hypercomplex numbers. This extension of the number system in physics leads to both novel internal symmetries requiring new elementary particles – as outlined in Part I and II, and to novel types of matter. Hypercomplex numbers are employed in place of the widely accepted (but never observed) concept of extra space dimensions – and, hence, also to question the corresponding concept of supersymmetry. To corroborate this claim, we report on the latest experimental searches for novel and supersymmetric elementary particles by direct searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and other colliders as well as numerous other dedicated experiments that all have come up empty handed. The same holds true for the dark matter search at European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN) [CERN Courier Team, “Funky physics at KIT,” in CERN Courier, 2020, p. 11]. In addition, new experiments looking for dark or hidden photons (e.g., FUNK at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, CAST at CERN, and ALPS at Desy, Hamburg) are discussed that all produced negative results for the existence of the hitherto unseen but nevertheless gravitationally noticeably dark matter. In view of this contradicting outcome, we suggest a four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime, assumed to be a quasi de Sitter space, dS 1,3, complemented by a dual spacetime, denoted by DdS 1,3, in which the dark matter particles that are supposed to be of negative mass reside. This space is endowed with an imaginary time coordinate, −it and an imaginary speed of light, ic. This means that time is considered a complex quantity, but energy m(ic)2 > 0. With this construction visible and dark matter both represent positive energies, and hence gravitation makes no distinction between these two types of matter. As dark matter is supposed to reside in dual space DdS 1,3, it is principally undetectable in our spacetime. That this is evident has been confirmed by numerous astrophysical observations. As the concept of matter flavor may possibly resolve the contradictory experimental results concerning the lifetime of the neutron [J. T. Wilson, “Space based measurement of the neutron lifetime using data from the neutron spectrometer on NASA’s messenger mission,” Phys. Rev. Res., vol. 2, p. 023216, 2020] this fact could be considered as a first experimental hint for the actual existence of hypercomplex matter. In canonical gravity the conversion of electromagnetic into gravity-like fields (as surmised by Faraday and Einstein) should be possible, but not in cosmological gravity (hence these attempts did not succeed), and thus these conversion fields are outside general relativity. In addition, the concept of hypercomplex mass in conjunction with magnetic monopoles emerging from spin ice materials is discussed that may provide the enabling technology for long sought propellantless space propulsion.

scholarly journals Modeling that predicts elementary particles and explains data about dark matter, early galaxies, and the cosmos

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Buckholtz
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Harmonic Oscillator ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Ordinary Matter ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Early Galaxies ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Universe ◽  
New Particles

We try to solve three decades-old physics challenges. List all elementary particles. Describe dark matter. Describe mechanisms that govern the rate of expansion of the universe. We propose new modeling. The modeling uses extensions to harmonic oscillator mathematics. The modeling points to all known elementary particles. The modeling suggests new particles. Based on those results, we do the following. We explain observed ratios of dark matter amounts to ordinary matter amounts. We suggest details about galaxy formation. We suggest details about inflation. We suggest aspects regarding changes in the rate of expansion of the universe. We interrelate the masses of some elementary particles. We interrelate the strengths of electromagnetism and gravity. Our work seems to offer new insight regarding applications of harmonic oscillator mathematics. Our work seems to offer new insight regarding three branches of physics. The branches are elementary particles, astrophysics, and cosmology.

scholarly journals WHAT EINSTEIN DID NOT KNOW

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 735-757
Author(s):  
MARTIN L. PERL
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Fundamental Nature ◽  
Astronomical Research ◽  
Fundamental Forces ◽  
Experimental Technology ◽  
Public Lecture

This public lecture is about 100 years of research on elementary particles and fundamental forces, beginning with the identification of the electron about 1900 and extending to the astonishing discovery of Dark Matter in the late 1900s. I talk about the elementary particle concept; the discoveries of leptons, quarks and force carrying particles; and some of the experimental technology used. I tell of my own research, our discovery of the tau lepton, our long, inconclusive search for fractional charged particles, and my new involvement in astronomical research on Dark Matter. I conclude by looking ahead to old unsolved puzzles and new questions on the fundamental nature of matter and force that face us in the 21st Century.

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