scholarly journals Residual Infl uence of Organic Materials, Crop Residues, and Biofertilizers on Performance of Succeeding Mung Bean in an Organic Rice-Based Cropping System

2014 ◽  
pp. 143-162
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Organic Rice

Distribution of carbon and nitrogen in a long-term cropping system and permanent pasture system

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
FA Robertson ◽  
RJK Myers ◽  
PG Saffigna
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Standing Dead

Nitrogen (N) limitation to productivity of sown perennial grass pastures on the brigalow lands of S.E. Queensland contrasts with adequate N supply to annual crops grown on the same soil. In order to understand this anomaly, the distribution of N and carbon (C) under permanent green panic pasture and under continuous cropping with grain sorghum was compared in an 18 month field study. Total soil N and organic C (0-10 cm) were, respectively, 0.37 and 3.20% under green panic and 0.23 and 2.31% under sorghum. Soil microbial biomass (0-28 cm) contained 246 kg N and 1490 kg C ha-1 under green panic and 147 kg N and 744 kg C ha-1 under sorghum. Enhanced microbial growth under pasture was attributed to the continuous input of available C from surface litter and roots. The C/N ratio of pasture residues was high (greater than 50) and conducive to immobilization of N. Availability of N under pasture was further reduced by approximately 50% of plant N being immobilized in standing dead tissue. Under sorghum, the microbial biomass was well supplied with N, but was limited by C availability. The soil under sorghum received a single large C input when crop residues were returned after harvest. The differences in N availability, and hence productivity, of these soils under cropping and permanent pasture were due primarily to differences in the timing and quality of C inputs.

RELATIVE PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF CROPPING SYSTEMS IN HOT ARID INDIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. RATHORE ◽  
N. S. NATHAWAT ◽  
B. MEEL ◽  
B. M. YADAV ◽  
J. P. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYThe choice of an appropriate cropping system is critical to maintaining or enhancing agricultural sustainability. Yield, profitability and water use efficiency are important factors for determining suitability of cropping systems in hot arid region. In a two-year field experiment (2009/10–2010/11) on loam sandy soils of Bikaner, India, the production potential, profitability and water use efficiency (WUE) of five cropping systems (groundnut–wheat, groundnut–isabgol, groundnut–chickpea, cluster bean–wheat and mung bean–wheat) each at six nutrient application rate (NAR) i.e. 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% recommended dose of N and P (NP) and 100% NP + S were evaluated. The cropping systems varied significantly in terms of productivity, profitability and WUEs. Averaged across nutrient application regimes, groundnut–wheat rotation gave 300–1620 kg ha−1 and 957–3365 kg ha−1 higher grain and biomass yields, respectively, than other cropping systems. The mean annual net returns were highest for the mung bean–wheat system, which returned 32–57% higher net return than other cropping systems. The mung bean–wheat and cluster bean–wheat systems had higher WUE in terms of yields than other cropping systems. The mung bean–wheat system recorded 35–63% higher WUE in monetary terms compared with other systems. Nutrients application improved yields, profit and WUEs of cropping systems. Averaged across years and cropping systems, the application of 100% NP improved grain yields, returns and WUE by 1.7, 3.9 and 1.6 times than no application of nutrients. The results suggest that the profitability and WUEs of crop production in this hot arid environment can be improved, compared with groundnut–wheat cropping, by substituting groundnut by mung bean and nutrients application.

scholarly journals Nutrient release dynamics from decomposing organic materials and their mulching-effect on pearl millet yields in a low-input Sahelian cropping system

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ibrahim ◽  
Robert Clement Abaidoo ◽  
Aboubacar Dan Kassoua Tawaye Iliasso ◽  
Dougbedji Fatondji
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Low Input

The role of management in yield improvement of the wheat crop—a review with special emphasis on Western Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Anderson ◽  
M. A. Hamza ◽  
D. L. Sharma ◽  
M. F. D'Antuono ◽  
F. C. Hoyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Positive Interactions

Modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been well adapted for survival and production in water-limited environments since it was first domesticated in the Mediterranean basin at least 8000 years ago. Adaptation to various environments has been assisted through selection and cross-breeding for traits that contribute to high and stable yield since that time. Improvements in crop management aimed at improving yield and grain quality probably developed more slowly but the rate of change has accelerated in recent decades. Many studies have shown that the contribution to increased yield from improved management has been about double that from breeding. Both processes have proceeded in parallel, although possibly at different rates in some periods, and positive interactions between breeding and management have been responsible for greater improvements than by either process alone. In southern Australia, management of the wheat crop has focused on improvement of yield and grain quality over the last century. Adaptation has come to be equated with profitability and, recently, with long-term economic and biological viability of the production system. Early emphases on water conservation through the use of bare fallow, crop nutrition through the use of fertilisers, crop rotation with legumes, and mechanisation, have been replaced by, or supplemented with, extensive use of herbicides for weed management, reduced tillage, earlier sowing, retention of crop residues, and the use of ‘break’ crops, largely for management of root diseases. Yields from rainfed wheat crops in Western Australia have doubled since the late 1980s and water-use efficiency has also doubled. The percentage of the crop in Western Australia that qualifies for premium payments for quality has increased 3–4 fold since 1990. Both these trends have been underpinned by the gradual elimination or management of the factors that have been identified as limiting grain yield, grain quality, or long-term viability of the cropping system.

Biogas and the Energy Sector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Joseph Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Electricity Grids ◽  
And Storage

Biogas has become one of the most attractive pathways among the renewable energy sources essential to address major modern challenges such as climate change and energy depletion in recent years. Biogas derives from the degradation of organic materials through anaerobic digestion by microorganisms. Such organic materials generally come from waste feedstocks. Therefore, besides being a sustainable replacement for fossil fuels, biogas helps control waste. Agricultural and industrial residues, municipal organic waste and sewage sludge are thus common feedstock sources, including seeds, grains and sugars, lignocellulosic biomass such as crop residues and woody crops, or high carbohydrate algae. Because of its versatility in usage and storage space, biogas plays an significant role in managing potential electricity grids. Through biogas production and utilisation, our society can go deeper into green energy applications. This Chapter will give an introduction the the current energy sector and where biogas can be used as a substitute for decarbonisation of the energy sector.

Performance of Zero-till Bio-mulching on Different Pulses under Maize-legume Sequence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Dey ◽  
B. K. Saren ◽  
B. Duary ◽  
K. Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
The Individual

Background: After harvesting of kharif crops, lack of sufficient soil moisture availability limit the cultivation of rabi crops in the Birbhum district of West Bengal. So a huge area remains fallow during the rabi season mainly because of infrastructure to harvest and to utilize the bountiful rains of the monsoon. So, agronomic measures to conserve the soil moisture are very suitable for the region because of their low cost and capability to reduce soil erosion. In this region, maize stalk are not used as fodder for animals and are usually burnt or kept outside the field. Similarly, during rainy season, there is plenty of water hyacinth and paddy straw found around cultivated areas. Retention of crop residues and weed biomass on the soil surface in combination with zero tillage initiates process that lead to improve soil quality and overall enhancement of resource use efficiency. Methods: The trials were conducted for consecutive two years (2017-18 and 2018-19) in split plot design with three main plot treatments as cropping system after Maize, viz, i) Maize-chickpea (CS1) ii) Maize-lentil (CS2) iii) Maize-lathyrus (CS3); with five sub-plot treatments as mulching i) No-mulching (Residue Removal) (M0) ii) In-situ Maize stalk mulching (M1) iii) In-situ maize stalk mulch + Water hyacinth (5 t/ha) (M2) iv) In-situ maize stalk mulch + Paddy straw (5 t/ha) (M3) v) In-situ maize stalk mulch + Water hyacinth (2.5 t/ha) + Paddy straw (2.5 t/ha) (M4) but the individual rabi crop’s data were analyzed in Randomized Block Design (RBD) as the individual crops have different growth characteristics. Result: Experiments result revealed that mulching with M3- In-situ maize stalk mulch + Paddy straw (5 t/ha) is the best practice for growing pulses under zero-till condition after Maize in Maize-legume cropping system. Growing of pulses in different cropping system under zero-till condition not only will increase the cropping intensity and production of pulses in the country but also will increase the fertility of the soil.

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