The relative roles of N fixation, fertilizer, crop residues and soil in supplying N in multiple cropping systems in a humid, tropical upland cropping system

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Widjang H. Sisworo ◽  
M. M. Mitrosuhardjo ◽  
Havid Rasjid ◽  
R. J. K. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Multiple Cropping

Plant residue and cropping system effects on N dynamics in a Gray Luvisolic soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Broersma ◽  
N. G. Juma ◽  
J. A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Total N

Soil samples from differing cropping systems were amended with 15N-labeled plant residues having varying carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratios to quantify N dynamics in a Gray Luvisolic soil. For non-amended cropping systems a significantly greater amount of total N was mineralized from the continuous legume (CL) than from the continuous grass (CG), barley/forage (BF) rotations, or continuous barley (CB) cropping systems. The addition of the fababean (Vicia faba L.) plant residue resulted in net N mineralization from most of the cropping systems. After 20 wk, 14.0%, 10.5% and 7.1% of the 15N was mineralized from fababean, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and fescue (Festuca rubra L.) amended residues, respectively, when averaged across cropping systems. Key words: Crop residues, cropping systems, Gray Luvisol, N mineralization, 15N, soil amendments

scholarly journals Impact of Intercropping on the Diazotrophic Community in the Soils of Continuous Cucumber Cropping Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Gao ◽  
Sen Li ◽  
Fengzhi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Multivariate Regression Tree ◽  
Diazotrophic Community

Diazotrophs are important soil components that help replenish biologically available nitrogen (N) in the soil and contribute to minimizing the use of inorganic N fertilizers in agricultural ecosystems. However, there is little understanding of how diazotrophs respond to intercropping and soil physicochemical properties in cucumber continuous cropping systems. In this study, using the nifH gene as a marker, we have examined the impacts of seven intercropping plants on diazotrophic community diversity and composition compared to a cucumber continuous cropping system during two cropping seasons. The results showed that intercropping increased the abundance of the nifH gene, which was negatively correlated with available phosphorous in the fall. Diazotrophic diversity and richness were higher in the rape–cucumber system than in the monoculture. Multivariate regression tree analysis revealed that the diversity of the diazotrophic communties was shaped mainly by soil moisture and available phosphorous. Skermanella were the dominant genera in all of the samples, which increased significantly in the mustard–cucumber system in the fall. There was no effect of intercropping on the structure of the diazotrophic community in this case. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that cropping season had a greater effect than intercropping on the community structure of the diazotrophs. Overall, our results suggest that intercropping altered the abundance and diversity rather than the structure of the diazotrophic community, which may potentially affect the N fixation ability of continuous cropping systems.

scholarly journals Impact of Cropping Systems and Resource Conservation Techniques on Productivity and Profitability of Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaukat Ali ◽  
A. M. Patel ◽  
Sangeeta Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Residue Incorporation ◽  
Equivalent Yield

Background: A suitable cropping system seem to be the possible solution to meet the continuous increase in demand for food, stability of income and diverse requirement of food grains. Selection of suitable cropping system for conservation of resources has prime importance now a day. The cropping systems selected in study have higher potential of production along with incorporable residues during winter. The residues of cotton, castor and mustard crops (Crops in selected cropping systems) have more potential to feed nutrients to soil as compared to burning. So incorporation of such crop residues in to soil helps to recycle the nutrients to correct their deficiencies. Farmyard manure is being used as major source of organic manure in field crops. Thus to maintain the soil health, integrated nutrient management approaches involving FYM and mineral source need to be standardized. So there is need to find out agronomically efficient and economically viable cropping system which can perform better for increasing productivity and profitability with association of conservation of natural resources. Methods: The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Sixteen treatment combinations comprising of four cropping system treatments viz, C1 : Cotton- Summer Pearlmillet, C2 : Greengram + Kharif Castor (Relay), C3 : Greengram - Mustard - Summer Pearlmillet and C4 : Greengram - Rabi Castor and two residue incorporation treatments viz, R0 : No residue incorporation and R1 : Residue incorporation as well as two fertilizer doses viz, F1 : 100% RDN through inorganic fertilizer and F2 : 75% RDN through inorganic fertilizer + 25% RDN through FYM were evaluated in the study. Result: Cotton - summer pearlmillet cropping system found significantly superior by recording higher pearlmillet equivalent yield, system productivity and system profitability while, total weed count/m2 and total weed dry weight were found the lowest under greengram- kharif castor (relay) cropping system. Residue incorporation secured top position by recording significantly the highest pearlmillet equivalent yield, system productivity and system profitability as well as lowest total weed count/m2 and total weed dry weight. Application of 75% RDN through inorganic fertilizer + 25% RDN through FYM recorded significantly highest pearlmillet equivalent yield, system productivity and system profitability. In case of weed count and weed dry weight, 100% RDN through inorganic fertilizer found significantly superior by recording lowest total weed count/m2 and total weed dry weight.

MINERAL NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND REMOVAL BY COWPEA, SOYBEAN AND MAIZE CULTIVARS IN WEST AFRICA, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CARBON CYCLE EFFECTS ON SOIL ACIDIFICATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. RANDALL ◽  
R. C. ABAIDOO ◽  
P. J. HOCKING ◽  
N. SANGINGA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Savanna Zone

A field study of cowpea, soybean and maize was made at Ibadan, Nigeria, to determine the uptake of mineral nutrients and quantities removed in crop residues and seed. Concentrations of N, the major cations (K, Ca, Mg and Na) and major anions (P, S and Cl), and the micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) were determined in shoots harvested at flowering and maturity. Concentrations of excess cations in shoots at flowering were 135 cmolc kg−1 for soybean, 158 cmolc kg−1 for cowpea and 58 cmolc kg−1 for maize. In crop residues and seed at maturity, the values decreased to 75 and 56 cmolc kg−1 respectively for soybean, 68 and 27 cmolc kg−1 respectively for cowpea, and 52 and 10 cmolc kg−1 respectively for maize. Nutrient and excess cation concentrations were also measured in 13 soybean and eight cowpea lines grown in replicated field trials at Fashola in the derived savanna zone and Shika in the northern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria to assess the variation within these species. Maize, mucuna and lablab were included at these sites. The results are discussed in the context of soil nutrient depletion due to removal of nutrient elements in harvested seed and stover. The contribution of seed and stover removal to the proton (H+) budget and acidification of the soil is also discussed. It is estimated that the quantity of lime required to neutralize the acidity resulting from the removal of 1 t seed is 28 kg for soybean, 14 kg for cowpea and 5 kg for maize. The corresponding values for stover were soybean 35, cowpea 24 and maize 26 kg lime t−1 stover. Given the soil pH buffer capacity at the Ibadan site for the surface 16 cm, the yields obtained and assuming that seed and crop residues are removed, carbon cycle acidification would lead to a fall of 1 pH unit after 75 crops for soybean, 114 crops for cowpea and 68 crops for maize. The inclusion of legumes in cropping systems to increase N supply, and the use of P fertilizer to maximize N-fixation by legumes will raise production, but will inevitably accelerate removal of alkalinity and nutrients in harvested products, and the consequent decline in soil fertility. The data presented in this paper can be used in estimating the lime and fertilizer nutrients needed to maintain soil fertility and sustain yields.

scholarly journals Analysis of Changes and Potential Characteristics of Cultivated Land Productivity based on MODIS EVI: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu ◽  
Jin ◽  
Jin ◽  
Xiao ◽  
Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Potential Space ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Modis Evi ◽  
Productivity Potential

Cultivated land productivity is a basic guarantee of food security. This study extracted the multiple cropping index (MCI) and most active days (MAD, i.e., days when the EVI exceeded a threshold) based on crop growth EVI curves to analyse the changes and potential characteristics of cultivated land productivity in Jiangsu Province during 2001–2017. The results are as follows: (1) The MCI of 83.8% of cultivated land remained unchanged in Jiangsu, the cultivated land with changed MCI (16.2%) was mainly concentrated in the southern and eastern coastal areas of Jiangsu, and the main cropping systems were single and double seasons. (2) The changes in cultivated land productivity were significant and had an obvious spatial distribution. The areas where the productivity of single cropping system changed occupied 67.8% of the total cultivated land of single cropping system, and the decreased areas (46.5%) were concentrated in southern Jiangsu. (3) For double cropping systems, the percentages of the changed productivity areas accounting for cultivated land were 82.7% and 73.3%. The decreased areas were distributed in central Jiangsu. In addition, the productivity of the first crop showed an overall (72%) increasing trend and increased areas (40.8%) of the second crop were found in northern Jiangsu. (4) During 2001–2017, cultivated land productivity greatly improved in Jiangsu. In the areas where productivity increased, the proportions of cultivated land with productivity potential space greater than 20% in single and double cropping systems were greater than 60% and 90%, respectively. In the areas where productivity decreased, greater than 25% and 75% of cultivated land had potential space in greater than 80% of the single and double cropping systems, respectively. This result shows that productivity still has much room for development in Jiangsu. This study provides new insight for studying cultivated land productivity and provides references for guiding agricultural production.

scholarly journals Effect of reducing rates of NPK, ZA, and KCl fertilizers on the growth and yield of shallot in multiple cropping system in Bantul

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Karsidi Karsidi ◽  
Endang Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Didik Indradewa ◽  
Budiastuti Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

The intensive application of synthetic/inorganic fertilizer on shallot cultivation tends to contaminate the environment and reduce soil quality. Meanwhile, the decrease of farmland area has been a limiting factor in increasing shallot production. Shallot farmers in Bantul District, D. I. Yogyakarta, commonly combine organic and inorganic fertilizers. Therefore, an alternative technology to sustain the production of shallot is through the application of fertilizer at the right rates and  the practice of multiple cropping system. The objective of this research was to determine the growth and yield of shallot as affected by the reduced rates of inorganic fertilizer in multiple cropping systems. This research was conducted from August to November 2016 in Srigading Village, Sanden Sub-District, Bantul District, D. I. Yogyakarta. The research was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main plot was cropping system consisting of monoculture system (shallot) and multiple cropping system (shallot – chili). The subplot was fertilizer rates consisting of 100 % as control, 50 %, and 25 %. The results of this research showed that multiple cropping system did not decrease the growth and yield of shallot. Likewise, reducing inorganic fertilizer rates to 50% of control did not decrease shallot yield. However,  the inorganic fertilizer rate of 25% significantly decreased shallot yield to 12.15 %.

scholarly journals MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN PAKAN MELALUI SISTEM TANAM GANDA

Pastura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Nyimas Popi ◽  
Yuyun Yuwariah ◽  
Ana Rochana ◽  
Herryawan K.M. ◽  
Mansyur Mansyur
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Physical Chemical

Agricultural and forage land used are generally not increased even tends to decrease, therefore the land use needs to be optimized; one of them is by mean of multiple cropping system. Land management efforts through the multiple cropping systems selected is supporting the fertility of soil physical, chemical and biological. Multiple cropping systems require an appropriate plant species and a supportive environment to produce high-quality crops and availability of feed crops are sufficient throughout the year. Application of Multiple cropping system can increase the efficiency of environmental factors (sun, water and nutrients), inhibits the growth of weeds, suppress pests and diseases, save labor and improve the income of livestock farmers.Keywords: forage crops, multiple cropping systems, soil fertility

scholarly journals Options for Sustainable Intensification of Maize Production in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Srivastava ◽  
Cho Mboh ◽  
Babacar Faye ◽  
Thomas Gaiser ◽  
Arnim Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Maize Production

The agricultural intensification of farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa is a prerequisite to alleviate rural poverty and to improve livelihood. In this modelling exercise, we identified sustainable intensification scenarios for maize-based cropping systems in Ethiopia. We evaluated Conventional Intensification (CI) as continuous maize monocropping using higher Mineral Fertilizer (MF) rates with and without the incorporation of Crop Residues (CR) in the soil. We also evaluated the effect of groundnut in rotation with the maize-based cropping system with the current Farmer’s Practice + Rotation (FP + Rotation) and increased MF application rates (CI + Rotation) combined with CR incorporation. The results suggest that, under CI, there was a positive effect of MF and CR. The incorporation of only CR in the field increased the maize yield by 45.3% compared to the farmer’s yield under current MF rates. CR combined with higher MF (60 kg N ha−1 + 20 kg P ha−1) increased the yield by 134.6%. Incorporating CR and MF was also beneficial under rotation with groundnut. The maize yields increased up to 110.1% depending upon the scenarios tested. In the scenario where CR was not incorporated in the field, the maize yield declined by 21.9%. The Gross Economic Profit suggests that groundnut in rotation with maize is advantageous across Ethiopia in terms of the net return with a few exceptions.

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