Genotoxic Impurities from Toxicology Perspectives Including Cancer Risk Assessment, In Silico, In Vitro/In Vivo Testings, and Regulatory Aspects

2014 ◽  
pp. 196-209
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Regulatory Aspects ◽  
Genotoxic Impurities

Development of a Comparative Potency Method for Cancer Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures Using Short-Term in Vivo and in Vitro Bioassays

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joellen Lewtas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Lung Cancer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Coke Ovens

A comparative potency method for cancer risk assessment has been developed based on a constant relative potency hypothesis. This method was developed and tested using data from a battery of short-term mutagenesis bioassays, animal tumorigenicity data and human lung cancer risk estimations. This data base was developed for a series of complex mixtures including emissions from coke ovens, roofing tar pots, cigarette smoke and automotive engines. The series of automobiles used in this study included both diesel- and gasoline-powered vehicles. The assumptions inherent in this method are discussed, together with the methods and data base used to test these assumptions.

scholarly journals Cancer Risk Assessment Strategies Based on Mechanisms of Action

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
John H. Weisburger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Neoplastic Cell ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Effect Level

The induction of cancer by chemicals is a complex process that involves a series of steps, proceeding from the neoplastic conversion of a normal cell, i.e., the discrete mechanistically distinct initiation of a neoplastic cell, through the steps involving promotion, development, and progression. Chemicals can act in each of these stages as initiators, cocarcinogens, promoters, or inhibitors of carcinogenesis. Chemicals must be classified as operating by genotoxic or epigenetic mechanisms. Appropriate short-term in vitro tests used as a battery can be applied to detect such properties. These abbreviated and economic tests have good qualitative decision-making potential, since they are based on mechanisms of action. Advances in molecular biology may provide additional tests to detect cancer risk. Quantitative data available from in vivo dose-response studies demonstrate that carcinogenic effects are dose dependent, and, therefore, a threshold or no-effect level probably exists that is low for potent carcinogens, especially genotoxins, and high for weaker ones, particularly epigenetic agents. A set of mechanism-oriented data must be acquired systematically to serve as basis for realistic and effective risk assessment and management.

Analysis of in vivo mutation data can inform cancer risk assessment

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha M. Moore ◽  
Robert H. Heflich ◽  
Lynne T. Haber ◽  
Bruce C. Allen ◽  
Annette M. Shipp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Mutation Data

Cancer Risk Assessment of Airborne PAHs Based on in Vitro Mixture Potency Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (15) ◽  
pp. 8805-8814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Dreij ◽  
Åse Mattsson ◽  
Ian W. H. Jarvis ◽  
Hwanmi Lim ◽  
Jennie Hurkmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment
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