DESAIN PILOT PLANT DAUR ULANG AIR LIMBAH DI INDUSTRI MIGAS Studi Kasus Kilang Minyak RU-VI Balongan PT. Pertamina (Persero)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said ◽  
Ikbal Ikbal ◽  
Satmoko Yudo
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Secondary Treatment

Sejalan dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang sangat pesat dan meningkatnya pencemaran air tanah maupun air permukaan, serta distribusi sumber air untuk konsumsi pemakaian air yang tidak merata telah menyebabkan ketidak-seimbangan antara  pasokan dan kebutuhan akan air. Oleh karena itu, menjadi perhatian yang penting dalam melakukan upaya-upaya dalam hal penyediaan sumber air. Salah satu alternatif yang banyak mendapat perhatian di banyak negara di dunia adalah menggunakan teknologi daur ulang air limbah sebagai sumber air baku untuk penyediaan air bersih. Industri migas merupakan salah satu industri yang mempunyai kebutuhan akan air bersih yang besar, khususnya kilang minyak. Pemakaian air di kilang minyak tersebut cukup besar yaitu sebesar 1.400 m3 perjam, apabila air hasil buangannya dapat di daur ulang sebesar 10% atau lebih saja maka kebutuhan air bersih akan dapat dihemat. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah melakukan desain instalasi daur ulang air di suatu kilang minyak. Konsep yang umum dari daur ulang adalah melakukan pengolahan air limbah untuk dijadikan air bersih, dengan menggunakan kombinasi proses pra-pengolahan (preliminary treatment), pengolahan primer (primary treatment), pengolahan primer lanjutan (advanced primary treatment), pengolahan sekunder (secondary treatment), dan pengolahan tersier (tertiary/advanced treatment). Dengan kombinasi proses tersebut dapat mengolah air limbah sampai menghasilkan air olahan dengan kualitas sebagai air minum.  Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah diperolehnya desain pilot plant instalasi daur ulang air limbah di industri migas dengan kapasitas  9 m3/jam. Kata kunci: pencemaran air, air limbah, desain daur ulang air, kilang minyak

Management of Patient with Aggressive Periodontitis by Orthodontic and Prosthodontic Collaboration

DENTA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Chaterina Diyah Nanik K ◽  
Anindita Apsari
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Young Adult Patient ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Long Span Bridge

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> One of the most common inflammation disease in the oral cavity for the past few years is the aggressive form of periodontitis. Common signs of aggressive periodontitis is the mobility of teeth especially in incisive and first molars, and occuring mostly in young patient. Young patients whose losing her anterior teeth, are a real challenge for dentist and prosthodontist. Prosthodontist need to consider both functional and esthetic aspects. <strong>Objective:</strong> Rehabilitation of young adult patient with aggressive periodontitis by an interdisciplinary approach of orthodontist and prosthodontist. <strong>Case Description:</strong> A young woman, suffered from aggressive periodontitis with major complain of her teeth mobility, especially incisive and first molar in mandible. She had undergone periodontal treatment, but the result was failed. The anterior teeth in mandible need to be extracted, therefore patient wished not to be in edentulous state. As preliminary treatment, we choose immediate denture to replace the anterior mandible teeth. We faced difficulties in mandible, because her right canine weren’t in the proper dental arch. So we asked orthodontist to place fixed orthodontics in mandible, to get the canine back in the proper arch. We’ve chosen orthodontic treatment,because we didn’t want to extract the canine teeth. We evaluated in six months and after the canine back in the proper arch, we proceed to long span bridge in mandible as our definitive treatment. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> By not extracting the canine teeth, we got some advantages, especially patient psychically was happier with her own teeth. The collaboration with another dentistry field, provides us better treatment for patient. After treatment, patient had no complaints and was happy with her new smile.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em>  Prosthodontic rehabilitation, aggressive periodontitis, orthodontic treatment, esthetic</em><em>.</em></p><strong><em>Correspondence:</em></strong><em> Chaterina Diyah Nanik. K; Department of Prostodontitics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya; Phone 031-5912191, Email: </em><a href="mailto:[email protected]"><em>[email protected]</em></a>

Applying a Significant Protection Layer on Double Ex Situ Lift-out TEM Specimens to Protect Against Ion Beam Impact

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hung Lin ◽  
Hsin-Cheng Hsu ◽  
Tsung-Yi Lin ◽  
Ru-Hui Lin ◽  
I-An Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Damage Layer ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Protection Layer ◽  
Tem Lamella ◽  
Beam Damage

Abstract Protection layers on double ex situ lift-out TEM specimens were investigate in this paper and two protection layer approaches for double INLO or double EXLO were introduced. The improved protection methods greatly decreased the damage layer on the top surface from 90 nm to 5 nm (or lower) during FIB milling. According to the property of different sample and its preliminary treatment in the FIB, we have the satisfactory approaches to be applied. Using this improved protection method, we demonstrate the structures within the TEM lamella can be observed without ion beam damage/implantation during FIB

The algorithm of the color signal recognition at landing an unmanned aerial vehicle on an aircraft carrier in autonomous mode

2020 ◽  
pp. 78
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
Connected Components ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Signal Recognition ◽  
Aircraft Carrier ◽  
Halftone Image ◽  
Glide Path ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

The movement along the glide path of an unmanned aerial vehicle during landing on an aircraft carrier is investigated. The implementation of this task is realized in the conditions of radio silence of the aircraft carrier. The algorithm for treatment information from an optical landing system installed on an aircraft carrier is developed. The algorithm of the color signal recognition assumes the usage of the image frame preliminary treatment method via a downsample function, that performs the decimation process, the HSV model, the Otsu’s method for calculating the binarization threshold for a halftone image, and the method of separating the connected Two-Pass components. Keywords unmanned aerial vehicle; aircraft carrier; approach; glide path; optical landing system; color signal recognition algorithm; decimation; connected components; halftone image binarization

scholarly journals Role of Curing Temperature of Poly(Glycerol Sebacate) Substrates on Protein-Cell Interaction and Early Cell Adhesion

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Rubén Martín-Cabezuelo ◽  
José Carlos Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Guillermo Vilariño-Feltrer ◽  
Ana Vallés-Lluch
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Type I

A novel procedure to obtain smooth, continuous polymeric surfaces from poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) has been developed with the spin-coating technique. This method proves useful for separating the effect of the chemistry and morphology of the networks (that can be obtained by varying the synthesis parameters) on cell-protein-substrate interactions from that of structural variables. Solutions of the PGS pre-polymer can be spin-coated, to then be cured. Curing under variable temperatures has been shown to lead to PGS networks with different chemical properties and topographies, conditioning their use as a biomaterial. Particularly, higher synthesis temperatures yield denser networks with fewer polar terminal groups available on the surface. Material-protein interactions were characterised by using extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin (Fn) and collagen type I (Col I), to unveil the biological interface profile of PGS substrates. To that end, atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and quantification of protein adsorbed in single, sequential and competitive protein incubations were used. Results reveal that Fn is adsorbed in the form of clusters, while Col I forms a characteristic fibrillar network. Fn has an inhibitory effect when incubated prior to Col I. Human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also cultured on PGS surfaces to reveal the effect of synthesis temperature on cell behaviour. To this effect, early focal adhesions (FAs) were analysed using immunofluorescence techniques. In light of the results, 130 °C seems to be the optimal curing temperature since a preliminary treatment with Col I or a Fn:Col I solution facilitates the formation of early focal adhesions and growth of HUVECs.

REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH PARTIAL SECONDARY EDENTULOUSNESS WITH ORTHOPEDIC CONSTRUCTIONS ON DENTAL IMPLANTS USING CODIAGNOSTIX SURGICAL GUIDES

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Balin K.D. ◽  
Borisova E.G.
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Digital Dentistry ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Surgical Guides

In dental practice, the most common outpatient operation is tooth extraction. As a result, dentition defects are formed with a corresponding violation of the chewing function [1]. Traditionally, chewing function has been restored by removable or non-removable dentures. In the modern world, due to the availability of medical dental services and the development of voluntary medical insurance, an increasing number of people choose dental intraosseous implantation as a method of secondary adentia rehabilitation. It is now generally accepted that dental implants represent the most physiological design for replacing dentition defects, in contrast to traditional removable and fixed dentures. The key to a successful treatment is a high-quality preliminary joint planning of surgeon and prostodontist, choice of the position and number of implants, and design of the final restorative structure. Today, the global trend in dentistry tends to be minimally invasive, atraumatic, accurate and solving the assigned medical problems in the shortest possible time. In recent years, digital dentistry and navigational surgery techniques have been successfully introduced into everyday dental practice. When choosing a treatment with the use of digital technologies, specialists use a surgical template and a digital prototype of the future orthopedic construction for strict adherence to the preliminary treatment plan.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME FOR PRODUCING LIQUID SUGAR FROM SEMI-PRODUCTS OF BEET SUGAR PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Р.С. Решетова ◽  
О.Ю. Бганцева
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Technological Scheme ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Разработана технологическая схема получения жидкого сахара из полупродуктов свеклосахарного производства, которая предусматривает получение исходного (концентрированного) сахарного раствора из сиропа после выпарки, некондиционного сахара и желтого сахара последнего продукта с содержанием сухих веществ (СВ) от 68 до 72. Изучено изменение количества микроорганизмов в жидком сахаре в течение 30 сут хранения в закрытых сосудах при температуре окружающей среды без предварительной обработки физическим и химическим способами с целью использования сиропа при производстве пищевых продуктов. Установлено, что в растворе с содержанием СВ 68 72 количество микроорганизмов увеличилось: бактерий с 15 до 60 КОЕ/г, дрожжей и плесневых грибов с 10 до 34 КОЕ/г, что не превышает допустимых уровней СанПиН 2.3.2.1078 01 и ГОСТ Р 53035 2008. Определена длительность хранения жидкого сахара для использования в пищевых производствах не более 15 сут. The technological scheme of obtaining liquid sugar from semiproducts of sugar beet production, which provides for obtaining the initial (concentrated) sugar solution from the syrup after evaporation, substandard sugar and yellow sugar of the last product with a content of dry matters from 68 to 72, has been developed. The change in the number of microorganisms in liquid sugar was studied during 30 days of storage in closed vessels at ambient temperature without preliminary treatment by physical and chemical methods with the aim of using syrup in food production. It was found that in the solution with the content of dry matters 68 72 the number of microorganisms increased: bacteria from 15 to 60 CFU/g, yeast and fungi from 10 to 34 CFU/g, which does not exceed the permissible levels of SanPiN 2.3.2.1078 01 and GOST R 53035 2008. The storage duration of liquid sugar for use in food production was determined no more than 15 days.

Ossuaries on the Delmarva Peninsula and Exotic Influences in the Coastal Aspect of the Woodland Pattern

1942 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Weslager
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Delmarva Peninsula ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
The Earth

Additional details of a unique burial custom, practiced on the Delmarva Peninsula, have recently come to light. This practice involved preliminary treatment of the remains by bone-scraping and mummification and temporary incarceration in a temple or bone house and, secondarily, the use of an ossuary dug in the earth for the final and permanent disposal of the skeletons. The practice is reported on the Virginia and Maryland mainland and in the Carolinas by early writers. MacLeod has written a comprehensive account of the complex, and Willoughby discusses it in a paper on the Virginia Indians. From the viewpoint of archaeology, Bushnell and Stewart5 have made leading contributions in recording locations and excavations of ossuaries.

Application of natural and synthetic polyamines as growth regulators to improve the freezing tolerance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Todorova ◽  
I. Sergiev ◽  
V. Alexieva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Weight Losses

Wheat cultivars were grown as soil culture under normal growth conditions. Twoweek- old seedlings were exposed to 4°C for 6 h and then transferred to −12°C for 24 h in the dark. Twenty-four hours before freezing stress, some of the plants were sprayed with aqueous solutions of spermine, spermidine, putrescine, 1,3-diaminopropane (1,3-DAP) and diethylenetriamine (DETA). The data showed that freezing stress caused a decrease in the fresh weight, chlorophyll content and plant survival rate, accompanied by a simultaneous accumulation of free proline and the enhanced leakage of electrolytes. Preliminary treatment with polyamines caused a decline in electrolyte leakage and a considerable augmentation in proline quantity, indicating that the compounds are capable of preventing frost injury. Additionally, the foliar application of polyamines retarded the destruction of chlorophyll, and lessened fresh weight losses due to freezing stress. The synthetic triamine DETA was the most effective, having the most pronounced action in all the experiments, followed by the tetraamine spermine. The application of polyamines to wheat crops could be a promising approach for improving plant growth under unfavourable growth conditions, including freezing temperatures. The results demonstrate that treatment with polyamines could protect winter wheat by reducing the stress injuries caused by subzero temperatures.

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