ISM-based identification of factors influencing pedestrian violations at signalized intersections

2014 ◽  
pp. 245-248
Keyword(s):  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Factors Influencing

Studying the Effect of Coordination on the Drivers Behavior during Signal Change Intervals at a Typical Intersection in Tokyo, Japan ~ Detailed Methodology and Hypotheses

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 1388-1395
Author(s):  
Mirza Ahmed Rasheed ◽  
Shinji Tanaka ◽  
Takashi Oguchi ◽  
Sungjoon Hong
Keyword(s):  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Signal Coordination ◽  
Coordination Strategies ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Signal Change ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Determining Factor

The traffic flow at approaches to signalized intersections is determined by a multitude of factors. This results in randomness in the parameters that have to be estimated in order to calculate the signal change intervals. If factors influencing the distribution of these parameters can be identified, less safety margins may be feasible. In this way the approach capacity may be increased without compromising safety at the intersection. In this research, it is considered that the coordination of signals is a determining factor to set the signal change intervals. Thus, this research is an effort to study the effect of signal coordination and the arrival patterns generated from it on the driver’s behavior at the onset of yellow indication. It is hypothesized in this research that the vehicles generally require different signal change intervals in case of coordinated approaches compared to if the approaches were un-coordinated. Field surveys will be conducted in order to study the driver’s behavior under different conditions of coordination. After completing the extraction of data, analysis will be performed on various driver behavior parameters deemed essential for this study in order to establish the difference in the behavior of drivers for the two different cases of coordination and arrival patterns that were under observation. It is expected that the research results will lead to a potential to improve the signal coordination strategies and to achieve safe and efficient design for signal change intervals.

scholarly journals Effects of Countdown Signals in Red Phase on Drivers: A Comparative Study between Japan and Turkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Yu ◽  
Huapu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Startup Delay ◽  
The Impact

Countdown signals can be found in many countries; however, there are only a few researches that study the impact of the signals on driver behavior. In this study, we focus particularly on the behavior of drivers reacting to countdown signals when the signal shifted from red to green. Although the countdown signal can reduce startup delay, it also causes drivers premature start. This paper determines the factors influencing the behaviors of drivers on startup delay, premature start, and headway due to countdown signals. The analysis results are compared between Japan and Turkey. From our findings, we propose countermeasures to reduce the problems caused by the countdown signals which can be a guideline for implementation or modification of countdown-signalized intersections in many countries in order to increase safety of both drivers and pedestrians as well as drivers’ satisfactions.

Assessing Safety of Signalized Intersections: Influence of Geometric Attributes and Regionality on Traffic Accident Risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 2659 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Shiomi ◽  
Kazuki Watanabe ◽  
Hideki Nakamura ◽  
Hirokazu Akahane
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Factors Influencing

Traffic accidents constitute a serious social problem. Thus, it is essential to identify and remove the risk factors affecting traffic accidents to enhance traffic safety at intersections. This study identified and quantified the main factors influencing traffic accident risk at signalized intersections to propose effective countermeasures. Google Earth was used to collect numerical data related to the geometric attributes of intersections in three regions in Japan: Kagawa, Shiga, and Aichi. A lognormal hurdle model that considered regionality and geometric attributes was then used to quantify factors influencing the risk of traffic accidents involving various types of collisions. The results indicate the existence of significant regional differences in the geometric attributes of intersections in those regions. The findings reveal that intersection size (indicated by the distance between stop lines), length of crosswalks, and setback distance of crosswalks generally and significantly influence all collision risk types; in addition, a compact intersection lowered the risk of all collision types. And in most cases, regional dummy variables were statistically significant. This finding suggests that in addition to intersection geometric attributes, regional differences in some factors influenced collision risk. Thus, it could be reasonably assumed that regionality stemmed from differences in driving characteristics.

Factors influencing adhesive bonding at the bone/implant interface

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1114-1115
Author(s):  
Julie A. Martini ◽  
Robert H. Doremus
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Lr White ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tracy and Doremus have demonstrated chemical bonding between bone and hydroxylapatite with transmission electron microscopy. Now researchers ponder how to improve upon this bond in turn improving the life expectancy and biocompatibility of implantable orthopedic devices.This report focuses on a study of the- chemical influences on the interfacial integrity and strength. Pure hydroxylapatite (HAP), magnesium doped HAP, strontium doped HAP, bioglass and medical grade titanium cylinders were implanted into the tibial cortices of New Zealand white rabbits. After 12 weeks, the implants were retrieved for a scanning electron microscopy study coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy.Following sacrifice and careful retrieval, the samples were dehydrated through a graduated series starting with 50% ethanol and continuing through 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, and 100% ethanol over a period of two days. The samples were embedded in LR White. Again a graduated series was used with solutions of 50, 75 and 100% LR White diluted in ethanol.

Factors Influencing Electrophysiologic Responsivity in Normal Adults

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-347
Author(s):  
Robert Goldstein ◽  
Benjamin RosenblÜt
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
White Light ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Electrodermal Responses ◽  
Normal Adults

Electrodermal and electroencephalic responsivity to sound and to light was studied in 96 normal-hearing adults in three separate sessions. The subjects were subdivided into equal groups of white men, white women, colored men, and colored women. A 1 000 cps pure tone was the conditioned stimulus in two sessions and white light was used in a third session. Heat was the unconditioned stimulus in all sessions. Previously, an inverse relation had been found in white men between the prominence of alpha rhythm in the EEG and the ease with which electrodermal responses could be elicited. This relation did not hold true for white women. The main purpose of the present study was to answer the following questions: (1) are the previous findings on white subjects applicable to colored subjects? (2) are subjects who are most (or least) responsive electrophysiologically on one day equally responsive (or unresponsive) on another day? and (3) are subjects who are most (or least) responsive to sound equally responsive (or unresponsive) to light? In general, each question was answered affirmatively. Other factors influencing responsivity were also studied.

Factors Influencing Pressure in the Portal Vein as Studied in the Intact Animal

1950 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Hoffbauer ◽  
Jesse L. Bollman ◽  
John L. Grindlay
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Intact Animal ◽  
Factors Influencing
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