CARBON DIOXIDE FACILITATED CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

2014 ◽  
pp. 153-153
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Transformations

Stochastic analysis of time-series related to ocean acidification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Vagenas ◽  
Theano Iliopoulou ◽  
Panayiotis Dimitriadis ◽  
Demetris Koutsoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Mauna Loa

<p>Since the pre-industrial era at the end of the 18<sup>th</sup> century, the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO<sub>2</sub>) has increased by 47.46% from the level of 280 ppmv (parts per million volume) to 412.89 ppmv (Mauna Loa – NOAA Station, November 2020). These increased concentrations caused by natural & anthropogenic activities, interact with the aquatic environment which acts as a safety valve. Nevertheless, the absorbed CO<sub>2 </sub>amounts undergo chemical transformations, resulting in increasing ionized concentrations that can significantly reduce the water’s pH, a process described as ocean acidification. Here, we use the HOT (Hawaii-Ocean-Time series) to perform time series analysis for temperature, carbon dioxide partial pressure and pH. More specifically, we analyze their temporal changes in month and annual time lag. Then, we proceed in comparisons with relevant studies on atmospheric data to evaluate the produced results. Finally, we make an effort to disentangle the results with simplified assumptions connected with the observed impact of ocean acidification on the aquatic ecosystems.</p>

Carbon dioxide chemistry: Examples and challenges in chemical utilization of carbon dioxide

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 2069-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Nian He ◽  
Jin-Quan Wang ◽  
Jing-Lun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Transition Metal Catalysts ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Organic Carbonates ◽  
Benign Synthesis ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Molecular Catalysts

The development of catalytic methods for chemical transformation of CO2 into useful compounds is of paramount importance from a standpoint of C1 chemistry and so-called green chemistry. The kinetic and thermodynamic stability of CO2 molecule presents significant challenges in designing efficient chemical transformations based on this potential feedstock. In this context, efforts to convert CO2 to useful chemicals will inevitably rely on its activation through molecular catalysts, particularly transition-metal catalysts. Two preparative processes employing solid catalyst or CO2-philic homogeneous catalyst were devised for environmentally benign synthesis of organic carbonates and oxazolidinones under solvent-free conditions. Those processes represent pathways for greener chemical fixations of CO2 to afford industrial useful materials such as organic carbonates and oxazolidinones with great potential applications.

scholarly journals Construction binders and environmental indicators of their production

2018 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 03020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varvara Vinnichenko ◽  
Alexander Ryazanov ◽  
Olga Krot
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Technological Efficiency ◽  
Portland Cement Clinker ◽  
Rough Calculation

A comparative analysis of carbon dioxide emissions during the burning of Portland cement clinker, lime and gypsum was performed. The interrelation between energy indices and the emission of carbon dioxide is shown. The quantitative indices of atmospheric pollution in the manufacture of binders are given. Ecological expediency of production of gypsum and cement clinker in comparison with lime is shown. The article is made rough calculation of environmental pollution by carbon dioxide, which is produced and released into the atmosphere during the production of building binders. It was determined the directions of reducing the formation of gases during firing of the substances to reduce environmental pollution: decrease in endothermy of chemical transformations; reduction of the content of calcium and magnesium carbonates in the feedstock mixture; reduction of raw material moisture; reduction of fuel consumption for the process; increasing the technological efficiency of the process. It was determined the directions of reducing the formation of gases during firing of the substances to reduce environmental pollution. It is shown that carbon dioxide is released into the Earth’s atmosphere in the amount of more than three billion metric tons per year by enterprises that produce cement, lime, and gypsum.

scholarly journals Capture and Reuse of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) for a Plastics Circular Economy: A Review

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Laura Pires da Mata Costa ◽  
Débora Micheline Vaz de Miranda ◽  
Ana Carolina Couto de Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Falcon ◽  
Marina Stella Silva Pimenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Patent Literature ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
The Many ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Plastic production has been increasing at enormous rates. Particularly, the socioenvironmental problems resulting from the linear economy model have been widely discussed, especially regarding plastic pieces intended for single use and disposed improperly in the environment. Nonetheless, greenhouse gas emissions caused by inappropriate disposal or recycling and by the many production stages have not been discussed thoroughly. Regarding the manufacturing processes, carbon dioxide is produced mainly through heating of process streams and intrinsic chemical transformations, explaining why first-generation petrochemical industries are among the top five most greenhouse gas (GHG)-polluting businesses. Consequently, the plastics market must pursue full integration with the circular economy approach, promoting the simultaneous recycling of plastic wastes and sequestration and reuse of CO2 through carbon capture and utilization (CCU) strategies, which can be employed for the manufacture of olefins (among other process streams) and reduction of fossil-fuel demands and environmental impacts. Considering the previous remarks, the present manuscript’s purpose is to provide a review regarding CO2 emissions, capture, and utilization in the plastics industry. A detailed bibliometric review of both the scientific and the patent literature available is presented, including the description of key players and critical discussions and suggestions about the main technologies. As shown throughout the text, the number of documents has grown steadily, illustrating the increasing importance of CCU strategies in the field of plastics manufacture.

Electron Cytochemical Study of Carbon Dioxide Laser Effect on Rhesus Monkey Cornea

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
K. C. Tsou ◽  
J. Morris ◽  
P. Shawaluk ◽  
B. Stuck ◽  
E. Beatrice
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Laser Effect

While much is known regarding the effect of lasers on the retina, little study has been done on the effect of lasers on cornea, because of the limitation of the size of the material. Using a combination of electron microscope and several newly developed cytochemical methods, the effect of laser can now be studied on eye for the purpose of correlating functional and morphological damage. The present paper illustrates such study with CO2 laser on Rhesus monkey.

The Critical Point Drying Method Applied to Scanning Electron Microscopy of L-929 Cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
Charles TurnbiLL ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Scanning Electron

The advent of the scanning electron microscope (SCEM) has renewed interest in preparing specimens by avoiding the forces of surface tension. The present method of freeze drying by Boyde and Barger (1969) and Small and Marszalek (1969) does prevent surface tension but ice crystal formation and time required for pumping out the specimen to dryness has discouraged us. We believe an attractive alternative to freeze drying is the critical point method originated by Anderson (1951; for electron microscopy. He avoided surface tension effects during drying by first exchanging the specimen water with alcohol, amy L acetate and then with carbon dioxide. He then selected a specific temperature (36.5°C) and pressure (72 Atm.) at which carbon dioxide would pass from the liquid to the gaseous phase without the effect of surface tension This combination of temperature and, pressure is known as the "critical point" of the Liquid.

A global perspective of ground level, 'ambient' carbon dioxide for assessing the response of plants to atmospheric CO2

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 789-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Ziska ◽  
O. Ghannoum ◽  
J. T. Baker ◽  
J. Conroy ◽  
J. A. Bunce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Atmospheric Co2
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