Anomalies of the urinary tract and of the external genitalia

2014 ◽  
pp. 307-346 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
External Genitalia

Awareness and practices of menstrual hygiene among females of reproductive age in rural Puducherry – a mixed method study

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Chandar ◽  
Yamini Vaishnavi ◽  
Shanthosh Priyan ◽  
Ganesh Kumar S
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physiological Process ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Hygiene Practices

Abstract Background Menstruation is a physiological process. Unfortunately, there is substantial lacuna in knowledge related to menstrual hygiene among females. Objectives To assess the awareness and prevailing practices of menstrual hygiene, prevalence of symptoms related to genito-urinary tract infection, and the factors influencing menstrual hygiene practices, among women of reproductive age in rural Puducherry. Methodology The study was conducted in March 2017 in rural Puducherry adopting a mixed-methods approach. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used for a quantitative survey among 357 women of reproductive age. Qualitative data was collected through focused group discussions (FGDs). Results The mean age of the participants was 28.25 + 9.25 years. Thirty-three percent of the respondents had menstrual knowledge prior to menarche. A total of 90.8% were aware that menstruation is a physiological process. The majority of respondents 94.1%, used sanitary napkins as absorbents during menstruation and 60.7% of them changed it 3 times a day. Regarding the method of disposal, 47.6% participants threw it into the routine waste and 43.8% burnt it after use. Among 8.9% of cloth users 62.5% used a new cloth for each cycle and 37.5% of respondents washed and reused the cloth. Satisfactory cleaning of external genitalia was practised by 62.2%. Only 11.2% respondents had symptoms related to genito-urinary tract infection. From FGDs it was observed that the several socio-cultural factors and taboos restrict them from practising safe menstrual hygiene practices. Conclusion Our study has revealed that most of the females are still unaware of menstrual hygienic practices which suggest the need for appropriate health intervention measures to be implemented for their well-being.

scholarly journals Supine Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy in Double-S Position

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Giusti ◽  
Antonello De Lisa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Prone Position ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Lithiasis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy ◽  
Flexible Instruments

Background. At present, the percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) is performed both in supine and in prone position. The aim of this paper is to describe an innovative position during PCNL. Methods. We describe a supine position. The patient’s legs are slightly abducted at the hips. The thorax is laterally tilted (inclination 30°–35°) and kept in the right position by one or two gel pads placed between the scapula and the vertebrae. External genitalia can be accessed at any time, so that it is always possible to use flexible instruments in the upper urinary tract. We used this position for a period of 12 months to treat with PCNL 45 patients with renal lithiasis. Results. All the procedures were successfully completed without complications, using the position we are describing. The following are some of its benefits: an easier positioning of the patient; a better exposure of the flank for an easier access to the posterior renal calyces of the kidney; a lower risk of pressure injuries compared to positions foreseeing the use of knee crutches; the possibility of combined procedures (ECIRS) through the use of flexible instruments; and a good fluoroscopic visualization of the kidney not overlapped by the vertebrae. Conclusions. This position is effective, safe, easy, and quick to prepare and allows for combined anterograde/retrograde operations.

scholarly journals Prepuce in boys and adolescents: What, when, and how?

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusanka Dobanovacki ◽  
Biljana Lucic-Prostran ◽  
Dragan Sarac ◽  
Jelena Antic ◽  
Mirjana Petkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Normal Position ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Manual Manipulation

Introduction. The prepuce envelops the glans as a variant of a mucocutaneous tissue presenting with a lot of functions, the most important of them being to protect the infant?s glans from feces and ammonia in diapers, to protect the glans from abrasions and trauma throughout life, and to provide sufficient skin in erection. Circumcision was recognized as a method of solving foreskin problems a long time before Christ. Practicing male circumcision in history was customary several thousand years ago and has spread worldwide. Today it depends on races, and it is often an initiation ceremony near the age of puberty. In everyday practice in pediatric urology outpatient department the foreskin problems have been noticed as a phimosis in 9.91% cases and prepuce adhesions in 3.98%. Congenital anomalies are present in different numbers. Other problems, such as paraphimosis, balanoposthitis, are recorded as accidental cases. Over-all prepuce pathology can be observed in 12%-25% of patients. The article presents a review of foreskin conditions, clinical manifestation, therapy and arguments for patient?s benefits. Clinical presentation. The term phimosis describes a foreskin that is unable to retract. It is necessary to distinguish normal anatomic situation in neonate and infantile period, when prepuce has not been separated yet from true pathologic phimosis due to fibrosis and sclerosis. Up to six years of age the tip of the prepuce is elastic and might be retracted by gentle manipulations. In cases when the foreskin is trapped behind the glans penis and cannot be pulled back to normal position, paraphimosis is present and can be treated as a medical emergency by manual manipulation, or by dorsal slit (incision). Many studies have demonstrated that frequency of urinary tract infection increases in uncircumcised males and that is a reason for routine circumcision. The others are against routine circumcision. The contraindications are newborns, especially prematurely born, and congenital penile anomalies. Condition in which the frenulum of penis is short with consequent restriction of movement of the prepuce can be easily treated by frenulotomy. Hooded prepuce is a condition of incomplete circumferential formation of foreskin with a dorsal component present and ventral component absent. In cases without any penile anomalies this is only a cosmetically unattractive appearance and could be corrected by circumcision. Infection of the foreskin due to bacterial colonization could be both prevented and treated easily. However, an infection due to peno-preputial incisions in adolescent age is serious and has to be cured promptly. Conclusion. As a part of external genitalia, the foreskin has a lot of functions. Despite its natural role many advocates routine circumcision due to problematic condition that can develop. Routine circumcision is not generally recommended. Improved education for physicians and parents with regard to the foreskin development and management is required.

scholarly journals Urogenital Sinus with Mitrofanoff Procedure: Case Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Jeyamoni David ◽  
Menaka J. ◽  
Rajeswari Subramaniam ◽  
Malarvizhi Gnanam
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Clean Intermittent Catheterization ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Dmsa Scan

AbstractUrogenital sinus is a rare congenital anomaly. We reviewed a case of urogenital sinus anomaly in 6-year-old girl with recurrent urinary tract infection and small bladder capacity who was referred from another hospital in Coimbatore for further management. The external genitalia appeared normal, and an initial sonogram and repeat micturating cystourethrograms did not indicate any urogenital anomalies. She therefore underwent clean intermittent catheterization. Three years later the child underwent investigations like urodynamic study (UDS) and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan and cystoscopy, followed by ureteric implantation and Mitrofanoff procedure. The presentation of urogenital sinus anomaly with recurrent urinary tract infection is rare and the management is complex.

scholarly journals Duplication of the SOX3 gene in an sry-negative 46,XX male with associated congenital anomalies of kidneys and the urinary tract: Case report and review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Tasic ◽  
A Mitrotti ◽  
FG Riepe ◽  
AE Kulle ◽  
N Laban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Disorders Of Sex Development ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Gene Duplications ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Renal Malformations ◽  
Malformation Syndromes

AbstractDisorders of sex development (DSD) are a group of rare conditions characterized by discrepancy between chromosomal sex, gonads and external genitalia. Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract are often associated with DSD, mostly in multiple malformation syndromes. We describe the case of an 11-year-old Caucasian boy, with right kidney hypoplasia and hypospadias. Genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) analysis revealed a unique duplication of about 550 kb on chromosome Xq27, and a 46,XX karyotype, consistent with a sex reversal phenotype. This region includes multiple genes, and, among these, SOX3 emerged as the main phenotypic driver. This is the fifth case reporting a genomic imbalance involving the SOX3 gene in a 46,XX SRY-negative male, and the first with associated renal malformations. Our data provide plausible links between SOX3 gene dosage and kidney malformations. It is noteworthy that the current and reported SOX3 gene duplications are below the detection threshold of standard karyotypes and were found only by analyzing CNVs using DNA microarrays. Therefore, all 46,XX SRY-negative males should be screened for SOX3 gene duplications with DNA microarrays.

Isolated lymphoedema of the external genitalia

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
J. VAN DE WETERING DE ROOIJ ◽  
M. F. VAN DRIEL ◽  
P. H. ROBINSON ◽  
H. J. A. MENSINK
Keyword(s):  
External Genitalia
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document