scholarly journals Prepuce in boys and adolescents: What, when, and how?

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusanka Dobanovacki ◽  
Biljana Lucic-Prostran ◽  
Dragan Sarac ◽  
Jelena Antic ◽  
Mirjana Petkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Normal Position ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Manual Manipulation

Introduction. The prepuce envelops the glans as a variant of a mucocutaneous tissue presenting with a lot of functions, the most important of them being to protect the infant?s glans from feces and ammonia in diapers, to protect the glans from abrasions and trauma throughout life, and to provide sufficient skin in erection. Circumcision was recognized as a method of solving foreskin problems a long time before Christ. Practicing male circumcision in history was customary several thousand years ago and has spread worldwide. Today it depends on races, and it is often an initiation ceremony near the age of puberty. In everyday practice in pediatric urology outpatient department the foreskin problems have been noticed as a phimosis in 9.91% cases and prepuce adhesions in 3.98%. Congenital anomalies are present in different numbers. Other problems, such as paraphimosis, balanoposthitis, are recorded as accidental cases. Over-all prepuce pathology can be observed in 12%-25% of patients. The article presents a review of foreskin conditions, clinical manifestation, therapy and arguments for patient?s benefits. Clinical presentation. The term phimosis describes a foreskin that is unable to retract. It is necessary to distinguish normal anatomic situation in neonate and infantile period, when prepuce has not been separated yet from true pathologic phimosis due to fibrosis and sclerosis. Up to six years of age the tip of the prepuce is elastic and might be retracted by gentle manipulations. In cases when the foreskin is trapped behind the glans penis and cannot be pulled back to normal position, paraphimosis is present and can be treated as a medical emergency by manual manipulation, or by dorsal slit (incision). Many studies have demonstrated that frequency of urinary tract infection increases in uncircumcised males and that is a reason for routine circumcision. The others are against routine circumcision. The contraindications are newborns, especially prematurely born, and congenital penile anomalies. Condition in which the frenulum of penis is short with consequent restriction of movement of the prepuce can be easily treated by frenulotomy. Hooded prepuce is a condition of incomplete circumferential formation of foreskin with a dorsal component present and ventral component absent. In cases without any penile anomalies this is only a cosmetically unattractive appearance and could be corrected by circumcision. Infection of the foreskin due to bacterial colonization could be both prevented and treated easily. However, an infection due to peno-preputial incisions in adolescent age is serious and has to be cured promptly. Conclusion. As a part of external genitalia, the foreskin has a lot of functions. Despite its natural role many advocates routine circumcision due to problematic condition that can develop. Routine circumcision is not generally recommended. Improved education for physicians and parents with regard to the foreskin development and management is required.

Characteristics of bacterial colonization and urinary tract infection after indwelling of double-J ureteral stent

Urology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hyun Paick ◽  
Hyoung Keun Park ◽  
Seung-June Oh ◽  
Hyeon Hoe Kim
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Ureteral Stent

scholarly journals Clinicoetiological profile of urinary tract infection in pediatric population in a teaching hospital in south India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1958
Author(s):  
Poornima Venugopal ◽  
Carol Sara Cherian ◽  
Pooja Raghunath
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Causative Microorganism ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections seen in children. A wide range of organisms with varying antibiotic sensitivity patterns have been known to cause UTI. The objective of the study was to analyse the clinical presentation of UTI in children between 1-month to15 years of age and to analyse the causative microorganism and their drug susceptibility in UTI in children between 1 month to 15 years of age.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a teaching hospital in Kerala, between July 2018 and June 2020 among children 1 month to 15 years of age who presented with symptoms of UTI. Patients who had culture positive UTI were included in the study. Clinical data was obtained from inpatient and outpatient records. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done for positive urine culture by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 16.Results: Of the 1057 urine samples analysed, 18.44% had significant bacteuria. 43.07% were children less than one year of age with male predominance. Fever and dysuria were the most common clinical presentation. E. coli was the most prevalent pathogen isolated followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Enterococcus faecalis was the only gram-positive bacilli isolated. Highest resistance was shown to ampicillin, third generation cephalosporins and co-trimoxazole. Least resistance was shown to nitrofurantoin, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, piperacillin- tazobactam and carbapenems.Conclusions: Regular surveillance programme is necessary for implementation of guidelines for empiric treatment of UTI.

scholarly journals Copper Is a Host Effector Mobilized to Urine during Urinary Tract Infection To Impair Bacterial Colonization

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda N. Hyre ◽  
Kylie Kavanagh ◽  
Nancy D. Kock ◽  
George L. Donati ◽  
Sargurunathan Subashchandrabose
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Urinary Copper ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

ABSTRACT Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a major global infectious disease affecting millions of people annually. Human urinary copper (Cu) content is elevated during UTI caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC upregulates the expression of Cu efflux genes during clinical UTI in patients as an adaptive response to host-derived Cu. Whether Cu is mobilized to urine as a host response to UTI and its role in protection against UTI remain unresolved. To address these questions, we tested the hypothesis that Cu is a host effector mobilized to urine during UTI to limit bacterial growth. Our results reveal that Cu is mobilized to urine during UTI caused by the major uropathogens Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, in addition to UPEC, in humans. Ceruloplasmin, a Cu-containing ferroxidase, is found at higher levels in UTI urine than in healthy control urine and serves as the molecular source of urinary Cu during UTI. Our results demonstrate that ceruloplasmin decreases the bioavailability of iron in urine by a transferrin-dependent mechanism. Experimental UTI with UPEC in nonhuman primates recapitulates the increased urinary Cu content observed during clinical UTI. Furthermore, Cu-deficient mice are highly colonized by UPEC, indicating that Cu is involved in the limiting of bacterial growth within the urinary tract. Collectively, our results indicate that Cu is a host effector that is involved in protection against pathogen colonization of the urinary tract. Because urinary Cu levels are amenable to modulation, augmentation of the Cu-based host defense against UTI represents a novel approach to limiting bacterial colonization during UTI.

scholarly journals Clinical, Etiological and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection in a Western Hemisphere of Baghdad

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
Naser S Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Positive Urine Culture ◽  
Positive Urine

Background: In majority of community-acquired urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) cases, physicians can prescribe empirical therapy without a pretreatment urine culture especially in resource poor settings, where the cost of urine culture is more than cost of treatment itself. Objective: With growing problem of drug resistance globally as well as data on CA-UTI in Iraq are scare. We conduct this study to analyze clinical presentation, etiology and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria causing community acquired urinary tract infection (CA-UTI). Material and Methods: Outpatients urine cultures and clinical presentations were collected from April 2012 to October 2012. A positive urine culture was defined as growth of a single bacteria with colony count of more than 100,000 CFU/ml and disk diffusion technique was performed to determine antibiotics susceptibility of isolated bacteria species. Clinical symptoms, causative uropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity were recorded. Results: Of 299 urine cultures processed, a positive urine culture was detected in 100 subjects. Dysuria and bladder irritability (frequency and urgency) were the most common clinical presentation. 39% of isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus strains (30%). The isolated uropathogens showed a substantial sensitivity reduction to most of test antibiotics. Conclusion: Clinical presentation had a minor role in diagnosis of CA-UTI and this study revealed that E. coli and Staphylococcus strains were most prevalent isolated uropathogens. Susceptibility test showed there was a high sensitivity to nitrofurantoin, amikacin and imipenem.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(4) 2015 p.352-358

scholarly journals Isolated gross haematuria: A rare clinical presentation in neonate with urinary tract infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-106
Author(s):  
Pawana Kayastha ◽  
Rydam Basnet ◽  
Ramesh Kant Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Male Baby ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gross Haematuria ◽  
Culture Positive

Gross haematuria is uncommon in the fi rst month of life and etiologies of haematuria in the newborn is different from those in older children. we reported a six days old term male baby who was brought by parents with isolated complain of red colored urine for one day and his mother had culture positive urinary tract infection prior to delivery. The baby was diagnosed to have culture positive urinary tract infection. Our fi ndings suggest the diversity of clinical presentation of urinary tract infection in neonates and also some relationship between the history of urinary tract infection in mother and occurrence of urinary tract infection in neonate.

Awareness and practices of menstrual hygiene among females of reproductive age in rural Puducherry – a mixed method study

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Chandar ◽  
Yamini Vaishnavi ◽  
Shanthosh Priyan ◽  
Ganesh Kumar S
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physiological Process ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Hygiene Practices

Abstract Background Menstruation is a physiological process. Unfortunately, there is substantial lacuna in knowledge related to menstrual hygiene among females. Objectives To assess the awareness and prevailing practices of menstrual hygiene, prevalence of symptoms related to genito-urinary tract infection, and the factors influencing menstrual hygiene practices, among women of reproductive age in rural Puducherry. Methodology The study was conducted in March 2017 in rural Puducherry adopting a mixed-methods approach. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used for a quantitative survey among 357 women of reproductive age. Qualitative data was collected through focused group discussions (FGDs). Results The mean age of the participants was 28.25 + 9.25 years. Thirty-three percent of the respondents had menstrual knowledge prior to menarche. A total of 90.8% were aware that menstruation is a physiological process. The majority of respondents 94.1%, used sanitary napkins as absorbents during menstruation and 60.7% of them changed it 3 times a day. Regarding the method of disposal, 47.6% participants threw it into the routine waste and 43.8% burnt it after use. Among 8.9% of cloth users 62.5% used a new cloth for each cycle and 37.5% of respondents washed and reused the cloth. Satisfactory cleaning of external genitalia was practised by 62.2%. Only 11.2% respondents had symptoms related to genito-urinary tract infection. From FGDs it was observed that the several socio-cultural factors and taboos restrict them from practising safe menstrual hygiene practices. Conclusion Our study has revealed that most of the females are still unaware of menstrual hygienic practices which suggest the need for appropriate health intervention measures to be implemented for their well-being.

scholarly journals Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: Presentation and surgical complications.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1391-1395
Author(s):  
Salahuddin ◽  
Masha Khan ◽  
Muhammad Anwar ◽  
Ali Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Surgical Complications ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Radiological Finding ◽  
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Case Series Study

To review & evaluate the clinical presentation & surgical complications of Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis (XGP). Objectives: XGP is usually considered as an uncommon destructive chronic inflammatory disease of the kidney. The disease is usually diagnosed only on postoperative histopathological reports of the surgically excised tissues and has given less emphasis on preoperative diagnosis. We retrospectively reviewed biopsy proven diagnosed cases of XGP over the past 7 years, with a specific emphasis on preoperative clinical presentation of the patients, to help improve the preoperative diagnosis of XGP. Study Design: Case Series study. Setting: Department of Urology Sandeman Provincial Teaching Hospital Quetta. Period: 7 years July, 2011 to June, 2018. Material & Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all biopsy proven cases of XGP who underwent surgery in the department of Urology of a tertiary care hospital from July, 2011 to June, 2018 regarding clinical characteristics, laboratory & radiological finding, interoperate & postoperative complications. Results: There were 42 patients of XGP. The mean age was 49.8+-16.04 years. Male & female percentage was 40.50 & 59.50 respectively. Majority (88.1%) of patients were of low socio-economic status. The most common presentation was flank pain in 100% patients. Fever & dysuria in 64.28%, anorexia in 85.71% and weight loss in 83.33%. In laboratory findings, pyuria was present 88.09%, anemia in 71.42%, azotemia & abnormal liver enzymes in 14.29% each. The most common associated conditions were renal calculi in 83.33% and diabetes in 47.61%. The commonest organism isolated on culture was E-Coli in 35.48%. Intra-operatively excessive bleeding occurred in 3(7.14%), including one with tear of inferior vena cava. Two patients suffered colonic injury & another one pleural injury. Postoperatively the common complications were, wound infections in 8(19.04%) patients & Incisional hernia in 2(4.76%) patients. Conclusion: Urolithiasis and urinary tract infection are two well known risk factors for the development of XPN. Our experience in the present series, demonstrates that low socioeconomic status could be another risk factor for XPN. Early diagnosis and proper treatment of urolithiasis & urinary tract infection is important to prevent their complications including XGP.

scholarly journals Prevalence of microorganisms causing catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) among catheterised patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinoth M. ◽  
Prabagaravarthanan R. ◽  
Bhaskar M.
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Indian subjects, affecting all age groups. Bacteriuria orcandiduria is almost inevitable in nearly half of the patients who require an indwelling urinary catheter for more than 5 days. The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of CAUTI infection and to determine their antibiotic profileMethods: The present cross-sectional study included 50 patients admitted to medicine and surgery wards in our hospital. The urine from catheter is collected from each patient and subjected to culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing.Results: The prevalence of catheter associated urinary tract infection in our hospital is about 20% and asymptomatic bacterial colonization is 50% which is nearequal to Danchaivijitr S et al study. The common pathogens found in this study are Escherichia coli (22%), Klebsiella (18%), Enterobacter (8%), Staph. aureus (6%) which include MRSA (4%), Pseudomonas (6%), Enterococcus (4%), Candida sps. (4%) Andproteus (2%).Conclusions: CAUTI has low prevalence 20% and asymptomatic colonisation 50% in our hospital with common pathogen being Escherichia coli. It is one of the important notable pathogen causing nosocomial infection among admitted patients. The patients present mainly as asymptomatic bacterial colonisation and risk of CAUTI increases with longer duration of catheterisation. All patients those who had catheter for more than 6 days, aged 60 and above, should be checked for UTI symptoms. And their urine should be cultured regularly in order to diagnose and prevent CAUTI and its complications which are very dangerous and difficult to treat.

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