Validated Alternative Methods Available for Human Health Safety Assessment of Cosmetic Products and Their Ingredients in the European Union

2014 ◽  
pp. 661-678
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Health Safety

scholarly journals Synthesis of Deuterated Surrogate Standards for the Analysis of Legally Regulated Substances in Cosmetics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariña Beatriz ◽  
Carlos González ◽  
Manuel Lolo ◽  
F. Javier Sardina
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Musk Xylene ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Musk Ambrette

<p>The presence of harmful substances in cosmetic products is regulated in most countries. In the European Union the Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009 lays down the requirements for the marketing of cosmetic products. Among others, important families of compounds restricted in the Regulation are musks, allergenic fragrances and phthalates. To ensure product safety, improved analytical methods capable of reliably and reproducibly detecting the presence of traces of prohibited and/or restricted ingredients in raw materials and finished products are required. </p> <p>For the continuous improvement of the reliability of the analytical methods developed to check the compliance of cosmetic products with the Regulation, the use of appropriate surrogate standards or contaminants (substances that are added to the samples to be analyzed to establish the recovery and the reproducibility of the quantification of the analytes) are of utmost importance. One of the best kinds of surrogate standards are isotopically labeled analogs of the analytes of interest. In this work, several synthetic methods have been developed to prepare isotopically labeled analogs of atranol, chloroatranol, di-n-octylphthalate, musk xylene, and musk ambrette, which are restricted substances in cosmetic articles.</p>

A Critical Assessment of the European Commission's Proposals for the Risk Assessment and Registration of Chemical Substances in the European Union

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Combes ◽  
Jennifer Dandrea ◽  
Michael Balls
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
European Union ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Chemicals Policy

In May, 2003, the European Commission published detailed proposals relating to its 2001 White Paper – Strategy for a Future Chemicals Policy. The White Paper described a new registration system called the REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) system, for both new and existing chemicals. Subsequently, these detailed proposals were available for an eight-week consultation period for stakeholders to voice their views and concerns. In this paper, we describe our reactions to the Commission's more-detailed proposals. These include the creation of a European Chemicals Agency to implement the REACH system in conjunction with Competent Authorities (CAs) in Member States and the Commission itself. Unfortunately, many of our concerns and suggestions, previously voiced and shared with several other key stakeholders, remain unanswered, but are as relevant as when the White Paper was published. In particular, we are concerned about the lack of a clear and coherent strategy. There is no guidance for registrants on intelligent testing to maximise the use of non-animal approaches to safety testing, based on a combination of factors for estimating exposure levels, rather than mainly on production volumes. We are also concerned about the absence of a clear programme for the development, improvement and validation of new alternative methods, in conjunction with the Commission's own unit, the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods, as well as other organisations with relevant expertise and experience, including FRAME. Finally, we explain why such measures should be introduced, together with clearer guidelines for the respective roles of the Agency, the CAs and the Commission in implementing and harmonising the REACH system at the European Union and Member State levels. A series of recommendations are made, to improve the situation and to improve the risk assessment process.

scholarly journals The Warming Climate Aggravates Atmospheric Nitrogen Pollution in Australia

Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yi Sun ◽  
Baojing Gu ◽  
Hans J. M. van Grinsven ◽  
Stefan Reis ◽  
Shu Kee Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Health Cost ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
The Usa

Australia is a warm country with well-developed agriculture and a highly urbanized population. How these specific features impact the nitrogen cycle, emissions, and consequently affect environmental and human health is not well understood. Here, we find that the ratio of reactive nitrogen (Nr) losses to air over losses to water in Australia is 1.6 as compared to values less than 1.1 in the USA, the European Union, and China. Australian Nr emissions to air increased by more than 70% between 1961 and 2013, from 1.2 Tg N yr-1 to 2.1 Tg N yr-1. Previous emissions were substantially underestimated mainly due to neglecting the warming climate. The estimated health cost from atmospheric Nr emissions in Australia is 4.6 billion US dollars per year. Emissions of Nr to the environment are closely correlated with economic growth, and reduction of Nr losses to air is a priority for sustainable development in Australia.

scholarly journals Conventional and alternative nitrocellulose stabilisers used in gun propellants

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Gańczyk-Specjalska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Volatile Products ◽  
Gun Propellants ◽  
Better Than

The European Union industry must adapt to the requirements of the REACH regulations, which aim to improve human health and to protect the environment by using less toxic chemicals. The technology for producing nitrocellulose propellants utilises stabilisers that bond volatile products with autocatalytic properties of nitroester degradation. During this process, N-nitroso derivatives are formed, which exhibit toxic/carcinogenic properties. Moreover, some of the impurities found in stabilisers are characterised by toxic properties (e.g. in diphenylamine). In recent years, intensive research has been carried out on alternative nitrocellulose stabilisers with properties similar to or better than conventional stabilisers. The published studies on this subject mainly present research on chromatographic analysis, evaluation of stability using various methods and thermochemical analysis.

Hormonal Confusion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Kabat
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Environmental Estrogens ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

In the early 1990s concern emerged that hormonal compounds present in small amounts in food and water – “environmental estrogens” -- could be having subtle effects on human health and wildlife. This concern led to the formulation of the “endocrine-disruption hypothesis,” which has received widespread attention. Over twenty years of research have shown that environmental exposures to these substances is generally minute and are dwarfed by hormonal (phytoestrogenic) compounds in food, as well as by hormone therapy used by some women. Nevertheless, the issue of “endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the environment” is currently under debate within the European Union and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Strategic Goals of the European Union in Managing Health Safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Magdalena Bsoul-Kopowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Member States ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Health Programmes

AbstractWith contemporary challenges and threats, health safety is more and more often taken into account in various European safety and health programmes. The European Union plays an important role in the improvement of public health, prevention and treatment of diseases, reduction in the number of sources of hazards to human health, and alignment of health strategies between member states. This paper presents the problems related to the management of health safety in the European Union. Furthermore, based on the analysis of EU documents, the strategic objectives of health safety management in member states were enumerated, with examples of coordination, cooperation and exchange of practices.

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