- A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANATOMIC STRUCTURE OF BIOINDICATIVE PLANTS

2014 ◽  
pp. 136-147
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Anatomic Structure

scholarly journals Hygroscopicity and composition of Alaskan Arctic CCN during April 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 21789-21834
Author(s):  
R. H. Moore ◽  
R. Bahreini ◽  
C. A. Brock ◽  
K. D. Froyd ◽  
J. Cozic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Alaskan Arctic ◽  
Air Mass Types ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. We present a comprehensive characterization of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) sampled in the Alaskan Arctic during the 2008 Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project, a component of the POLARCAT and International Polar Year (IPY) initiatives. Four distinct air mass types were sampled including relatively pristine Arctic background conditions as well as biomass burning and anthropogenic pollution plumes. Despite differences in chemical composition, inferred aerosol hygroscopicities were fairly invariant and ranged from κ = 0.1–0.3 over the atmospherically-relevant range of water vapor supersaturations studied. Analysis of the individual mass spectral m/z 43 and 44 peaks from an aerosol mass spectrometer show the organic aerosols sampled to be well-oxygenated, consistent with with long-range transport and aerosol aging processes. However, inferred hygroscopicities are less than would be predicted based on previous parameterizations of biogenic oxygenated organic aerosol, suggesting an upper limit on organic aerosol hygroscopicity above which κ is less sensitive to the O:C ratio. Most Arctic aerosol act as CCN above 0.1 % supersaturation, although the data suggest the presence of an externally-mixed, non-CCN-active mode comprising approximately 0–20 % of the aerosol number. CCN closure was assessed using measured size distributions, bulk chemical composition measurements, and assumed aerosol mixing states; CCN predictions tended toward overprediction, with the best agreement (± 0–20 %) obtained by assuming the aerosol to be externally-mixed with soluble organics. Closure also varied with CCN concentration, and the best agreement was found for CCN concentrations above 100 cm−3 with a 1.5- to 3-fold overprediction at lower concentrations.

scholarly journals Reveal appraisement level of anthropogenic pollution on the basis of geochemistry studying the interstitial waters of marine and freshwater sediments

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Gursky
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Interstitial Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Place Studies ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Secondary Contamination ◽  
Interstitial Waters

The chemical composition of interstitial waters from several of inland seas and NPWS, exposed to anthropogenic pollution. The regularities of distribution of pollution in the Dnieper-Bug estuary and Gelendzhik Bay of the Black sea in the Eastern Harbor of Alexandria Mediterranean Sea. Most of the contamination confines to the upper layers of sediments and near mouth zones. A significant role is played by secondary contamination related to the dissolution and accumulation of metals and nutrients in the interstitial water and their migration in the water column. When factor analysis for the aggregate impact of potentially mobile forms of metals in the Diepr-Bug estuary factor of anthropogenic pollution came in first place. Studies pollution in the Pjasino Lake near town Norilsk.

scholarly journals Sub-weekly cycle uncovers the hidden link of 1 atmospheric pollution to Kawasaki Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Rodo ◽  
Albert Navarro Gallinad ◽  
Tomoko Kojima ◽  
Joan Ballester ◽  
Silvia Borras
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Aerodynamic Diameter ◽  
Weekly Cycle ◽  
Particle Arrival ◽  
First Time

Anthropogenic pollution has frequently been linked to myriad human ailments despite clear mechanistic links are yet lacking, a fact that severely downgraded its actual relevance. Now a prominent unnoticed sub-weekly cycle (SWC) of 3.5 days is uncovered in the long-term epidemiological records of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Japan, a mysterious vasculitis of yet unknown origin. After ruling out the effect of reporting biases, the analysis of Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) atmospheric profiles further confirms that this variability is linked to atmospheric particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 1 micron. SWC accounts for 20% of the variance in KD and its contribution is stable throughout the entire epidemiological record dating back to 1970, both at the prefecture level and for entire Japan. KD maxima in 2010-2016 always occur in full synchrony with LIDAR particle arrival in diverse locations such as Tokyo, Toyama and Tsukuba as well as for the entire of Japan. Rapid intrusion of aerosols from heights up to 6km to the surface is observed with KD admissions co-varying with their metal chemical composition. While regional intensity of winds has not changed in the interval 1979-2015, our study instead points for the first time to increased anthropogenic pollution as a necessary co-factor in the occurrence of KD and sets the field to associate other similar human vasculitis.

scholarly journals Contaminant Emissions As Indicators of Chemical Elements in The Snow Along a Latitudinal Gradient in Southern Andes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Pizarro ◽  
Pablo Vergara ◽  
Sergio Cerda ◽  
Raul Cordero ◽  
Ximena Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Latitudinal Transect ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Particulate Contaminants

Abstract The chemical composition of snow provides insights on atmospheric transport of anthropogenic contaminants at different spatial scales. In this study, we assess how human activities influence the concentration of elements in the Andean mountain snow along a latitudinal transect throughout Chile. The concentration of seven elements (Al, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn and Zn) was associated to gaseous and particulate contaminants emitted at different spatial scales. Our results indicate carbon monoxide (CO) averaged at 20 km and nitrogen oxide (NOx) at 40 km as the main indicators of the chemical elements analyzed. CO was found to be a significant predictor of most element concentrations while concentrations of Cu, Mn, Mg and Zn were positively associated to emissions of NOx. Emission of 2.5 mm and 10 mm particulate matter averaged at different spatial scales was positively associated to concentration of Li. Finally, the concentration of Zn was positively associated to volatile organic compounds (VOC) averaged at 40 km around sampling sites. The association between air contaminants and chemical composition of snow suggests that regions with intensive anthropogenic pollution face reduced quality of freshwater originated from glacier and snow melting.

scholarly journals Hygroscopicity and composition of Alaskan Arctic CCN during April 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 11807-11825 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Moore ◽  
R. Bahreini ◽  
C. A. Brock ◽  
K. D. Froyd ◽  
J. Cozic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Bulk Chemical ◽  
International Polar ◽  
Alaskan Arctic ◽  
Air Mass Types ◽  
Mixing States

Abstract. We present a comprehensive characterization of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) sampled in the Alaskan Arctic during the 2008 Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project, a component of the POLARCAT and International Polar Year (IPY) initiatives. Four distinct air mass types were sampled including a cleaner Arctic background and a relatively pristine sea ice boundary layer as well as biomass burning and anthropogenic pollution plumes. Despite differences in chemical composition, inferred aerosol hygroscopicities were fairly invariant and ranged from κ = 0.1–0.3 over the atmospherically-relevant range of water vapor supersaturations studied. Organic aerosols sampled were found to be well-oxygenated, consistent with long-range transport and aerosol aging processes. However, inferred hygroscopicities are less than would be predicted based on previous parameterizations of biogenic oxygenated organic aerosol, suggesting an upper limit on organic aerosol hygroscopicity above which κ is less sensitive to the O:C ratio. Most Arctic aerosols act as CCN above 0.1 % supersaturation, although the data suggest the presence of an externally-mixed, non-CCN-active mode comprising approximately 0–20% of the aerosol number. CCN closure was assessed using measured size distributions, bulk chemical composition, and assumed aerosol mixing states; CCN predictions tended toward overprediction, with the best agreement (±0–20 %) obtained by assuming the aerosol to be externally-mixed with soluble organics. Closure also varied with CCN concentration, and the best agreement was found for CCN concentrations above 100 cm−3 with a 1.5- to 3-fold overprediction at lower concentrations.

scholarly journals Arctic Freshwater Environment Altered by the Accumulation of Commonly Determined and Potentially New POPs

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
Klaudia Kosek ◽  
Marek Ruman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Accumulation Of Pollutants ◽  
Surrounding Landscape

Chemical composition of Arctic freshwater ecosystems depends on several factors. They include characteristics of the surrounding landscape, its lithology, geomorphology, vegetation, and hydrological features, as well as accumulation of anthropogenic pollution. In the Arctic, the problem of environmental contamination is widespread. That is why research on lakes and river catchments in terms of their chemical composition has enjoyed increasing interest among scientists worldwide. The freshwater reservoirs of the Arctic are fragile and particularly vulnerable to the uptake of pollutants that become trapped in the water and sediments for an extended period. This review summarises selected studies of freshwater bodies in the Arctic to highlight the problem of the accumulation of pollutants in these reservoirs. Moreover, it emphasises the possible negative impact of chemical pollutants on both animal and human health.

Determination of geochemical backgroud of waters of Kola Peninsula in order to decrease anthropogenic pollution in analysed area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Moroniak-Wawryszuk ◽  
Mateusz Wawryszuk ◽  
Stanisław Chmiel ◽  
Miłosz Huber ◽  
Paweł Kramarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water

<p>In this study the geochemical background of waters of Kola Peninsula in the context of decreasing the athropogenic pollution in that region was indicated. The study was conducted on 14 water samples from different phases of hydrological cycle- precipitation water, snow-melting water, ground water, river water, lake water, sea water; also 12 samples of rocks and soils were used. pH of waters, conductivity, isotopic ratio of δ18O i δD, concentration of ions (anions and cations) along with metal ions were analysed. For conductivity measure InoLab 1 (WTW) was used, cations and anions were indicated by ions chromatograph (Metrohm MIC 3), metal ions were indicated by spectrometer ICP-MS (Thermo Xseries2). Laser analyzer PICARRO L2130 was used for defining the isotopic ratio of δ18O i δD. Soils and rocks samples were analysed using scanning electrone microscope (Hitachi SU6600) with EDS add-on and spectroscope XRF Epsilon 3 (Pananalytical).</p><p>The study showed significant impact of bedrock and soils on ion composition of waters in different locations in Kola Peninsula in example on several geogenical metal ions of P, F, Cl, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, S. Chemical composition of water backround is strictly related to polymetalic rocks and metal ores of the Baltic Shield which build analysed area. The waters' richness in alkali minerals is due to alkaline bedrock occuring in numerous areas of Kola Peninsula. The content of metal ions like Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd in numerous water samples indicates severe anthropogenic influence on water composition which can be especially noticed in the composition of surface water affected by the nearby heavy industry plants thus pollution of surface water.</p><p>Analisys of water samples proves significant impact of geological structure on chemical composition of water and should be considered in reclamation of natural environment of Kola Peninsula from anthropogenic pollution.</p>

scholarly journals Contaminant emissions as indicators of chemical elements in the snow along a latitudinal gradient in southern Andes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Pizarro ◽  
Pablo M. Vergara ◽  
Sergio Cerda ◽  
Raúl R. Cordero ◽  
Ximena Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Latitudinal Transect ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Particulate Contaminants

AbstractThe chemical composition of snow provides insights on atmospheric transport of anthropogenic contaminants at different spatial scales. In this study, we assess how human activities influence the concentration of elements in the Andean mountain snow along a latitudinal transect throughout Chile. The concentration of seven elements (Al, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn and Zn) was associated to gaseous and particulate contaminants emitted at different spatial scales. Our results indicate carbon monoxide (CO) averaged at 20 km and nitrogen oxide (NOx) at 40 km as the main indicators of the chemical elements analyzed. CO was found to be a significant predictor of most element concentrations while concentrations of Cu, Mn, Mg and Zn were positively associated to emissions of NOx. Emission of 2.5 μm and 10 μm particulate matter averaged at different spatial scales was positively associated to concentration of Li. Finally, the concentration of Zn was positively associated to volatile organic compounds (VOC) averaged at 40 km around sampling sites. The association between air contaminants and chemical composition of snow suggests that regions with intensive anthropogenic pollution face reduced quality of freshwater originated from glacier and snow melting.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

On the Inhomogeneity of Chemical Composition over the Surface of 21 Per

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 343-349
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Glagolevsky ◽  
K.I. Kozlova ◽  
V.S. Lebedev ◽  
N.S. Polosukhina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Spectral Line ◽  
Variable Star ◽  
Radial Velocities ◽  
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
Magnetic Variable

SummaryThe magnetic variable star 21 Per has been studied from 4 and 8 Å/mm spectra obtained with the 2.6 - meter reflector of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Spectral line intensities (Wλ) and radial velocities (Vr) have been measured.

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