Stem Cells During Tooth Development

2014 ◽  
pp. 378-393
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tooth Development

scholarly journals Jawbone microenvironment promotes periodontium regeneration by regulating the function of periodontal ligament stem cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Wenjia Liu ◽  
Yihan Liu ◽  
Xicong Zhao ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Cell Aggregates ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Mineralized Matrix

AbstractDuring tooth development, the jawbone interacts with dental germ and provides the development microenvironment. Jawbone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (JBMSCs) maintain this microenvironment for root and periodontium development. However, the effect of the jawbone microenvironment on periodontium tissue regeneration is largely elusive. Our previous study showed that cell aggregates (CAs) of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promoted periodontium regeneration on the treated dentin scaffold. Here, we found that JBMSCs enhanced not only the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) but also their adhesion to titanium (Ti) material surface. Importantly, the compound CAs of PDLSCs and JBMSCs regenerated periodontal ligament-like fibers and mineralized matrix on the Ti scaffold surface, both in nude mice ectopic and minipig orthotopic transplantations. Our data revealed that an effective regenerative microenvironment, reconstructed by JBMSCs, promoted periodontium regeneration by regulating PDLSCs function on the Ti material.

scholarly journals In Vivo Evaluation of Decellularized Human Tooth Scaffold for Dental Tissue Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8472
Author(s):  
Ik-Hwan Kim ◽  
Mijeong Jeon ◽  
Kyounga Cheon ◽  
Sun Ha Kim ◽  
Han-Sung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Human Tooth ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

Conventional root canal treatment may result in loss of tooth vitality, which can lead to unfavorable treatment outcomes. Notably, a ceased tooth development of immature permanent teeth with open apices, regeneration of periodontal ligaments (PDL), and pulp is highly expected healing process. For regeneration, the scaffold is one of the critical components that carry biological benefits. Therefore, this study evaluated a decellularized human tooth as a scaffold for the PDL and pulp tissue regeneration. A tooth scaffold was fabricated using an effective decellularization method as reported in previous studies. PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) obtained from human permanent teeth were inoculated onto decellularized scaffolds, then cultured to transplant into immunosuppressed mouse. After 9 weeks, PDLSCs and DPSCs that were inoculated onto decellularized tooth scaffolds and cultured in an in vivo demonstrated successful differentiation. In PDLSCs, a regeneration of the cementum/PDL complex could be expected. In DPSCs, the expression of genes related to revascularization and the hard tissue regeneration showed the possibility of pulp regeneration. This study suggested that the potential possible application of decellularized human tooth could be a scaffold in regeneration PDL and pulp tissue along with PDLSCs and DPSCs, respectively, as a novel treatment method.

Whole-tooth tissue engineering: lessons from development

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-86
Author(s):  
Alastair J Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Natural Tissue ◽  
Bio Engineering

In an era of regenerative medicine, dentistry can be at the forefront due to the restorative procedures dental practitioners currently use. Orthopaedic practice encourages tissue regeneration through guided tissue regeneration and long term programmes of research on dental tissue regeneration have allowed us to develop a mechanistic understanding of the biological processes underpinning the key events during caries-induced natural tissue regeneration. These may be translated into novel therapies, which will improve on the relatively empirical traditional dental restorative approaches. Tissue engineering solutions for dental disease offer exciting and realistic opportunities and recent reports of bio-engineering of tooth structures and dental tissue regeneration have opened the way for exploitation of these technologies. Engineering of a whole ‘bio-tooth’ and its clinical application may be achievable in the longer term while exploitation of the natural reparative ability of the dentine-pulp complex is leading to significant advances in providing more translational solutions to address the effects of dental disease. Stem cells from the dental pulp have been extensively studied as a source for tooth regeneration but the use of stem cells from bone marrow and embryonic stem cells has demonstrated the possibility of generating teeth from non-dental cells by carefully mimicking the mechanisms observed during embryonic development. There are many challenges ahead but by a careful understanding of both the cell and the molecular biology underpinning tooth development, dentine repair, and the role of stem cells in these processes, tissue-engineered teeth could be a choice for replacement of missing teeth.

Stem Cells in Tooth Development, Growth, Repair, and Regeneration

2015 ◽  
pp. 187-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Yu ◽  
Ana Angelova Volponi ◽  
Rebecca Babb ◽  
Zhengwen An ◽  
Paul T. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tooth Development

scholarly journals Differentiation and Establishment of Dental Epithelial-Like Stem Cells Derived from Human ESCs and iPSCs

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gee-Hye Kim ◽  
Jihye Yang ◽  
Dae-Hyun Jeon ◽  
Ji-Hye Kim ◽  
Geun Young Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Human Escs

Tooth development and regeneration occur through reciprocal interactions between epithelial and ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells. However, the current studies on tooth development are limited, since epithelial stem cells are relatively difficult to obtain and maintain. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) may be alternative options for epithelial cell sources. To differentiate hESCs/hiPSCs into dental epithelial-like stem cells, this study investigated the hypothesis that direct interactions between pluripotent stem cells, such as hESCs or hiPSCs, and Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath/epithelial rests of Malassez (HERS/ERM) cell line may induce epithelial differentiation. Epithelial-like stem cells derived from hES (EPI-ES) and hiPSC (EPI-iPSC) had morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of HERS/ERM cells, as well as similar gene expression. To overcome a rare population and insufficient expansion of primary cells, EPI-iPSC was immortalized with the SV40 large T antigen. The immortalized EPI-iPSC cell line had a normal karyotype, and a short tandem repeat (STR) analysis verified that it was derived from hiPSCs. The EPI-iPSC cell line co-cultured with dental pulp stem cells displayed increased amelogenic and odontogenic gene expression, exhibited higher dentin sialoprotein (DSPP) protein expression, and promoted mineralized nodule formation. These results indicated that the direct co-culture of hESCs/hiPSCs with HERS/ERM successfully established dental epithelial-like stem cells. Moreover, this differentiation protocol could help with understanding the functional roles of cell-to-cell communication and tissue engineering of teeth.

Role of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve in Rodent Lower Incisor Stem Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 954-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hayano ◽  
Y. Fukui ◽  
N. Kawanabe ◽  
K. Kono ◽  
M. Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Cell Homeostasis ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Cell Ratio

In developing teeth, the sequential and reciprocal interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues promote stem/progenitor cell differentiation. However, the origin of the stem/progenitor cells has been the subject of considerable debate. According to recent studies, mesenchymal stem cells originate from periarterial cells and are regulated by neurons in various organs. The present study examined the role of innervation in tooth development and rodent incisor stem/progenitor cell homeostasis. Rodent incisors continuously grow throughout their lives, and the lower incisors are innervated by the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). In this study, we resected the IAN in adult rats, and the intact contralateral side served as a nonsurgical control. Sham control rats received the same treatment as the resected rats, except for the resection process. The extent of incisor eruption was measured, and both mesenchymal and epithelial stem/progenitor cells were visualized and compared between the IAN-resected and sham-operated groups. One week after surgery, the IAN-resected incisors exhibited a chalky consistency, and the eruption rate was decreased. Micro–computed tomography and histological analyses performed 4 wk after surgery revealed osteodentin formation, disorganized ameloblast layers, and reduced enamel thickness in the IAN-resected incisors. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a reduction in the CD90- and LRIG1-positive mesenchymal cell ratio in the IAN-resected incisors. However, the p40-positive epithelial stem/progenitor cell ratio was comparable between the 2 groups. Thus, mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell homeostasis is more related to IAN innervation than to epithelial stem/progenitor cells. Furthermore, sensory nerve innervation influences subsequent incisor growth and formation.

Oral Organoids: Progress and Challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452098380
Author(s):  
X. Gao ◽  
Y. Wu ◽  
L. Liao ◽  
W. Tian
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Tongue Cancer ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
3 Dimensional

Oral organoids are complex 3-dimensional structures that develop from stem cells or organ-specific progenitors through a process of self-organization and re-create architectures and functionalities similar to in vivo organs and tissues in the oral and maxillofacial region. Recently, striking advancements have been made in the construction and application of oral organoids of the tooth, salivary gland, and tongue. Dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells isolated from tooth germs or derived from pluripotent stem cells could generate tooth germ–like organoids by self-organization in a specific culture system. Tooth organoids can also be constructed based on tissue engineering principles by seeding stem cells on a scaffold with the bioregulatory functions of odontogenic differentiation. Two main approaches have been used to construct salivary gland organoids: 1) incubation of salivary gland–derived stem/progenitor cells in a 3-dimensional culture system to form the structure of the gland through mimicking regenerative processes and 2) inducing of pluripotent stem cells to generate embryonic salivary glands by replicating the development process. Taste bud organoids can be generated by embedding isolated circumvallate papilla tissue in Matrigel with a mixture of growth factors, while lingual epithelial organoids have been constructed using lingual stem cells in a suitable culture system containing specific signaling molecules. These oral organoids usually maintain the main functions and characteristic structures of the corresponding organ to a certain extent. Furthermore, using cells isolated from patients, oral organoids could replicate specific diseases such as maxillofacial tumors and tooth dysplasia. Until now, oral organoids have been applied in the study of mechanisms of tooth development, pathology and regeneration of the salivary gland, and precision therapeutics for tongue cancer. These findings strongly demonstrate that the organoid technique is a novel paradigm for the study of the development, pathology, and regeneration of oral and maxillofacial tissue.

scholarly journals Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cell: Its role in tooth development, types, surface antigens and differentiation potential

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohanna Feter ◽  
Nadhia Sari Afiana ◽  
Jessica Nathalia Chandra ◽  
Kharima Abdullah ◽  
Jasmine Shafira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell

Reciprocal interaction between oral ectodermal epithelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived from the cranial neural crest starts the teeth development. The role of dental MSCs continues throughout life. The dental MSCs do not only play a role in tooth development but also in tooth homeostasis and repair. There are many kinds of dental MSCs, such as dental pulp stem cell (DPSC), stem cell from apical papilla (SCAP), stem cell from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) and stem cell from dental follicle (DFSC). Aligned with the proposed criteria by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT), dental MSCs are adherent cells and like other MSCs, dental tissue MSCs are capable of giving rise to cell lineages such as osteo/odontogenic, adipogenic, and neurogenic. Various surface antigens of dental MSCs were reported, however, mostly typical antigens suggested by ISCT were fulfilled. Surface antigens from each dental MSCs (DPSC, SCAP, SHED, PDLSC and DFSC) are being described in the current report.Keywords: dental stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, tissue regeneration, DPSC, SCAP, SHED, PDLSC, DFSC

scholarly journals TWIST1 Promotes the Odontoblast-like Differentiation of Dental Stem Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
Y. Lu ◽  
I. Maciejewska ◽  
K.M. Galler ◽  
A. Cavender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Lineage Specification ◽  
Ex Vivo Gene Therapy ◽  
Dentin Matrix

Stem cells derived from the dental pulp of extracted human third molars (DPSCs) have the potential to differentiate into odontoblasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and neural cells when provided with the appropriate conditions. To advance the use of DPSCs for dentin regeneration, it is important to replicate the permissive signals that drive terminal events in odontoblast differentiation during tooth development. Such a strategy is likely to restore a dentin matrix that more resembles the tubular nature of primary dentin. Due to the limitations of culture conditions, the use of ex vivo gene therapy to drive the terminal differentiation of mineralizing cells holds considerable promise. In these studies, we asked whether the forced expression of TWIST1 in DPSCs could alter the potential of these cells to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells. Since the partnership between Runx2 and Twist1 proteins is known to control the onset of osteoblast terminal differentiation, we hypothesized that these genes act to control lineage determination of DPSCs. For the first time, our results showed that Twist1 overexpression in DPSCs enhanced the expression of DSPP, a gene that marks odontoblast terminal differentiation. Furthermore, co-transfection assays showed that Twist1 stimulates Dspp promoter activity by antagonizing Runx2 function in 293FT cells. Analysis of our in vitro data, taken together, suggests that lineage specification of DPSCs can be modulated through ex vivo gene modifications.

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